Indonesian football league system
The Indonesian football league system is a series of league system for association football clubs in Indonesia. Since 1994, Liga Indonesia is the league competition featuring association football clubs, as a result of two existing top-flight football leagues merger: Perserikatan (amateur) and Galatama (semi professional). Liga Indonesia is managed by PSSI, the Indonesian national football federation.
There are three levels of competition in the hierarchy recently. The top two in the hierarchy are professional competitions, whereas the rest are amateur.[1]
Structure[]
Liga 1 is the first-tier of football league in Indonesia. Until 2017, it was known as Indonesian Super League. The second-tier is Liga 2, formerly Premier Division. Liga 1 and 2 are professional leagues and governed by PT. Liga Indonesia Baru.
The only amateur league is Liga 3. Liga 3 consists of an unlimited number of amateur teams. Every province, in total 34 provinces in Indonesia, holds its own provincial league and the number of teams per province may vary. The winners of the provincial leagues will advance to the national play-off round or national round.
Men's
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Level |
League/Division | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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1 |
Liga 1 18 clubs | |||||||||||||||||
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2 |
Liga 2 | |||||||||||||||||
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3 |
Liga 3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Level | Youth | Grassroots | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Liga 1 U-20 | Elite Pro Academy U18 | Elite Pro Academy U16 | Soeratin Cup U17 | Soeratin Cup U15 | Soeratin Cup U13 |
| 2 | Soeratin Cup U17 | Soeratin Cup U15 | Soeratin Cup U13 | |||
| 3 | Soeratin Cup U17 | Soeratin Cup U15 | Soeratin Cup U13 | |||
History[]
From 1914 to 1930, Indonesia featured an amateur national football league organized by the Nederlandsch Indische Voetbal Bond (NIVB), called the Dutch East Indies city championship (DEI Championship).
Beginning in 1931, the Perserikatan was founded as a separate amateur national football league system consisting of several levels of competition. It was the first Indonesian football league competition organized by PSSI. From 1932 to 1950, the DEI Championship competition ran in conjunction with the Perserikatan as a competition for the Dutch and other European players, while the Tiong Hoa Championship was held for players of Chinese descent.
In 1979/80, a semi-professional league was founded, namely Galatama (The Premier League), which consisted of only one level of competition (except 1983 and 1990 in which it involved 2 divisions). Therefore, since 1979, both Galatama and Perserikatan were existed and had their own league systems.
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Level |
League/Division | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1 |
Perserikatan | Galatama | ||||||||||||||||
|
2 |
Perserikatan First Division (since 1978) |
Galatama First Division (1980, 1983 & 1990 only) | ||||||||||||||||
|
3 |
Perserikatan Second Division (since 1987) |
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In 1994, PSSI merged both competitions into a new competition system, namely the Liga Indonesia. All clubs from both top level leagues were merged into the Liga Indonesia Premier Division, the new system's top-flight league. Furthermore, since Galatama did not have lower-level leagues, Liga Indonesia's lower leagues took all clubs from the same level in Perserikatan.
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Level |
League/Division | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1 |
Liga Indonesia Premier Division | |||||||||||||||||
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2 |
Liga Indonesia First Division | |||||||||||||||||
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3 |
Liga Indonesia Second Division | |||||||||||||||||
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4 |
Liga Indonesia Third Division (since 2005) | |||||||||||||||||
In 2008, PSSI created a new level, the Indonesia Super League (ISL), as the system's new top-flight league. Hence, the Premier Division was then relegated to the second and so on. This new league was created to introduce full professionalism in Indonesian football.
In parallel with this league, U-21 teams from each participating ISL clubs compete in the ISL U-21.
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Level |
League/Division | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1 |
Indonesia Super League | |||||||||||||||||
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2 |
Liga Indonesia Premier Division | |||||||||||||||||
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3 |
Liga Indonesia First Division | |||||||||||||||||
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4 |
Liga Indonesia Second Division | |||||||||||||||||
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5 |
Liga Indonesia Third Division | |||||||||||||||||
In 2011, PSSI replaced the ISL with the Indonesian Premier League (IPL).
