Khoy

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For the administrative subdivision, see Khoy County. For the village in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, see Khoy, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. For Serer divination ceremony, see Xooy.

Khoy
خوی
City
Khoy is located in Iran
Khoy
Khoy
Coordinates: 38°33′01″N 44°57′08″E / 38.55028°N 44.95222°E / 38.55028; 44.95222Coordinates: 38°33′01″N 44°57′08″E / 38.55028°N 44.95222°E / 38.55028; 44.95222
Country Iran
ProvinceWest Azerbaijan
CountyKhoy
BakhshCentral
Government
 • MayorMoharram Akbarzadeh
 • Parliament
Elevation
[2]
1,148 m (3,769 ft)
Population
 (2016 Census)
 • Urban
198,845[1]
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+4:30 (IRDT)
Area code(s)044-3
Websitekhoy.ir

Khoy (Persian: خوی‎; Azerbaijani: خوی, Kurdish: Xoy ,خۆی‎;[3] also Romanized as and Khoi),[4] is a city and capital of Khoy County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2012 census, its population was 200,985.

Khoy is located north of the province's capital and largest city Urmia, and 807 km north-west to Tehran. The region's economy is based on agriculture, particularly the production of fruit, grain, and timber. Khoy is nicknamed as the Sunflower city of Iran. At the 2006 census, the city had a population of 178,708, with an estimated 2012 population of 200,985. Khoy is populated by both Azerbaijanis and Kurds.[5] The main beliefs are Shia Islam and Sunni Islam.[5]

Occupied since Median times, it shares a long history as an important Christian centre.[6]

History[]

Khoy was named in ancient times for the salt mines that made it an important spur of the Silk Route.[6] 3000 years ago, a city existed on the area where Khoy is located nowadays, but its name became Khoy only from 14th centuries ago.[7] In 714 BC, Sargon II passed the region of which Khoy is part of in a campaign against Urartu.[7]

During the reign of Greater Armenia this city was a part of Nor-Shirakan province (ashkar). Khoy was mentioned in VIII century AD and was called "Gher" by Anania Shirakatsi in "Ashkharatsuyts".

In the Parthian period, Khoy was the gateway of the Parthian Empire in the Northwest.[7] Around the year 37 BC, Mark Antony had crossed the plain that is located between Khoy and Marand during one of the many and frequent Roman-Parthian Wars.[7]

One of the important historic elements of the city is Surp Sarkis Church. Armenian documents wrote that the date of the making has to be either 332 or 333 AD.[7] In the city and its surrounding villages, churches are seen and it is reported that Armenians have always been comprising a significant amount of the city’s population.[7][page needed]

By the first half of the 11th century the Byzantine emperors were actively trying to round off their eastern territories, in an attempt to absorb the unstable Armenian dynasties. In 1021-2 emperor Basil II led his army as far as Khoy within 175 km of Dvin, and obtained the surrender of royalty from the Artsruni dynasty of Van.[8]

In 1210, the city was conquered by the forces of Kingdom of Georgia sent by Tamar the Great under the command of Zakaria and Ivane Mkhargrdzeli. This was a response to the sacking of Georgian-controlled Ani which occurred in 1208 and left 12,000 Christians dead.[9][10][11]

Modern period[]

Gold coin of Karim Khan Zand, struck at the Khoy mint, dated 1779

In the wake of the demise of the Safavids, the Ottomans took Khoy on 6 May 1724, a territorial gain which was confirmed with Imperial Russia through the Treaty of Constantinople (1724).[12]

Until 1828, Khoy had a large number of Armenians; however, the Treaty of Turkmenchay (1828), gave the Russians the right to encourage Armenians to immigrate into the Russian Empire. Nevertheless, a small Armenian population remained living in Khoy. This was noted by an American missionary in 1834.[13] He noted further that in the villages around Khoy there were a few more, but the vast majority had migrated to the North of the Aras river following Russia's victory over Persia in 1828 and the encouraged settling in the newly incorporated Russian regions of Eastern Armenia.[13]

With the advent of the 1910s, Khoy was occupied by Ottoman troops, but they were completely expelled from the area by the Russians by 1911.[14] Khoy was one of the many cities in Iran which garrisoned Russian infantry and Cossacks.[14] The Russians retreated at the time of Enver Pasha's offensive in the Iran-Caucasus region, but returned in around early 1916, and stayed in the region up to the wake of the Russian Revolution.[14] In 1918, for a final brief period, the Ottomans took Khoy until the decisive end of World War I and the Armistice of Mudros.[14] In World War II, Khoy was again occupied by Soviet troops, who remained until 1946.

Airlines and destinations[]

Khoy Airport (IATA: KHY, ICAO: OITK) is an airport in Khoy, Iran.

