Ixodes
| Ixodes | |
|---|---|
| |
| Ixodes ricinus, engorged | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Subclass: | Acari |
| Order: | Ixodida |
| Family: | Ixodidae |
| Genus: | Ixodes Latreille, 1795 [1] |
| Type species | |
| Acarus ricinus | |
Ixodes is a genus of hard-bodied ticks (family Ixodidae). It includes important disease vectors of animals and humans (tick-borne disease), and some species (notably Ixodes holocyclus) inject toxins that can cause paralysis. Some ticks in this genus may transmit the pathogenic bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi[3] responsible for causing Lyme disease. Additional organisms that may be transmitted by Ixodes are parasites from the genus Babesia, which cause babesiosis, and bacteria from the related genus Anaplasma, which cause anaplasmosis.
Species[]
These species are recognised within the genus Ixodes:[4]
- Lahille, 1917[citation needed]
- Apanaskevich & Schenk, 2020[5]
- Neumann, 1901
- (Karsch, 1880)
- Ixodes affinis Neumann, 1899[citation needed]
- Uilenberg & Hoogstraal, 1969[citation needed]
- Neumann, 1913[citation needed]
- Fonseca, 1935[citation needed]
- Kohls, 1966[6]
- Chilton, 1904[citation needed]
- Kohls, 1956[citation needed]
- Ixodes angustus Neumann, 1899[citation needed]
- Roberts, 1960[citation needed]
- Schulze, 1924[citation needed]
- Arthur, 1959[citation needed]
- Fonseca, 1935[citation needed]
- Ixodes arboricola Schulze & Schlottke, 1930[citation needed]
- Arthur, 1956[citation needed]
- Kitaoka, 1973
- Arthur, 1956[citation needed]
- Arthur, 1958[citation needed]
- Neumann, 1904
- Neumann, 1904[citation needed]
- Cooley & Kohls, 1942
- Arthur & Clifford, 1961[citation needed]
- Bishopp, 1911[citation needed]
- Barker, 2019[7]
- Arthur, 1959[citation needed]
- Cooley & Kohls, 1945[citation needed]
- Birula, 1895
- Santos Dias, 1990
- Neumann, 1904[citation needed]
- Keirans, Clifford & Walker, 1982
- Arthur, 1956[citation needed]
- Morel, 1965[citation needed]
- Ixodes brunneus Koch, 1844[citation needed]
- Arthur & Zulu, 1980
- Nuttall, 1910
- Ixodes canisuga Johnston, 1849[citation needed]
- Cerný, 1966
- Keirans, Clifford & Walker, 1982
- Nuttall & Warburton, 1908[citation needed]
- Ixodes ceylonensis Kohls, 1950[citation needed]
- Kohls, 1956[citation needed]
- Arthur, 1957[citation needed]
- Schulze, 1937[citation needed]
- Takada & Fujita, 1992
- Cooley & Kohls, 1943[citation needed]
- Roberts, 1960[citation needed]
- Ixodes cookei Packard, 1869[citation needed]
- Aragão & Fonseca, 1951[citation needed]
- Wilson, 1980
- Neumann, 1908
- Arthur, 1960[citation needed]
- Ixodes cornuatus Roberts, 1960[citation needed]
- Keirans, Clifford & Walker, 1982[citation needed]
- Koch, 1844[citation needed]
- Kohls & Clifford, 1966[citation needed]
- Schulze, 1943
- Cooley, 1943[citation needed]
- Nuttall, 1913[citation needed]
- Arthur, 1956[citation needed]
- Wilson, 1967[citation needed]
- Marx, 1899[citation needed]
- Keirans & Ajohda, 2003
- Arthur, 1958[citation needed]
- Neumann, 1899[citation needed]
- Neumann, 1907[citation needed]
- Uilenberg & Hoogstraal, 1965[citation needed]
- Kohls, 1957[citation needed]
- Clifford, Theiler & Baker, 1975[citation needed]
- Kohls & Clifford, 1964[citation needed]
- Keirans & Clifford, 1983
- Nuttall, 1916[citation needed]
- Dzhaparidze, 1950[citation needed]
- Bedford, 1929[citation needed]
- Maskell, 1885[citation needed]
- Arthur, 1958[citation needed]
- Arthur, 1956[citation needed]
- Warburton & Nuttall, 1909[citation needed]
