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Jeff Goldblum

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Jeff Goldblum
Photo of Goldblum
Goldblum at the 2019 Phoenix Fan Fusion
Born (1952-10-22) October 22, 1952 (age 68)
Occupation
  • Actor
  • musician
Years active1974–present
Spouse(s)
Children2
Musical career
GenresJazz
Instruments
  • Vocals
  • piano
LabelsDecca Records
Associated actsJeff Goldblum & The Mildred Snitzer Orchestra

Jeffrey Lynn Goldblum (born October 22, 1952) is an American actor and musician. He has starred in some of the highest-grossing films of his era, such as Jurassic Park (1993) and Independence Day (1996), as well as their respective sequels, The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997) and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018), and Independence Day: Resurgence (2016).

Goldblum also starred in films including Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978), The Big Chill (1983), and Into the Night (1985), before coming to wider attention as Seth Brundle in David Cronenberg's The Fly (1986), which earned him a Saturn Award for Best Actor. His other films include The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension (1984), The Tall Guy (1989), Deep Cover (1992), Powder (1995), The Prince of Egypt (1998), Cats & Dogs (2001), Igby Goes Down (2002), The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004), Adam Resurrected (2008), Le Week-End (2013), The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014), and Thor: Ragnarok (2017).

Goldblum has also starred in several TV series, including the eighth and ninth seasons of Law & Order: Criminal Intent as Zack Nichols. He directed the short film Little Surprises, which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film. His jazz band, Jeff Goldblum and the Mildred Snitzer Orchestra, released their first album, The Capitol Studios Sessions, in 2018.

Early life

Jeffrey Lynn Goldblum was born to Jewish parents on October 22, 1952, in West Homestead, Pennsylvania.[1][2] His mother, Shirley Jane Goldblum (née Temeles; October 30, 1926 – January 9, 2012),[3] was a radio broadcaster who later ran a kitchen equipment and appliances sales firm; his father, Harold Leonard Goldblum (April 25, 1920 – February 23, 1983), was a medical doctor and major in the U.S. Army during World War II.[4][5][6] His family is from Russia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, with roots in Starobin and Zolochiv.[7] He has a sister, Pamela, and an elder brother, Lee. His other brother, Rick, whom Goldblum has described as a "kind of hero of mine", died in 1971 at age 23 while travelling in Morocco, having contracted dysentery which led to kidney failure. Goldblum credits his interest in jazz music to Rick's influence while they were growing up. He has stated that his brother's early death made him "more focused" and gave him a determination to "save myself and survive".[8][9]

During his childhood, Goldblum belonged to an Orthodox synagogue and had a bar mitzvah ceremony.[10] His family also celebrated Christmas, and he was raised to believe in Santa Claus.[11][12] His parents were interested in show business.[13] His father nearly studied acting before deciding to pursue medical studies, going on to become Chief of Medicine at a Pittsburgh hospital.[8][14] Goldblum moved to New York City at 17 to become an actor. He worked on the stage and studied acting at the renowned Neighborhood Playhouse under the guidance of acting coach Sanford Meisner. He made his Broadway debut in the Tony Award-winning musical Two Gentlemen of Verona. He is an accomplished jazz pianist.[15]

Career

Goldblum in 1985

Goldblum made his film debut as a home-invading thug in the 1974 Charles Bronson film Death Wish. He briefly appeared as a protester in the TV movie Columbo: A Case of Immunity (1975). He has a brief part as a party guest in Annie Hall (1977); Goldblum is seen saying into the telephone at a Hollywood party, "This is Mr. Davis. I forgot my mantra."[16]

Goldblum has had leading roles in films such as The Fly (1986), Jurassic Park (1993), Earth Girls Are Easy, The Tall Guy, Vibes (1988) and Into the Night (1985).

Goldblum's strong supporting roles include those in Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978), The Big Chill (1983), and Independence Day (1996), as well as the Wes Anderson films The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004) and The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014) and the cult films The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the Eighth Dimension (1984) and Igby Goes Down (2002).

