Ivanoe Bonomi
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Ivanoe Bonomi | |
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Prime Minister of Italy | |
In office 18 June 1944 – 21 June 1945 | |
Monarch | Victor Emmanuel III |
Lieutenant General | Prince Umberto |
Preceded by | Pietro Badoglio |
Succeeded by | Ferruccio Parri |
In office 4 July 1921 – 26 July 1922 | |
Monarch | Victor Emmanuel III |
Preceded by | Giovanni Giolitti |
Succeeded by | Luigi Facta |
President of the Italian Senate | |
In office 8 May 1948 – 20 April 1951 | |
Preceded by | Pietro Tomasi Della Torretta |
Succeeded by | Enrico De Nicola |
Personal details | |
Born | Mantua, Lombardy, Kingdom of Italy | 18 October 1873
Died | 20 April 1951 Rome, Latium, Italy | (aged 77)
Nationality | Italian |
Political party | Italian Socialist Party (1893–1912) Italian Reformist Socialist Party (1912–1922) Labour Democratic Party (1943–1948) Socialist Party of Italian Workers (1948–1951) |
Ivanoe Bonomi [iˈvaːnoe boˈnɔːmi][1] (18 October 1873 – 20 April 1951) was an Italian statesman before and after World War II. He served as the 25th prime minister of Italy during 1921/22 and again during 1944/45.
Bonomi was born in Mantua, Italy. He was elected to the Italian Chamber of Deputies in 1909, representing Mantua as a member of the Italian Socialist Party. He was among those expelled from the party in 1912, for his advocacy of reformism and moderation, as well as his support for the Italian invasion of Libya. Bonomi joined the Italian Reformist Socialist Party, and supported Italy's participation in World War I on the side of the Triple Entente.
Bonomi served as Minister of Public Works from 1916 until 1917, and as Minister of War from 1920 until 1921 - helping to negotiate a treaty with Yugoslavia (the Treaty of Rapallo). Later in 1921 he became Treasury Minister. A few months later, he became Prime Minister of Italy for the first time, in a coalition government—the first socialist to hold the post. Early in 1922, his government collapsed, and he was replaced as Prime Minister by Luigi Facta, amidst the Fascist insurgency led by Benito Mussolini. In October 1922, Mussolini gained power through the March on Rome, and Bonomi withdrew from politics.
In 1940, Bonomi joined an anti-Fascist movement. By 1943, when Mussolini was deposed, Bonomi had become a leader of the group. In June 1944, when Rome was taken by the Allies, he replaced Badoglio as Prime Minister of the new Italian government. He led Italy as the country was being gained from the Fascist Italian Social Republic and the Nazi German occupiers, and helped the country's transition to democracy.
Numerous reforms in social security were made during Bonomi's time as prime minister. A law of 18 January 1945 introduced survivors’ pensions within the INPS general scheme, based on previous contributions and insurance years, while a law of 1 March 1945 established a Social Insurance Supplementation Fund within INPS, which augmented the payments to people with lower pensions.[2]
Bonomi came near to resignation in November 1944 over war strategy, but stayed on as Prime Minister at the urging of the British government of Winston Churchill. He remained Prime Minister until 1945, by which time World War II in Europe had ended, and stayed active in the Italian government after that moment, serving on the Constituent Assembly's committee on treaties, and also representing Italy in councils of foreign ministers until 1946. In 1948, he became President of the Italian Senate, and served in that position until his death.
After having been a founding member of the Labour Democratic Party in 1943, he later joined in 1947 the Italian Democratic Socialist Party, of which he was honorary chairman until his death.
He died on 20 April 1951 in Rome, aged 77.
Notes[]
- ^ Correct Italian pronunciations of the name Ivanoe are available in the (in Italian) Dizionario d'ortografia e di pronunzia online.
- ^ Peter Flora (ed) Growth to Limits: The Western European Welfare States Since World War II, Volume 4
External links[]
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- 1873 births
- 1951 deaths
- Politicians from Mantua
- Italian Socialist Party politicians
- Italian Reformist Socialist Party politicians
- Labour Democratic Party politicians
- Italian Democratic Socialist Party politicians
- Prime Ministers of Italy
- Foreign ministers of Italy
- Italian Ministers of the Interior
- Presidents of the Italian Senate
- Deputies of Legislature XXIII of the Kingdom of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature XXIV of the Kingdom of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature XXV of the Kingdom of Italy
- Deputies of Legislature XXVI of the Kingdom of Italy
- Members of the Consulta Nazionale
- Members of the Constituent Assembly of Italy
- Senators of Legislature I of Italy
- Bonomi II Cabinet
- Bonomi III Cabinet
- Italian resistance movement members
- World War II political leaders
- Italian anti-fascists