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Austronesian language spoken in Maluku, Indonesia
Yamdena Native to Indonesia Region Maluku Islands Native speakers
(25,000 cited 1991)[1] Language family
ISO 639-3 jmd Glottolog yamd1240
Yamdena is an Austronesian language of Yamdena and surrounding islands in the Maluku Islands in Indonesia.
Phonology [ ] Consonants [ ]
Labial
Alveolar
Palatal
Velar
Plosive
voiceless
p
t
k
voiced
b
d
prenasal
ᵐp
ⁿd
Fricative
f
s
Nasal
m
n
ŋ
Rhotic
r
Lateral
l
Approximant
w
j
Stops /b, t/ can very rarely be realized as coarticulated sounds [ɡ͡b, k͡t] by some speakers.
/m/ can be heard as voiceless [m̥] in free variation when before initial voiceless stops, or after voiceless stops.
/ŋ/ is heard as labialized [ŋʷ] when occurring before liquids, or in word-final position.
/r/ can be heard as [ɺ] in free variation intervocalically, and as [ɾ] when before voiceless consonants.
/d, ⁿd/ when occurring before /i/ can also be heard as palatal stops [ɟ, ᶮɟ]. Vowels [ ]
Front
Central
Back
Close
i
u
Mid
e
o
Open
a
Vowels /a, o/ can be heard as [ə] within unstressed syllables.
/i/ can be heard as [ɪ] word-finally, after vowels.
/o/ can be heard as [ɔ] when before /r/.[2] References [ ]
^ Yamdena at Ethnologue (subscription required) ^ Mettler, Heidi & Anton (1990). Yamdena phonology . Workpapers in Indonesian Languages and Cultures 8: Pattimura University. pp. 29–79. {{cite book }}: CS1 maint: location (link )
Central Malayo–Polynesian
Bima Sumba–Flores
Flores–Lembata
Selaru Kei–Tanimbar ?
Kei Fordata Yamdena Onin Sekar Uruangnirin Aru
Barakai Batuley Dobel Karey Koba Kola Lola Lorang Manombai Mariri Tarangan Ujir Timoric *
Central Timor *
Kemak Tukudede Mambai Bekais Wetar–Galoli ? Kawaimina
Kairui Waimoa Midiki Naueti Luangic–Kisaric
Romang Kisar Leti Luang Makuva ? Rote–Meto * Babar TNS
East Damar Teun †Nila †Serua †
Kowiai ? Central Maluku *
West East
Nunusaku
Kayeli †Nuaulu Huaulu Manusela Wemale Yalahatan Piru Bay ?
Asilulu Luhu Manipa Wakasihu Boano (Moluccas) Sepa–Teluti Paulohi Kaibobo Hitu Tulehu Laha Seit-Kaitetu Kamarian †Haruku Amahai Nusa Laut Saparua Latu
* indicates proposed status ? indicates classification dispute † indicates extinct status
Austronesian languages
Formosan languages
Rukaic Tsouic Northern
Atayalic Northwest
East
Kavalanic
Basay †Kavalan Luilang † Ami Siraiyac
Southern ?
* indicates proposed status ? indicates classification dispute † indicates extinct status
Categories :
Central Malayo-Polynesian languages Languages of the Maluku Islands Austronesian language stubs Hidden categories:
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