For several years,[when?] Goldblum was the voice for most U.S. Apple commercials, including advertisements for the iMac and iBook. He also voices some U.S. Toyota commercials as well as Procter & Gamble's facial cream line. He has appeared on Irish TV in commercials for the National Lottery.[when?]

Goldblum taught acting at Playhouse West in North Hollywood with Robert Carnegie. It was with several actors from this acting company that he improvised and directed the live action short film Little Surprises, which was nominated for an Academy Award in 1996.

Goldblum played the role of Adam in Adam Resurrected, a film adaptation of the Yoram Kaniuk novel about a former German entertainer who becomes the ringleader to a group of Holocaust survivors in an asylum after World War II.

Goldblum at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival

He made a guest appearance on Sesame Street in 1990 as Bob's long-lost brother Minneapolis (parody of Indiana Jones), in a sketch where Big Bird's friend Snuffleupagus had "the golden cabbage of Snuffertiti" hidden in his cave. He has appeared on Tom Goes to the Mayor, The Colbert Report, Tim and Eric Awesome Show Great Job! and Portlandia.

In September 2006, it was announced that Goldblum was one of the founding members of a new theater company in New York called The Fire Dept.

Goldblum replaced Chris Noth as a senior detective on Law & Order: Criminal Intent.[17] In the series, Goldblum plays Detective Zack Nichols. In August 2010, media outlets reported that Goldblum had decided not to return to Criminal Intent due to persistent concerns about the program's future.[18][19]

In 2014, Goldblum's jazz band, The Mildred Snitzer Orchestra, did a weekly show at the Carlyle Hotel.[20] Also in 2014, he appeared in an episode of Last Week Tonight parodying his role in Law & Order. In 2016, he reprised his role of David Levinson in Independence Day: Resurgence, the sequel to Roland Emmerich's 1996 alien invasion/disaster film Independence Day.

In November 2015, he joined the ensemble cast of Shane Carruth's third film The Modern Ocean.[21] Goldblum played The Grandmaster in the Marvel superhero film Thor: Ragnarok (2017).[22] He reprised his role as Dr. Ian Malcolm in the franchise's fifth film Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018)[23] and will do so again, this time with fellow Jurassic Park alumni Sam Neill and Laura Dern, in Jurassic World: Dominion, currently filming.[24][25]

On May 29, 2018, Billboard announced that he had been signed by Decca Records to record a studio album for release later in the year.[8][26] The Capitol Studios Sessions duly appeared on November 9, 2018.[27] This was followed 12 months later by I Shouldn’t Be Telling You This, Goldblum having played Glastonbury that summer.[28]

In July 2018, a 25 ft (7.6m) statue of Goldblum was erected next to London's Tower Bridge as a temporary installation in order to mark 25 years since the release of Jurassic Park.[29] At Disney's D23 Expo in 2019, Disney announced the show The World According to Jeff Goldblum would feature Goldblum and be available at the launch of the Disney+ streaming service on November 12, 2019.[30]

Goldblum was the subject of the 2021 biography Because He's Jeff Goldblum (Penguin Random House), written by Washington Post features writer Travis M. Andrews.[31]

Personal life

From 1980 to 1985, Goldblum was married to Patricia Gaul, with whom he appeared in Silverado (1985).[32] From 1987 to 1991, he was married to Geena Davis, his co-star in Transylvania 6-5000 (1985), The Fly (1986), and Earth Girls Are Easy (1988).[33]

In mid-2014, Goldblum became engaged to Emilie Livingston, a Canadian Olympic gymnast 30 years his junior; the couple married on November 8, 2014.[34][35] On January 9, 2015, Goldblum announced on the Late Show with David Letterman that the couple was expecting a son, who was born on July 4, 2015.[36][37][38] Goldblum announced on the January 11, 2017, episode of Conan that Livingston was pregnant with their second son, who was born on April 7, 2017.[39][40]

