Hushan Great Wall

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Coordinates: 40°13′18″N 124°30′55″E / 40.22167°N 124.51528°E / 40.22167; 124.51528

Gate of the Hushan Great Wall, the gate is newly built during the 90s

The Hushan or Tiger Mountain Great Wall (Chinese: 虎山长城; pinyin: Hǔshān Chángchéng),[1] is a section of the Ming Great Wall in Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning, China. The wall runs for about 1,200 metres over Hushan ("Tiger Mountain").

The wall starts 15 km northeast of Dandong city, directly beside the China–North Korea border. It then climbs steeply up to a height of 146.3 metres before descending on the other side of Hushan and finishing at a car park.

Numerous Ming dynasty records and poems mentioned a "border wall" (边墙) that reached the banks of Yalu River, forming a part of Ming's defense system on the northern frontier. The date of its construction was documented by the Ming Shilu as the 15th year of Chenghua era (AD 1479).[2] Archives of Andong (Dandong) county put the wall's location to the north of the Ai River (叆河), in the Hushan area. A series of surveys in late 1980s and early 1990s led by architectural historian  [zh] identified the ruins at Hushan as the site of the eastern terminus of this Great Wall section.[2][3] An 1,250 metres (4,100 ft) long section was restored in 1992.[3]

Ruins of older fortresses have been identified at Hushan, dating back to Han dynasty and Goguryeo eras. Similar sites have also been discovered elsewhere in Liaoning, as well as in North Pyongan and Chagang provinces, North Korea.[4] The site of a historical city known as Posuo (婆娑) or Bakjak (泊汋, 박작) lies in close proximity at present-day Jiuliancheng, to the south of Hushan.[5]

On the other hand, North and South Korea academics show skepticisms on the historical existence of the Hushan great wall due to lack of evidence.[6][7][8] The Hushan great wall today was designed and built in 1992 with local government funding. [9][failed verification] Prior to that, the great wall was nowhere to be seen and the local residents in the region too were unaware of it. Today, The Hushan great wall has turned into a tourist attraction in China and known to Chinese people as the new starting point of Ming great wall, replacing the previous universally accepted Shanhai Pass. Still in many Chinese textbooks, dictionaries, TV programs and government records, the Shanhai Pass is still considered as the eastern starting point of the Great wall, also known as the "First Pass Under Heaven" (天下第一关). [10]

According to the official Chinese description, the Hushan Great Wall was built to strengthen the frontier defense in 1469 during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), however in the official territorial map published by Ming Dynasty in 1547, the Hushan great wall was nowhere to be seen. [11]


See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Harper, Damian (1 April 2015). Lonely Planet China. Lonely Planet Publications. p. 741. ISBN 978-1-74360-538-7.
  2. ^ a b Feng, Yongqian. "明万里长城东端起点的发现与研究". Ministry of Natural Resources (in Chinese). Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  3. ^ a b "明长城东部起点—虎山长城". Dandong Radio & Television (in Chinese). Retrieved 29 December 2020.
  4. ^ Li, Shulin; Jia, Yunzhang (2015). "A Study on the Shape and Structure of the Great Wall in Liaodong of Yan, Qin and Han Dynasties [燕秦汉辽东长城形制考古调查研究]" (PDF). Research of China's Frontier Archaeology [边疆考古研究] (16): 143–158.
  5. ^ Wang, Mianhou; Piao, Wenying (2016). 中國東北與東北亞古代交通史 (in Chinese). Shenyang: Liaoning People's Press. p. 420. ISBN 9787205079956.
  6. ^ Eric Randall (19 July 2012). "Koreans Are Skeptical That the Great Wall Just Doubled In Size". The Atlantic.
  7. ^ "Great Wall rekindles history row". The Korea Herald.
  8. ^ "The Scope of the Great Wall of China". Northeast Asian History Foundation.
  9. ^ "Liaoning Hushan Great Wall, China" 虎山长城 [Hushan Great Wall]. noah's ark.
  10. ^ KBS 역사스페�� – 고구려성, 만리장성으로 둔갑하다 [KBS History Special – Goguryeo Castle Transforms into the Great Wall]. Youtube.
  11. ^ "Hushan Great Wall". China travel guide.
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