Iraqi maqam
Iraqi Maqam (Arabic: المقام العراقي) is a genre of Arabic maqam music found in Iraq. The roots of modern Iraqi maqam can be traced as far back as the Abbassid Caliphate, when that large empire was controlled from Baghdad. The ensemble of instruments used
Iraqi Maqam | |
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UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage | |
![]() Iraqi maqam performers (Chalgi) led by Yusuf Za'arur. Early 20th century | |
Country | Iraq |
Reference | 076 |
Region | Asia |
Inscription history | |
Inscription | 2008 (3rd session) |
in this genre, called Al Chalghi al Baghdadi, includes a qari' (singer), santur, goblet drum, joza, cello, and sometimes oud and naqqarat. The focus is on the poem sung in classical Arabic or an Iraqi dialect (then called zuhayri). A complete maqam concert is known as fasl (plural fusul) and is named after the first maqam: Bayat, Hijaz, Rast, Nawa, or Husayni.[1]
A typical performance includes the following sections:[1]
- tahrir, sometimes badwah
- taslum
- finalis
Maqama texts are often derived from classical Arabic poetry, such as by al-Mutanabbi, Jawahiri, al-Mutanabbi and Abu Nuwas. Some performers used traditional sources translated into the dialect of Baghdad, and still others use Arabic, Turkish, Armenian, Hebrew, Turkmen, Aramaic or Persian language lyrics. Due to Iraq's to diversity, different ethnic groups use this genre in their own language.
Famous maqam singers[]
There are many maqam iraqi singers including:[citation needed]
Maqam | |
---|---|
Stylistic origins | Middle Eastern musical traditions |
Cultural origins | ca. 7th–9th century |
Typical instruments | Santur, joza, bağlama, cello, ney, oud and naqqarat (sometimes) |
Subgenres | |
Qubanchi and qundarchi | |
Fusion genres | |
Symphonic rock maqam |
- Ahmed Zaydan
- Rashid Qundarchi
- Mohammad Qubbanchi
- Hussein al-A'dhami
- Najm al-Shaykhli
- Hassan Khaiwka
- Hashim al-Rejab
- Yusuf Omar
- Farida Mohammad Ali
- Abdulrahman Khidhr
- Hamed al-Sa‘di
- Nazem Al-Ghazali
- Affifa Iskandar
- Mulla Hasan al-Babujachi
- Rahmat Allah Shiltagh
- Khalil Rabbaz
- Rahmain Niftar
- Rubin Rajwan
- Mulla Uthman al-Mawsili
- Jamil al-Baghdadi
- Salman Moshe
- Yusuf Huresh
- Abbas Kambir
- Farida al-A‘dhami
See also[]
External links[]
- Famous Iraqi Maqam Singers
- Iraqi Maqam
- Genres of Secular Art Music Al-maqam al-'iraqi
- General information about Iraqi Maqam
References[]
- Iraqi music
- Arabic music
- Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
- Maqam-based music tradition