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Level |
League/Division | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1 |
Indonesian Premier League | |||||||||||||||||
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2 |
Liga Indonesia Premier Division | |||||||||||||||||
|
3 |
Liga Indonesia First Division | |||||||||||||||||
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4 |
Liga Indonesia Second Division | |||||||||||||||||
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5 |
Liga Indonesia Third Division | |||||||||||||||||
After the extraordinary congress on 17 March 2013, Premier League and Super League are in PSSI supervision prior to incorporation in 2014 under the name of Indonesia Super League. Before that the two leagues still running, respectively.
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Level |
League/Division | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1 |
Indonesia Super League | Indonesian Premier League | ||||||||||||||||
|
2 |
Liga Indonesia Premier Division (LPIS) | Liga Indonesia Premier Division (LI) | ||||||||||||||||
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3 |
Liga Indonesia First Division | |||||||||||||||||
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4 |
Liga Indonesia Second Division | |||||||||||||||||
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5 |
Liga Indonesia Third Division | |||||||||||||||||
In 2014, PSSI divided into four level leagues competition include Super League, Premier Division, First Division and Amateur League/Province League called Liga Nusantara.
|
Level |
League/Division | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1 |
Indonesia Super League | |||||||||||||||||
|
2 |
Liga Indonesia Premier Division | |||||||||||||||||
|
3 |
Liga Indonesia First Division | |||||||||||||||||
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4 |
Liga Nusantara | |||||||||||||||||
Started in 2015 league planned just divided into three level leagues competition include Super League, Premier Division and Liga Nusantara, after first division merged with Liga Nusantara.
|
Level |
League/Division | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1 |
Indonesia Super League | |||||||||||||||||
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2 |
Liga Indonesia Premier Division | |||||||||||||||||
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3 |
Liga Nusantara | |||||||||||||||||
In 20 January 2017, PSSI announced to replace three previous league (Super League, Premier Division and Liga Nusantara) with three new leagues, namely the Liga 1, Liga 2 and Liga 3.[2]
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Level |
League/Division | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1 |
Liga 1 | |||||||||||||||||
|
2 |
Liga 2 | |||||||||||||||||
|
3 |
Liga 3 | |||||||||||||||||
Competition format[]
From the 1994–1995 to 2004–2005 season, Liga Indonesia's structure changed almost every year. For some seasons, there were two divisions within the top flight; for others, there were three. The number of clubs in the top flight wavered from 18–28, and seasons would last from 34–38 games. The top four clubs in each division qualified for a group stage "Final Eight Championship Playoff." Winners of the group faced off for the championship.
During the 2004–2005 season, 18 clubs comprised the Indonesian top flight. A season lasted 34 games, in which each club played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The three teams at the bottom of the table are relegated into Division Satu, the second level of the Indonesian league system, while the three teams of Division Satu that won promotion replace them. The top two finishers in the league qualify for the AFC Champions League.
Starting with the 2003–2004 season, the championship was decided a double round-robin league system involving the top clubs of each division. Beginning with the 2005–2006 season, 28 clubs will comprise Liga Indonesia. Clubs compete in two divisions of 14 clubs each. Each club plays against each other on a home-and-away basis.
The league's popularity has grown so much that the 2006–2007 season will see another big expansion of the league from 28 to 36 clubs with both divisions comprising 18 clubs each.
In 2008, 18 top ranked clubs in the previous Premier Division were 'promoted' to a new highest level of competition, the Indonesia Super League, and the rest stayed in the same division. The PSSI examined those 18 clubs for their readiness to join the ISL, considering many aspects, like the stadium, financial condition and other requirements for full professional football clubs.[3]
Promotion and relegation[]
- Liga 1 (level 1, 18 teams): the bottom three teams are relegated.
- Liga 2 (level 2, 24 teams): the champions, runner-up and third-place teams are promoted to Liga 1. The bottom three teams of each region are relegated to Liga 3.
- Liga 3 (level 3, unlimited number team): Six-best teams are promoted to Liga 2.
Cup eligibility[]
Being members of a league at a particular level also affects eligibility for Cup, or single-elimination, competitions.