- Rondelli, 1926 [8]
- Neumann, 1899[citation needed]
- Panzer, 1798
- Koch, 1844[citation needed]
- Clifford & Hoogstraal, 1980
- Filippova & Panova, 1988
- Nuttall, 1916[citation needed]
- Apanaskevich & Schenk, 2020[5]
- Apanaskevich and Lemon, 2018[9]
- Supino, 1897[citation needed]
- Lindquist, Wu & Redner, 1999
- Kohls, 1956[citation needed]
- Gregson, 1941[citation needed]
- Ixodes heathi Kwak, Madden & Wicker, 2018[10]
- Arthur, 1962[citation needed]
- Ixodes hexagonus Leach, 1815
- Dhanda & Kulkarni, 1969[citation needed]
- Hassall, 1931[citation needed]
- Ixodes holocyclus Neumann, 1899[citation needed]
- Ixodes hoogstraali Arthur, 1955[citation needed]
- Cooley & Kohls, 1938[citation needed]
- Clifford, Hoogstraal & Kohls, 1971[citation needed]
- Swan, 1931[citation needed]
- Hoogstraal, 1967[citation needed]
- Cooley & Kohls, 1938
- Kohls, Sonenshine & Clifford, 1969[citation needed]
- Ixodes kaiseri Arthur, 1957[citation needed]
- Pomerantsev, 1948[citation needed]
- Olenev & Sorokoumov, 1934[citation needed]
- André & Colas-Belcour, 1942[citation needed]
- Bishopp, 1911[citation needed]
- Arthur, 1955
- Oudemans, 1926
- Hoogstraal & Kohls, 1965[citation needed]
- Olenev, 1929[citation needed]
- Méndez Arocha & Ortiz, 1958[citation needed]
- Arthur, 1958[citation needed]
- Wilson, 1964
- Arthur, 1958[citation needed]
- Arthur, 1965[citation needed]
- Koch, 1844[citation needed]
- Boero, 1944[citation needed]
- Neumann, 1899[citation needed]
- Arthur, 1958[citation needed]
- Sénevet, 1940
- Neumann, 1907[citation needed]
- Schulze, 1932
- Keirans, Clifford & Walker, 1982
- Kohls, 1962[citation needed]
- Cooley & Kohls, 1938[citation needed]
- Banks, 1908[citation needed]
- Emelyanova & Kozlovskaya, 1967
- Spickett, Keirans, Norval & Clifford, 1981
- Cooley & Kohls, 1942[citation needed]
- Ixodes microgalei Apanaskevich, Soarimalala & Goodman, 2013[11]
- Ixodes minor Neumann, 1902[citation needed]
- Arthur, 1959[citation needed]
- Apanaskevich & Schenk, 2020[5]
- Kohls, Clifford & Hoogstraal, 1970|date=January 2021}}
- Saito, 1968[citation needed]
- Cooley, 1944[citation needed]
- Arthur, 1957
- Teng, 1982
- Nemenz, 1968[citation needed]
- Arthur & Burrow, 1957[citation needed]
- Bishopp & Smith, 1937[citation needed]
- Cooley & Kohls, 1945[citation needed]
- Teng, 1986
- Clifford & Hoogstraal, 1970[citation needed]
- Roberts, 1962[citation needed]
- Nuttall, 1916[citation needed]
- Arthur, 1958[citation needed]
- Kohls, 1956[citation needed]
- Clifford, Walker & Keirans, 1977[citation needed]
- Uilenberg & Hoogstraal, 1969[citation needed]
- Ixodes neuquenensis Ringuelet, 1947[citation needed]
- Santos Dias, 1982[citation needed]
- Kitaoka & Saito, 1967[citation needed]
- Neumann, 1904[citation needed]
- Lahille, 1913[citation needed]
- Schulze, 1930[citation needed]
- Pomerantsev, 1946[citation needed]
- Gregson, 1941[citation needed]
- Arthur, 1956[citation needed]
- Nuttall, 1913[citation needed]
- Lucas, 1846[citation needed]
- Neumann, 1899
- Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls, 1943[citation needed]
- Barros-Battesti, Arzua, Pichorim & Keirans, 2003
- Keirans & Clifford, in Keirans, Clifford, Guglielmone & Mangold, 1985
- Pomerantsev, 1946[citation needed]
- Neumann, 1906
- Augustson, 1940[citation needed]
- Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, 1930[citation needed]
- Ixodes petauristae Warburton, 1933[citation needed]
- Keirans & Kohls, 1970[citation needed]
- Koch, 1844[citation needed]
- Apanaskevich & Schenk, 2020[5]
