Invertebrate iridescent virus 31

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Invertebrate iridescent virus 31
Invertebrate iridescent virus 31 (IIV-31).jpg
Porcellio scaber infected with Invertebrate iridescent virus 31 (L) and individual with typical colouration (R) for comparison
Virus classification e
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Varidnaviria
Kingdom: Bamfordvirae
Phylum: Nucleocytoviricota
Class: Megaviricetes
Order: Pimascovirales
Family: Iridoviridae
Genus: Iridovirus
Species:
Invertebrate iridescent virus 31
Synonyms
  • Isopod iridovirus
Genomic information
NCBI genome IDNC_024451
Genome size220,222 nucleotides
Year of completion2014[1]

Invertebrate iridescent virus 31 (IIV-31), also known informally as isopod iridovirus, is a species of invertebrate iridescent virus in the genus Iridovirus.[2] Oniscidea (commonly known by a variety of names such as 'potato bugs', 'woodlice', 'pill bugs', 'slaters', 'rolly polies', etc.) serve as hosts. Infection is associated with decreased responsiveness in the host, increased mortality, and most strikingly, the emergence of an iridescent blue or bluish-purple colour due to the reflection of light off a paracrystalline arrangement of virions within the tissues.[3]

Taxonomy[]

In earlier centuries blue individuals of otherwise drab oniscidean species had been discovered. They were sometimes interpreted to be new subspecies and were described as such: Ligidium hypnorum coeruleum Lereboullet 1843 and L. hypnorum amethystinum Schöbl 1861 (in reference to cerulean and amethyst, respectively). In 1980 the first research was published showing that the phenomenon of blue oniscideans is in fact a disease caused by an iridovirus. The aforementioned 'subspecies' have since been reinterpreted, not as distinct taxonomic entities, but as historical findings of individuals infected with this isopod iridovirus.[4]

It was not until 2014 that the 220 kilobase genome sequence of this virus was published.[1] Then in 2018 (as part of the 2018b taxonomy release), it was formally accepted as a species by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, named Invertebrate iridescent virus 31, and placed in the genus Iridovirus alongside the mosquito-hosted species .[2]

Host range[]

IIV-31 infects members of the suborder Oniscidea. In particular, it has been reported in the scientific literature from the following families and species: Armadillidiidae (Armadillidium vulgare, ), Cylisticidae (Cylisticus convexus), Ligiidae (Ligidium hypnorum, ), Oniscidae (Oniscus asellus), Philosciidae (, , P. muscorum), Platyarthridae (Niambia capensis), Porcellionidae (Porcellio dilatatus, P. laevis, P. siculoccidentalis, P. spinicornis, P. scaber, Porcellionides pruinosus), Trachelipodidae (Trachelipus rathkii), Trichoniscidae (Androniscus dentiger, Haplophthalmus danicus, , Hyloniscus riparius, , , , T. pusillus).[5][6]

Geographic range[]

This virus has a wide geographic distribution. In particular, it has been reported in the scientific literature from the following continents and countries: Asia (Japan, Turkey), Europe (former Czechoslovakia, France, Italy, Netherlands, Russia, United Kingdom), North America (United States), Oceania (Australia).[5][6][7][8]

Tentative fossil[]

Early Cretaceous Burmese amber containing an isopod with iridescent blue areas
See also: Paleovirology

An oniscidean fossilised in Early Cretaceous Burmese amber was found that features iridescent blue patches. George Poinar Jr., an entomologist and palaeontologist studying this fossil, tentatively suggested that the colouration may represent an ancient case of IIV-31.[9]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Piegu B, Guizard S, Tan YP, Cruaud C, Asgari S, Bideshi DK, Federici BA, Bigot Y (2014). "Genome sequence of a crustacean iridovirus, IIV31, isolated from the pill bug, Armadillidium vulgare". Journal of General Virology. 95: 1585–1590. doi:10.1099/vir.0.066076-0.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b "ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  3. ^ Wijnhoven H, Berg MP (1999). "Some notes on the distribution and ecology of Iridovirus (Iridovirus, Iridoviridae) in terrestrial isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidae)". Crustaceana. 72: 145–156.
  4. ^ Poinar, George O.; Hess, Roberta T.; Stock, Jan H. (1985-01-01). "Occurrence of the Isopod Iridovirus in European Armadillidium and Porcellio (Crustacea, Isopoda)". Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde (in Dutch). 55 (2): 280–282. doi:10.1163/26660644-05502007. ISSN 0067-8546.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b Lupetti P, Montesanto G, Ciolfi S, Marri L, Gentile M, Paccagnini E, Lombardo BM (2013). "Iridovirus infection in terrestrial isopods from Sicily (Italy)". Tissue and Cell. 45. doi:10.1016/j.tice.2013.05.001.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b Karasawa S, Takatsuka J, Kato J (2012). "Report on Iridovirus IIV-31 (Iridoviridae, Iridovirus) infecting terrestrial isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea) in Japan". Crustaceana. 85: 1269–1278. doi:10.1163/15685403-00003116.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Lupetti, Pietro; Montesanto, Giuseppe; Ciolfi, Silvia; Marri, Laura; Gentile, Mariangela; Paccagnini, Eugenio; Lombardo, Bianca Maria. "Iridovirus infection in terrestrial isopods from Sicily (Italy)". Tissue & Cell. 45 (5): 321–327. doi:10.1016/j.tice.2013.05.001. ISSN 1532-3072. PMID 23756498.
  8. ^ Douch JK, Poupa AM (July 2021). "Citizen science data opens multiple avenues for iridovirus research and prompts first detection of Invertebrate iridescent virus 31 in Australia". Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. doi:10.1016/j.jip.2021.107619.
  9. ^ Poinar Jr. G (2014). "Evolutionary History of Terrestrial Pathogens and Endoparasites as Revealed in Fossils and Subfossils". Advances in Biology. 2014. doi:10.1155/2014/181353.

External links[]

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