Hydrogen technologies

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
See also: Timeline of hydrogen technologies

Hydrogen technologies are technologies that relate to the production and use of hydrogen. Hydrogen technologies are applicable for many uses.

Some hydrogen technologies are carbon neutral and could have a role in preventing climate change and a possible future hydrogen economy. Hydrogen is a chemical widely used in various applications including ammonia production, oil refining and energy.[1] Hydrogen is not a primary energy source, because it is not naturally occurring as a fuel. It is, however, widely regarded as an ideal energy storage medium, due to the ease with which electric power can convert water into its hydrogen and oxygen components through electrolysis and can be converted back to electrical power using a fuel cell. There are a wide number of different types of fuel and electrolysis cells.[2]

The potential environmental impact depends primarily on the methods used to generate the hydrogen fuel.

Fuel cells[]

Main article: Fuel cell
Further information: Glossary of fuel cell terms

Hydrogen infrastructure[]

Main article: Hydrogen infrastructure

Hydrogen storage[]

Main article: Hydrogen storage

Hydrogen vehicles[]

Main article: Hydrogen vehicles
Further information: List of fuel cell vehicles

Historic hydrogen filled airships[]

Hydrogen powered cars[]

Hydrogen fueling nozzle

Audi:

BMW:

  • 2002 – BMW 750hl
  • 2010 – BMW 1 Series Fuel-cell hybrid electric[4]

Chrysler:

Daimler:

Fiat:

Ford:

  • 2000 – Ford Focus FCV-Fuel cell. Note however that Ford Motor Company has dropped its plans to develop hydrogen cars, stating that "The next major step in Ford’s plan is to increase over time the volume of electrified vehicles".[7]
  • 2006 – F-250 Super Chief a Tri-Flex engine concept pickup.

Forze Hydrogen-Electric Racing Team Delft

General Motors:

Honda:

Hyundai:

Lotus Engineering:

Kia:

Mazda:

  • 1991 – Mazda HR-X Hydrogen Wankel Rotary.
  • 1993 – Hydrogen Wankel Rotary.
  • 1993 – Mazda MX-5 Miata Hydrogen Wankel Rotary.
  • 1995 – , first public street test of the hydrogen Wankel Rotary engine.
  • 1997 – Methanol-Reducing Fuel Cell
  • 2001 – – First public street test of the Methanol-Reducing Fuel Cell vehicle in Japan
  • 2003 – Mazda RX-8 Hydrogen RE Hydrogen \ Gasoline hybrid Wankel Rotary.
  • 2007 – Mazda Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid
  • 2009 – Mazda 5 Hydrogen RE Hybrid[12]

Mitsubishi:

Morgan:

Nissan:

  • 2002 – Nissan X-Trail FCHV-hybrid vehicle. Note, however that in 2009, Nissan announced that it is cancelling its hydrogen car R&D efforts.[13]

Peugeot:

Renault:

  • is a hydro-electric MPV co-developed by Nissan.

Riversimple:

Ronn Motor Company:

  • 2008 – Ronn Motor Scorpion

Toyota:

  • 2002 – Toyota FCHV-hybrid vehicle
  • 2003 – Toyota Fine-S-concept car
  • 2003 – Toyota Fine-N-concept car
  • 2005 – Toyota Fine-T-concept car
  • 2005 – Toyota Fine-X-concept car
  • 2008 – Toyota FCHV-adv-preproduction vehicle (expected public release 2015) [14]

Volkswagen:

  • 2000 – VW Bora Hy-motion-Fuel cell
  • 2002 – VW Bora Hy-power-Fuel cell
  • 2004 – VW Touran Hy-motion-Fuel cell
  • 2007 – VW space up! blue

Hydrogen powered planes[]

  • Hyfish
  • Smartfish
  • Tupolev Tu-155-hydrogen-powered version of Tu-154[15]
  • -The first aircraft capable of performing a complete flight on fuel-cell power only

Possible future aircraft using precooled jet engines include Reaction Engines Skylon and the Reaction Engines A2.

Hydrogen powered rockets[]

The following rockets were/are partially or completely propelled by hydrogen fuel:

Related technologies[]

Environmental[]

Nuclear[]

Organic chemistry[]

Miscellaneous[]

See also[]

  • National Center for Hydrogen Technology
  • Hydrogen economy § Color codes
  • Methane pyrolysis

References[]

  1. ^ Badwal, Sukhvinder P.S.; Giddey, Sarbjit; Munnings, Christopher (2013). "Hydrogen production via solid electrolytic routes". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment. 2 (5): 473–487. doi:10.1002/wene.50.
  2. ^ Badwal, SPS (2014). "Emerging electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies". Frontiers in Chemistry. 2: 79. Bibcode:2014FrCh....2...79B. doi:10.3389/fchem.2014.00079. PMC 4174133. PMID 25309898.
  3. ^ netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
  4. ^ netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
  5. ^ netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
  6. ^ netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
  7. ^ "Ford Motor Company Business Plan", December 2, 2008
  8. ^ netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
  9. ^ netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
  10. ^ netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
  11. ^ First Drive: hydrogen-powered Kia Borrego FCEV and Nissan X-Trail FCV
  12. ^ netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
  13. ^ Dennis, Lyle. "Nissan Swears Off Hydrogen and Will Only Build Electric Cars", All Cars Electric, February 26, 2009
  14. ^ netinform: Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
  15. ^ Hydrogen Powered Tupolev Tu-155 Archived 2010-11-26 at the Wayback Machine Development of Cryogenic Fuel Aircraft, Tupelov
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