Javindo
| Javindo | |
|---|---|
| Region | Java, Indonesia |
Native speakers | possibly extinct; may be "a very few" L1 speakers (2007)[1] |
Language family | Dutch Creole
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | jvd |
| Glottolog | javi1237 |
| ELP | Javindo |
Javindo, also known by the pejorative name Krontjong, was a Dutch-based creole language spoken on Java, Indonesia. The name Javindo is a portmanteau of Java and Indo, the Dutch word for a person of mixed Indonesian and Dutch descent. This contact language developed from communication between Javanese-speaking mothers and Dutch-speaking fathers in Indo families. Its main speakers were Indo-Eurasian people. Its grammar was based on Javanese while the vocabulary was based on Dutch. Dutch lexicon was pronounced in a Javanese manner.[2]
Even though most of the lexicon is derived from the Dutch language, the grammar of the language is mostly of Javanese origin including elements such as: morphology; lack of verbs; no past tense; no finite verb.[3]
It should not be confused with Petjo, a different Dutch- and Malay-based creole also spoken by Indo-Eurasians. With the loss of the generation that lived in the Dutch East Indies era, this language has almost died out.
Notes[]
- ^ Javindo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Willems, Wim Sporen van een Indisch verleden (1600–1942)., Part III by de Gruiter, V.E. (COMT, Leiden, 1994) ISBN 90-71042-44-8 P.140-143
- ^ Willems, Wim Sporen van een Indisch verleden (1600–1942)., Part III by de Gruiter, V.E. (COMT, Leiden, 1994) ISBN 90-71042-44-8 P.150
Further reading[]
- De Gruiter, Miel (1994). "Javindo, a contact language in pre-war Semarang". In Peter Bakker & Maarten Mous (ed.). Mixed Languages: 15 Case Studies in Language Intertwining. Amsterdam: IFOTT. pp. 151–159.
- De Gruiter, Victor Emile (1994) [1990]. Het Javindo : de verboden taal. Den Haag: Moesson.
- Dutch-based pidgins and creoles
- Extinct languages of Asia
- Languages of Indonesia
- Pidgin and creole language stubs