Filmography

Film

Year Title Role Notes
1974 Death Wish Freak #1
1974 California Split Lloyd Harris
1975 Nashville Tricycle Man
1976 Next Stop, Greenwich Village Clyde Baxter
1976 St. Ives Hood #3
1976 Special Delivery Snake
1977 The Sentinel Jack
1977 Annie Hall Lacey Party Guest
1977 Between the Lines Max Arloft
1978 Remember My Name Mr. Nudd
1978 Thank God It's Friday Tony Di Marco
1978 Invasion of the Body Snatchers Jack Bellicec
1981 Threshold Aldo Gehring Nominated–Genie Award for Best Performance by a Foreign Actor
1983 The Big Chill Michael Gold
1983 The Right Stuff Recruiter
1984 The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension New Jersey
1984 Terror in the Aisles Jack Bellicec
1985 Into the Night Ed Okin
1985 Silverado "Slick" Calvin Stanhope
1985 Transylvania 6-5000 Jack Harrison
1986 The Fly Seth Brundle Saturn Award for Best Actor
Nominated–National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor (2nd place)
Nominated–New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor (3rd place)
1987 Beyond Therapy Bruce
1988 Vibes Nick Deezy
1988 Earth Girls Are Easy Mac
1989 The Tall Guy Dexter King
1989 El Sueño del Mono Loco Dan Gillis
1990 Mister Frost Mr. Frost
1991 The Favour, the Watch and the Very Big Fish Pianist
1992 Fathers & Sons Max
1992 The Player Himself Cameo
1992 Deep Cover David Jason Nominated–Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated–Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male
1992 Shooting Elizabeth Howard Pigeon
1993 Jurassic Park Dr. Ian Malcolm Nominated – Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor
1995 Hideaway Hatch Harrison
1995 Nine Months Sean Fletcher
1995 Powder Donald Ripley
1996 The Great White Hype Mitchell Kane
1996 Independence Day David Levinson Nominated–Saturn Award for Best Actor
1996 Little Surprises N/A Director
Short film
Nominated–Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film
1996 Mad Dog Time Mickey Holliday
1997 The Lost World: Jurassic Park Dr. Ian Malcolm Nominated–Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Favorite Actor – Sci-Fi
1998 Holy Man Ricky Hayman
1998 The Prince of Egypt Aaron Voice
1998 Welcome to Hollywood Himself Cameo
2000 Beyond Suspicion John Nolan
2000 Chain of Fools Avnet
2000 One of the Hollywood Ten Herbert Biberman
2001 Perfume Jamie Also executive producer
2001 Cats & Dogs Professor Brody
2002 Run Ronnie Run! Himself Uncredited cameo[41]
2002 Igby Goes Down D.H. Banes
2003 Dallas 362 Bob
2003 Spinning Boris George Gorton
2004 Incident at Loch Ness Party Guest Cameo
2004 The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou Allistair Hennessey Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Ensemble
Nominated–Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Cast
2006 Mini's First Time Mike Rudell
2006 Fay Grim Agent Fulbright
2006 Pittsburgh Himself Also producer
2006 Man of the Year Stewart
2008 Adam Resurrected Adam Stein
2010 The Switch Leonard
2010 Morning Glory Jerry Barnes
2012 Tim and Eric's Billion Dollar Movie Chef Goldblum
2012 Zambezia Ajax Voice
2013 Le Week-End Morgan Nominated–British Independent Film Award for Best Supporting Actor
2014 The Grand Budapest Hotel Deputy Kovacs Nominated–Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
2014 Unity Narrator Voice
Documentary
2015 Mortdecai Milton Krampf
2016 Independence Day: Resurgence David Levinson
2017 Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 Grandmaster Closing credits cameo
2017 Thor: Ragnarok
2017 Miyubi The Creator Short film
2018 Isle of Dogs Duke Voice
2018 Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom Dr. Ian Malcolm
2018 Hotel Artemis Niagara (The Wolf King)
2018 The Mountain Dr. Wallace Fiennes
2021 The Boss Baby: Family Business Dr. Erwin Armstrong Voice
2022 Thor: Love and Thunder Grandmaster Post-production
2022 Jurassic World: Dominion Dr. Ian Malcolm Post-production