- Kohls, 1956[citation needed]
- Serdyukova, 1941[citation needed]
- Schulze, 1932
- Arthur & Burrow, 1957[citation needed]
- (Emelyanova, 1979)[citation needed]
- Kohls, 1948[citation needed]
- Arthur, 1958[citation needed]
- Uilenberg & Hoogstraal, 1969[citation needed]
- Teng, 1973[citation needed]
- Neumann, 1899[citation needed]
- Olenev, 1927
- Arthur, 1959[citation needed]
- Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Nuttall & Warburton, 1911
- Arthur, 1958[citation needed]
- Neumann, 1904
- Neumann, 1901[citation needed]
- Schulze & Schlottke, 1930
- Bishopp, 1911[citation needed]
- Filippova, 1971[citation needed]
- Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821
- Neumann, 1901[citation needed]
- Aragão & Fonseca, 1951[citation needed]
- Neumann, 1904[citation needed]
- Olenev, 1929[citation needed]
- Amorim, Gazeta, Bossi & Linhares, 2003
- Clifford, Hoogstraal & Kohls, 1971[citation needed]
- Ixodes siamensis Kitaoka & Suzuki, 1983[12][13]
- Keirans, Clifford & Corwin, 1976[citation needed]
- Birula, 1895[citation needed]
- Neumann, 1906[citation needed]
- Kohls & Clifford, 1966[citation needed]
- Teng, 1977[citation needed]
- Apanaskevich & Goodman, 2020[14]
- Gregson, 1942[citation needed]
- Arthur, 1958[citation needed]
- Neumann, 1899[citation needed]
- Hadwen & Nuttall, 1916[citation needed]
- Schulze, 1932[citation needed]
- Apanaskevich & Schenk, 2020[5]
- Neumann, 1911[citation needed]
- Filippova, 1957
- Filippova, 1961[citation needed]
- Weidner, 1964
- Kohls, 1969[citation needed]
- Kohls & Clifford, 1966[citation needed]
- Cooley & Kohls, 1942[citation needed]
- Saito, 1964[citation needed]
- Kohls, 1956[citation needed]
- Neumann, 1899[citation needed]
- Kohls, 1956[citation needed]
- Scudder
- Ixodes texanus Banks, 1909[citation needed]
- Arthur, 1953[citation needed]
- Arthur & Burrow, 1957[citation needed]
- Kohls & Clifford, 1962[citation needed]
- Cooley, 1945[citation needed]
- Clifford & Hoogstraal, 1966[citation needed]
- Ixodes trianguliceps Birula, 1895
- Roberts, 1960[citation needed]
- Kohls, 1956[citation needed]
- Nakatsuji, 1942[citation needed]
- Neumann, 1906[citation needed]
- Apanaskevich & Goodman, 2020[14]
- Apanaskevich & Goodman, 2020[14]
- Neumann, 1908
- Ixodes uriae White, 1852
- Schulze, 1943[citation needed]
- Kohls, 1953
- Gil Collado, 1936
- Koch, 1844
- Neumann, 1908[citation needed]
- Nuttall, 1916[citation needed]
- Clifford, Kohls & Hoogstraal, 1968[citation needed]
- Kohls, 1950[citation needed]
- Bishopp, 1911
- Kohls, 1960[citation needed]
- Keirans, Clifford & Walker, 1982
- Arthur, 1960[citation needed]
References[]
- ^ Valeria Castilho Onofrio; Darci Moraes Barros-Battesti; Marcelo Bahia Labruna; João Luiz Horácio Faccini (2009). "Diagnoses of and illustrated key to the species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) from Brazil". Systematic Parasitology. 72 (2): 143–157. doi:10.1007/s11230-008-9169-z. PMID 19115087. S2CID 19483827.
- ^ Deane Philip Furman; Edmond C. Loomis (1984). "Genus Ixodes Latreille". The Ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida). Bulletin of the California Insect Survey. 25. University of California Press. pp. 47–77. ISBN 978-0-520-09685-1.
- ^ Fisher, Bruce; Harvey, Richard P.; Champe, Pamela C. (2007). Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Microbiology (Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews Series). Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 334. ISBN 978-0-7817-8215-9.
