Ibrahim ibn al-Walid
Ibrahim ibn al-Walid إبراهيم ابن الوليد | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Khalīfah Amir al-Mu'minin | |||||
13th Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate | |||||
Reign | 4 October 744 – 4 December 744 | ||||
Predecessor | Yazid III | ||||
Successor | Marwan II | ||||
Born | Damascus | ||||
Died | 25 January 750 Bilad al-Sham | ||||
Issue | Ishaq | ||||
| |||||
House | Marwanid | ||||
Dynasty | Umayyad | ||||
Father | Al-Walid I | ||||
Mother | Budayra (Su'ar) | ||||
Religion | Islam |
Ibrahim ibn al-Walid (died 25 January 750) (Arabic: ابراهيم ابن الوليد بن عبد الملك) was an Umayyad caliph, and a son of Caliph al-Walid I (r. 705–715). He ruled from 4 October 744 to 4 December 744.
Birth and Background[]
Ibrahim was the member of the influential Umayyad dynasty. He was the son of sixth Umayyad caliph al-Walid I, who ruled from 705 to 715. Ibrahim, whose mother was a concubine named Su'ar or Budayra.[1] His father, al-Walid was survived by several sons: al-Ya'qubi names sixteen,[2] while historian al-Tabari (d. 923) names nineteen.[3] Ibrahim was the grandson of great Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik and his grand mother was Wallada bint al-Abbas ibn al-Jaz al-Absiyya.
Reign[]
Yazid III named his brother Ibrahim as his successor. Yazid fell ill of a brain tumour[4] and died on October 3 or 4, 744. Ibrahim duly succeeded him. Ibrahim ruled for two months in 744 before he abdicated, and went into hiding out of fear of his political opponents. The shortness of this time and his incomplete acceptance led Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari to state that he did not succeed in becoming caliph (v. 26, p. 247). However, al-Tabari (p. 13) does record that Ibrahim as caliph did confirm the appointment of Abdallah ibn Umar as governor of Iraq (v. 27, p. 13).
Abdication[]
Ibrahim was named heir apparent by his brother Yazid III. Marwan II decided to oppose Yazid III, and even though he later gave allegiance to Yazid, on the early death of that caliph, Marwan continued his own ambitions. Ibrahim requested and was granted Marwan's assurance of personal safety. He travelled with Marwan to former Caliph Hisham's residence at Rusafah in Syria. Like most members of the Umayyad family, Ibrahim was executed by the Abbasids in 750.
See also[]
References[]
- ^ Biesterfeldt & Günther 2018, p. 1058.
- ^ Biesterfeldt & Günther 2018, pp. 1001–1002.
- ^ Hinds 1990, p. 219.
- ^ Dionysius of Telmahre apud Hoyland, 661 n 193
Bibliography[]
- Hillenbrand, Carole, ed. (1989). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVI: The Waning of the Umayyad Caliphate: Prelude to Revolution, A.D. 738–744/A.H. 121–126. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-810-2.
- Judd, Steven C. (2019). "Ibrāhīm b. al-Walīd". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Brill Online. ISSN 1873-9830.
- Williams, John Alden, ed. (1985). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXVII: The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, A.D. 743–750/A.H. 126–132. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-87395-884-4.
- Biesterfeldt, Hinrich; Günther, Sebastian (2018). The Works of Ibn Wāḍiḥ al-Yaʿqūbī (Volume 3): An English Translation. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-35621-4.
- Hinds, Martin, ed. (1990). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXIII: The Zenith of the Marwānid House: The Last Years of ʿAbd al-Malik and the Caliphate of al-Walīd, A.D. 700–715/A.H. 81–95. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-88706-721-1.
- 8th-century Umayyad caliphs
- 750 deaths
- 8th-century executions by the Abbasid Caliphate
- People of the Third Fitna
- Umayyad governors of Jordan
- Islamic biography stubs