Television

Year Title Role Notes
1975 Columbo Protester Episode: "A Case of Immunity"
1976 The Blue Knight Daggett Episode: "Upward Mobility"
1977 Starsky & Hutch Harry Markham Episode: "Murder on Stage 17"
1980 The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Ichabod Crane Television film
1980 Tenspeed and Brown Shoe Lionel Whitney 14 episodes
1982 Rehearsal for Murder Leo Gibbs Television film
1982 Laverne & Shirley Jeffrey Episode: "Watch the Fur Fly"
1984 Ernie Kovacs: Between the Laughter Ernie Kovacs Television film
1984 American Playhouse Sophisticated urbanite Episode: "Popular Neurotics"
1985 Faerie Tale Theatre Buck Wolf Episode: "The Three Little Pigs"
1986 The Ray Bradbury Theater Cogswell Episode: "The Town Where No One Got Off"
1987 Life Story James Watson Television film
1990 Sesame Street Minneapolis Episode 21.72
1990 Framed Wiley Television film
1990–1991 Captain Planet and the Planeteers Verminous Skumm Voice; 5 episodes
1993 Lush Life Al Gorky Television film
1993–1997 Saturday Night Live Host 2 episodes
1995 The Larry Sanders Show Jeff Goldblum Episode: "Nothing Personal"
1996 The Simpsons MacArthur Parker Voice; Episode: "A Fish Called Selma"
1998 Mr. Show with Bob and David Civil War Narrator Voice; Episode: "Like Chickens... Delicious Chickens"
2002 King of the Hill Dr. Vayzosa Voice; Episode: "The Substitute Spanish Prisoner"
2003 Friends Leonard Hayes Episode: "The One with the Mugging"
2003 War Stories Ben Dansmore Television film
2003–2005 Crank Yankers Prof. Fermstein Voice; 2 episodes
2004 Tom Goes to the Mayor Bill Joel Voice; Episode: "Toodle Day"
2005 Will & Grace Scott Wooley 3 episodes
Nominated–Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series
2007 Raines Michael Raines 7 episodes
2007 Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! Himself 2 episodes
2009–2010 Law & Order: Criminal Intent Detective Zack Nichols 24 episodes
2011 NTSF:SD:SUV:: Gunnar Geirhart Episode: "Full Hauser"
2011–2012 The League Rupert Ruxin 2 episodes
2011 Allen Gregory Perry Van Moon Voice; Episode: "Van Moon Rising"
2012 Susan 313 Benny Burnet Pilot
2012–2015 Portlandia Derek, Vocal Coach, Jeff, Dinner Guest, The Pull-Out King, Beet Accident Man, The Doily Shoppe Proprietor, Alan 5 episodes
2012 Glee Hiram Berry 2 episodes
2014 Roger Episode: "It's a Jungle Out There"
2014 Last Week Tonight with John Oliver Civil Forfeiture Cop (sketch) 1 episode
2015 Inside Amy Schumer Jury Foreman Episode: "12 Angry Men Inside Amy Schumer"
2016 Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt Dr. Dave Episode: "Kimmy Meets a Celebrity!"
2017 Tour de Pharmacy Marty Hass Television film
2019 Peanuts in Space: Secrets of Apollo 10 Himself Television short film
2019 Happy! God Voice; Episode: "Resurrection"
2019–present The World According to Jeff Goldblum Himself/Presenter 12 episodes
Nominated–Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Hosted Nonfiction Series or Special
2020 RuPaul's Drag Race Guest Judge 1 episode[42]
2021 What If...? Grandmaster Voice; guest role
Currently in voice recording process