- ^ Jim Amrine. "Ixodidae C.L.Koch, 1844". Catalog of the Acari. Texas A&M University. Archived from the original on 2004-03-14. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Apanaskevich, Dmitry A.; Schenk, John J. (2020). "Description of five new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. luxuriosus Schulze, 1935, I. steini Schulze, 1935 and I. zaglossi Kohls, 1960, parasites of marsupials, rodents and echidnas in New Guinea Island". Systematic Parasitology. 97 (3): 223–266. doi:10.1007/s11230-020-09909-5.
- ^ Kohls, GM (April 1966). "A new sea bird tick, Ixodes amersoni, from Phoenix Island (Acarina: Ixodidae)". Journal of Medical Entomology. 3 (1): 38–40. doi:10.1093/jmedent/3.1.38. PMID 5941563.
- ^ Barker, Dayana (2019). "Ixodes barkeri n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae) from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a revised key to the male Ixodes of Australia, and list of the subgenera and species of Ixodes known to occur in Australia". Zootaxa. 4658 (2): 331–342. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4658.2.7.
- ^ Contini, C.; Palmas, C.; Seu, V.; Stancampiano, L.; Usai, F. (2011). "Redescription of the male of Ixodes festai Rondelli, 1926 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) on specimens from Sardinia (Italy)". Parasite. 18 (3): 235–240. doi:10.1051/parasite/2011183235. PMC 3671470. PMID 21894264.
- ^ Apanaskevich, Dmitry A.; Lemon, Howard E. (2018). "Description of a new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae) and redescription of I. priscicollaris Schulze, 1932, parasites of New Guinea rodents (Rodentia: Muridae)". Systematic Parasitology. 95 (4): 373–382. doi:10.1007/s11230-018-9786-0.
Ixodes goliath n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), is described based on females collected from the eastern hyomys, Hyomys goliath (Milne-Edwards) (Rodentia: Muridae) from Papua New Guinea.
- ^ Kwak, M. L.; Madden, C.; Wicker, L. (2018). "Ixodes heathi n. sp. (Acari: Ixodidae), a co-endangered tick from the critically endangered mountain pygmy possum (Burramys parvus), with notes on its biology and conservation". Experimental and Applied Acarology. 76 (3): 413–419. doi:10.1007/s10493-018-0312-5. PMID 30302626.
A new species of co-endangered tick, Ixodes heathi n. sp., is described from specimens of the nymph collected on the critically endangered mountain pygmy possum (Burramys parvus Broom) from the alpine region of Victoria, Australia. Its biology is discussed along with strategies for its conservation.
- ^ Apanaskevich, D. A.; Soarimalala, V.; Goodman, S. M. (2013). "A new Ixodes species (Acari: Ixodidae), parasite of shrew tenrecs (Afrosoricida: Tenrecidae) in Madagascar". Journal of Parasitology. 99 (6): 970–972. doi:10.1645/13-306.1. PMC 4833386. PMID 23901784.
- ^ Kitaoka, Shigeo; Suzuki, Hiroshi (1983). "Studies on the Parasite Fauna of Thailand: 5. Parasitic ticks on mammals and description of Ixodes siamensis sp. n. and Rhipicephalus tetracornus sp. n. (Acarina: Ixodidae)". Tropical Medicine. 25 (4): 205–219. hdl:10069/4366.
Ixodes siamensis sp. n. is the second species of the subgenus Paltipalpiger.
- ^ Guglielmone, Alberto A.; Robbins, Richard G.; Apanaskevich, Dmitry A.; Petney, Trevor N.; Estrada-Peña, Agustín; Horak, Ivan G. (2009). "Comments on controversial tick (Acari: Ixodida) species names and species described or resurrected from 2003 to 2008". Experimental and Applied Acarology. 48 (4): 311–327. doi:10.1007/s10493-009-9246-2. hdl:2263/13757.
We consider the following 40 names valid…Ixodes siamensis Kitaoka and Suzuki, 1983.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Apanaskevich, Dmitry A.; Goodman, Steven M. (2020). "Description of three new species of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 (Acari: Ixodidae), parasites of tenrecs (Afrotheria: Tenrecidae) on Madagascar". Systematic Parasitology. 97 (6): 623–637. doi:10.1007/s11230-020-09944-2.
External links[]
Categories:
- Ticks
- Ixodidae
- Acari genera
- Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille