Jafar Qoli Khan Donboli

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Jafarqulu Khan Donboli
Khan of Khoy
Reign1798–1799
PredecessorAhmad Khan Donboli
SuccessorHoseynqulu Khan Donboli
Khan of Shaki
Reign10 December 1806 – 3 September 1814
PredecessorFatali Khan
Successor
Died3 September 1814
Shaki, Shaki Khanate
DynastyDonboli
FatherSahbaz Khan Donboli

Jafarqoli or Jafarqulu Khan Donboli (Persian: جعفرقلی خان دنبلی) was the last khan of the Khoy Khanate from 1798 to 1799 and penultimate Khan of Shaki from 1806 to 1814.

Background[]

He was born to either Sahbaz Khan Donboli[1] as their second son in Khoy. He was from Donbolis, a Kurdish tribe. Ahmad Khan Donboli was murdered in 1786, Jafarqoli had to flee the scene.[2]

Life under Hosayn Qoli[]

His nephew Hosayn Qoli Donboli soon regained his throne in 1786 thanks to help from Mohammad Qoli Khan Afshar of Urmia Khanate, meanwhile his father's murderers were put to death by Jafar Qoli. Hosayn Qoli had to pay annual tribute to Mohammad Qoli because of this.[3] Soon later Askar Khan Afshar arrived in Khoy, asking for Hosayn Qoli's help to invade Urmia and rescue his brother Mirza Abolhasan. Using opportunity to stop paying tributes, Hosayn Qoli agreed to the plan. Khoy army commanded by Jafar Qoli defeated Urmia army near Aq Ziarat in 1788. However, Mirza Abolhasan was killed by Mohammad Qoli on suggestion of Khodadad Khan Donboli, Khan of Tabriz, leaving the war inconclusive. Khodadad was killed by Sadiq Khan Shaqaqi same year.

Meanwhile Hosayn Qoli befriended Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar, receiving not only Khoy but Tabriz, Ardabil and other parts of Azerbaijan as governorate in 1791.[4] However his marriage to Ibrahim Khalil Khan's daughter raised suspicion by Agha Mohammad, he was replaced by Jafar Qoli briefly. Situation changed in 1797 again when Hosayn Qoli came to be favored by Fath Ali Khan Qajar, Jafarqoli became a rebel and besieged Khoy with help from Yazidi and Shaqaqi tribesmen.[5] However death of Hosaynqoli in 1798 forced him to assume the khanate and make peace with Fath Ali.

Reign in Shaki[]

Jafar Qoli attacked Sadiq Khan in 1798, defeated him, plundered Sarab and forced him to flee to Mughan.[5] During his reign, Donboli tribe numbered 12.000 families.[4] Later he rose up against Fath Ali in 1799, but was defeated by an army sent against him under Abbas Mirza near Salmas.[4] Jafarqoli had to flee to Erivan Khanate and submit to Russians. In June 1804, at the head of his cavalry, as part of the Russian troops, he participated in the siege of Erivan. In July of the same year, he accepted Russian citizenship. On December 10, 1806, Emperor Alexander I approved Jafar Qoli Khan as the new khan of Shaki[6] and promoted him to the rank of lieutenant general.[7] He was presented with the Imperial Certificate and a banner with the state emblem of Russia. A diamond feather, a saber decorated with precious stones and a gold medal sprinkled with diamonds were also awarded. During the Russian-Iranian war of 1804-1813, Jafar Quli Khan fought as member of the Russian army and was awarded the Order of St. Anna, 1st degree.

He died on 3 September 1814 from malaria. The descendants of Jafar Qoli Khan bore the surname Khoyski.

Family[]

He had at least 3 wives with numerous issues:

  1. Sharafnisa begüm — sister or daughter of Ishak Pasha of Van Eyalet
    1. Ahmad Khan the Elder — married Shirin begüm (1794-?), daughter of Javad Khan of Ganja and Malaknisa Khanum, daughter of Muhammad Husayn Khan Mushtaq
    2. (d. 24 July 1819) — succeeded Jafar Qoli as Khan of Shaki in 1814
    3. Ishaq Pasha — married Kichik Khanum with two issues, died during his father's lifetime
    4. Abotorab (Abra) Khan (d. 1846) — married Azad or İzzet begüm (?-between 1839 and 1847), daughter of Ibrahim Khalil Khan of Karabakh
    5. Sara Begüm — married Kalbali Khan Khoyski, son of Ahmad Khan Donboli
  2. Saltanat begüm — sister of Mohammad Khan of Erivan (1784-1804)
  3. Gowhar agha Javanshir (1796-1888) — daughter of Ibrahim Khalil Khan of Karabakh

He is the ancestor of several officials of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, such as Adil Khan Ziyadkhanov and Ismayil Khan Ziyadkhanov (both served as Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs), Fatali Khan Khoyski (Prime Minister of the Azerbaijan), Rustam Khan Khoyski (Minister of Social Security), Huseyngulu Khan Khoyski (Deputy of Ganja Governorate), Amiraslan Khan Khoyski (governor of Qazax) and poetess Gamar Sheyda.

References[]

  1. ^ Ismayilov, Eldar. "Khans of Khoy - Materials for pedigree and biographies". News of the Azerbaijan Historical and Genealogical Society (in Russian).
  2. ^ "Donboli tribe website, Jafar Goli Khan entry" (in Persian). 2018-10-18. Archived from the original on 2018-10-18. Retrieved 2021-05-25.
  3. ^ پاشازاده /, غلامعلی. "Hosaynqoli Khan Donboli". Encyclopedia of the Islamic World (in Persian). Retrieved 2021-05-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ a b c Oberling, Pierre. "DONBOLĪ". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 2021-05-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ a b Ḳulî, ʿAbd al-Razzâḳ b Najaf (1833). The dynasty of the Kajars, tr. from the MS. [of ʿAbd al-Razzâḳ b. Najaf Ḳulî] presented to sir H.J. Brydges [by sir H.J. Brydges and D. Shea]. To which is prefixed, A succinct account of the history of Persia, previous to that period. pp. 50, 71–72.
  6. ^ Berge, A. (2018). Acts collected by the Caucasian Archaeographic Commission (in Russian). Vol. 3. Saint Petersburg. p. 271. ISBN 978-5-458-67808-7. OCLC 1032355200.
  7. ^ Ismailov, Ė. Ė.; Исмаилов, Э. Э. (2005). Knights of St. George - Azerbaijanis. Moscow: Geroi otechestva. p. 39. ISBN 5-91017-005-8. OCLC 85041228.


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