Cup competitions[]
Annual cup tournaments
- Piala Indonesia
- Piala Liga for Galatama Clubs (defunct)
- Piala Galatama for Galatama Clubs (defunct)
Break season tournaments
- Indonesia President's Cup
- Menpora Cup
- Piala Presiden Soeharto (defunct)
- Piala Utama (defunct)
- Indonesian Community Shield (defunct)
- Inter Island Cup (defunct)
- Galatama-Perserikatan Invitational Championship (defunct)
All tier champions by season[]
1994–2007[]
| Season | Premier Division | First Division | Second Division |
|---|---|---|---|
| Persib Bandung | Persikab Bandung | Persikabo Bogor | |
| Bandung Raya | PSP Padang | Persikota Tangerang | |
| Persebaya Surabaya | Persikota Tangerang | Persipal Palu | |
| Competition abandoned due to political conditions | |||
| PSIS Semarang | PSPS Riau | PS Palembang | |
| PSM Makassar | Persita Tangerang | Persik Kediri | |
| 2001 | Persija Jakarta | PSIS Semarang | Persela Lamongan |
| 2002 | Petrokimia Putra | Persik Kediri | Persid Jember |
| 2003 | Persik Kediri | Persebaya Surabaya | Persekabpas Pasuruan |
| 2004 | Persebaya Surabaya | Arema | Persibo Bojonegoro |
2005–2007[]
| Season | Premier Division | First Division | Second Division | Third Division |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | Persipura Jayapura | PSIM Yogyakarta | Persiku Kudus | PSIR Rembang |
| 2006 | Persik Kediri | Persebaya Surabaya | PSIR Rembang | Perseta Tulungagung |
| 2007 | Sriwijaya | Persibo Bojonegoro | Persires Rengat |
2008–2013[]
| Season | Indonesia Super League | Premier Division | First Division | Second Division | Third Division |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Persipura Jayapura | Persisam Putra Samarinda | PS Mojokerto Putra | PS Barito Putera | Persikotas Tasikmalaya | |
| Arema Indonesia | Persibo Bojonegoro | Persekam Metro | Persikasi Bekasi | Persewar Waropen | |
| Persipura Jayapura | Persiba Bantul | PSBS Biak Numfor | Persibangga Purbalingga | MBU Sidoarjo | |
| Sriwijaya | Kalteng Putra | Persekap Pasuruan | Persiga Trenggalek | ||
| 2013 | Persipura Jayapura | PSS Sleman | PS Kwarta Deli Serdang | Cilegon United | Perseba Bangkalan |
2014[]
| Season | Indonesia Super League | Premier Division | First Division | Nusantara League |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | Persib Bandung | Pusamania Borneo | Cilegon United | Persatu Tuban |
2015-2016[]
| Season | Indonesia Super League | Premier Division | Nusantara League |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | Competition abandoned due to FIFA suspension | ||
| 2016 | Competition abandoned due to FIFA suspension (Indonesia Soccer Championship was organized, but was not considered an official league) | ||
2017–present[]
| Season | Liga 1 | Liga 2 | Liga 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 | Bhayangkara | Persebaya | Blitar United |
| 2018 | Persija Jakarta | PSS Sleman | Persik Kediri |
| 2019 | Bali United | Persik Kediri | Persijap Jepara |
| 2020 | Competition abandoned due to COVID-19 pandemic | ||
See also[]
- Football records in Indonesia
- List of football clubs in Indonesia by major honours won
- Indonesian Women Football Tournament
- Indonesian Futsal League
Footnotes[]
- ^ (in Indonesian) Sejarah Persatuan Sepakbola Seluruh Indonesia (PSSI) Archived 3 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "PSSI Ubah ISL Jadi Liga 1". Bola.net. 20 January 2017. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
- ^ (in Indonesian) New Super League key to success in Indonesia
- ^ "Skema Piala Indonesia 2018". goal.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 January 2018.
- ^ "Piala Indonesia 2018 Dimulai di Bojonegoro". PSSI – Football Association of Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 10 May 2018.
External links[]
- (in Indonesian) Official website of PSSI
- (in Indonesian) Liga Indonesia News
show Football in Indonesia |
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- Football league systems in Asia
- Football leagues in Indonesia