AirlinesDestinations
Iran Aseman Airlines Tehran-Mehrabad
  • Khoy havalimani.jpg
  • Khoy airport.jpg
  • فرودگاه خوی.jpg
  • Road of khoy.JPG

Climate[]

Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as cold semi-arid (BSk).[15] On July 31, 2020, a temperature of 42.8 °C (109.0 °F) was recorded.[16]

hideClimate data for Khoy
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 2.8
(37.0) 		5.2
(41.4) 		11.6
(52.9) 		17.2
(63.0) 		23.9
(75.0) 		29.3
(84.7) 		32.6
(90.7) 		32.7
(90.9) 		28.0
(82.4) 		20.5
(68.9) 		13.1
(55.6) 		6.4
(43.5) 		18.6
(65.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −1.4
(29.5) 		0.6
(33.1) 		6.1
(43.0) 		11.2
(52.2) 		16.9
(62.4) 		21.4
(70.5) 		24.7
(76.5) 		24.5
(76.1) 		19.6
(67.3) 		13.6
(56.5) 		7.5
(45.5) 		1.9
(35.4) 		12.2
(54.0)
Average low °C (°F) −5.6
(21.9) 		−4.0
(24.8) 		0.6
(33.1) 		5.3
(41.5) 		9.9
(49.8) 		13.5
(56.3) 		16.9
(62.4) 		16.3
(61.3) 		11.3
(52.3) 		6.7
(44.1) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		5.9
(42.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 28
(1.1) 		20
(0.8) 		31
(1.2) 		47
(1.9) 		54
(2.1) 		21
(0.8) 		7
(0.3) 		5
(0.2) 		8
(0.3) 		22
(0.9) 		22
(0.9) 		19
(0.7) 		284
(11.2)
Source: Climate-Data.org, altitude: 1136m[15]

Sights[]

Khoy is well known for the tomb of Shams Tabrizi, renowned Iranian poet and mystic.

Ghotour Bridge - railway bridge Khoy
Tomb of Shams Tabrizi 9

  • Khoy towers

  • Khoy views

  • Khoy city

  • Khoy city.iran.jpg

  • city center square

  • Khoy bazaar

  • historical Kabiri House in Khoy

  • Khoy train station

  • Khoy Airport

  • Stone gate of Khoy

  • Kabiri House

  • Kabiri House

  • Kabiri House

  • Ghotour Bridge

  • Ghotour Bridge

  • Mahlezan church

  • Serkis

  • Tomb of Shams Tabrizi

  • Tomb of Shams Tabrizi

  • Stone gate of Khoy

Famous places[]

  • Tomb of Shams Tabrizi, Shams Tabrizi Tower
  • Bastam and Bolourabad Castles
  • Khatoon Bridge
  • Old Stone Gate
  • Old Bazaar
  • Motallebkhan Mosque
  • Mount Avrin
  • Ghotour Iron Bridge[17]
  • Surp Sarkis Church
  • Pourya-ye Vali

Notable natives[]

For a complete list see: Category:People from Khoy

  • Mullah Nasreddin, satirical Sufi.

  • Jahan Shah, was the leader of the Kara Koyunlu oghuz Turks tribal federation in Azerbaijan and Arran.

  • Jaleh Amouzgar , is an Iranologist and a university professor.

  • Behrouz Vossoughi, is an Iranian actor.

Twin towns[]

  • Turkey Konya, Turkey (since 2011)[18]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Statistical Center of Iran > Home".
  2. ^ "Xoy, Iran Page". Retrieved 7 July 2008.
  3. ^ "چوار کۆڵبەر لە سنورەکانی بانە و خۆی کوژران و برینداربون" (in Kurdish). 9 May 2020. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
  4. ^ Khoy can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3071618" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b "شهرستان خوی" (in Persian). UMSU. Retrieved 27 August 2020.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b Andrew Burke, "Iran" pp. 138. Lonely Planet. ISBN 1742203493
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Lida Balilan Asl, Elham Jafari. "Khoy's Expansion from Early Islam to Late Qajar According to Historical Documents" published spring 2013. vol 3
  8. ^ Minorsky, Vladimir (1953). Studies in Caucasian History: I. New Light on the Shaddadids of Ganja II. The Shaddadids of Ani III. Prehistory of Saladin. CUP Archive. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-521-05735-6.
  9. ^ L. Baker, Patricia; Smith, Hilary; Oleynik, Maria (2014). Iran. London, United Kingdom: Bradt Travel Guides. p. 158. ISBN 978-1841624020.
  10. ^ Salia, Kalistrat (1983). History of the Georgian nation. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin. p. 181.
  11. ^ Mikaberidze, Alexander (2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO. p. 196. ISBN 978-1598843361.
  12. ^ Somel, Selcuk Aksin (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Ottoman Empire. Scarecrow Press. p. xlvi. ISBN 978-0810866065.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b Smith noted that the city had between 4000 and 7000 Muslim families, while only about 100 Armenian families were left. Smith, Eli (1834). Missionary Researches in Armenia: Including a Journey through Asia Minor, and into Georgia and Persia. G. Wightmann. p. 315.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Atabaki 2006, p. 70.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b "Climate: Khoy - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
  16. ^ "Extreme temperatures around the world". www.mherrera.org. 31 July 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  17. ^ "Ghotour Valley Bridge". American Bridge Company. Archived from the original on 23 February 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2013.
  18. ^ "Rumi Remembered in Birthplace of Shams". Archived from the original on 7 April 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015.

Sources[]

External links[]

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