Video games

Year Title Role Notes
1996 Goosebumps: Escape from Horrorland Count Dracula Voice
1997 Independence Day David Levinson Voice
1997 The Lost World: Jurassic Park Dr. Ian Malcolm Video
1997 Chaos Island: The Lost World Dr. Ian Malcolm Voice
2015 Call of Duty: Black Ops III Nero Blackstone Voice
2018 Jurassic World Evolution Dr. Ian Malcolm Voice
2020 Jurassic World Aftermath Dr. Ian Malcolm Voice
2021 Jurassic World Evolution 2 Dr. Ian Malcolm Voice

Discography

Jeff Goldblum & The Mildred Snitzer Orchestra

Studio albums

Title Details
The Capitol Studios Sessions
  • Release date: November 9, 2018[43]
  • Label: Decca
  • Formats: CD, vinyl, digital download
I Shouldn't Be Telling You This
  • Release date: November 1, 2019[44]
  • Label: Decca
  • Formats: CD, vinyl, digital download

Compilation appearances

Title Details
Hollywood Goes Wild!

Theatre

Broadway

References

  1. ^ Curtis, Nick (January 29, 2008). "What Jeff loves about London". London Evening Standard. Retrieved October 28, 2012.
  2. ^ "Jeff Goldblum goes to the head of the class | Fall Preview". Jewish Journal. September 10, 2012. Retrieved October 28, 2012.
  3. ^ "Shirley Tyson obituary". www.legacy.com.
  4. ^ "Harold Goldblum grave". www.findagrave.com.
  5. ^ Curtis, Nick (January 29, 2008). "What Jeff loves about London". This is London. Archived from the original on February 1, 2008. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  6. ^ "Jeff Goldblum: Not Dead Yet". www.genealogywise.com.
  7. ^ Stated on Finding Your Roots, January 21, 2020
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c Ayres, Chris (November 6, 2019). "'I didn't think fatherhood was for me... so I talked to my therapist'". Radio Times. London: Immediate Media. pp. 22–25. (November 9–15 issue).
  9. ^ Barlow, Eve (June 12, 2016). "Jeff Goldblum: 'I'm like one of those yogis who wanders the Earth with a diaper'". The Guardian.
  10. ^ Stephen, By (April 26, 2007). "Holocaust role a spiritual journey". News.com.au. Retrieved October 28, 2012.
  11. ^ Stanley, TL (December 15, 2020). "Kroger Got Jeff Goldblum and Sterling K. Brown to Decorate Cookies, and It's So Wholesome". Adweek. Retrieved December 26, 2020.
  12. ^ Jeff Goldblum's Undercover Childhood Christmases - "Late Night With Conan O'Brien" (Youtube). December 23, 2020. Retrieved December 26, 2020.
  13. ^ Knutzen, Eirik (March 30, 2007). "TV Close-Up: Jeff Goldblum". Bend Weekly. Retrieved January 29, 2008.
  14. ^ "Five surprising facts about Jeff Goldblum". BBC. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  15. ^ Nunzio, Miriam Di (February 13, 2019). "Jeff Goldblum is totally jazzed about his music career, debut album". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  16. ^ "10 Greatest Actor Cameos in Woody Allen Movies – Film School Rejects". Film School Rejects. September 15, 2011. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
  17. ^ "Jeff Goldblum Has 'Criminal Intent,'Chris Noth leaving 'Law & Order' series". Zap2it. Archived from the original on June 27, 2008. Retrieved June 27, 2008.
  18. ^ Schneider, Michael (August 3, 2010). "Jeff Goldblum exits 'Law & Order'". Variety. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
  19. ^ "Jeff Goldblum to quit Criminal Intent". The Spy Report. August 4, 2010. Archived from the original on August 30, 2010. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
  20. ^ Goldblum plays jazz at Cafe Carlyle Goldblum plays jazz, New York Times, September 18, 2014
  21. ^ Kit, Borys (November 3, 2015). "Anne Hathaway, Keanu Reeves, Daniel Radcliffe to Star in 'The Modern Ocean'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
  22. ^ Breznican, Anthony (May 20, 2016). "Thor: Ragnarok: Cate Blanchett, Jeff Goldblum, and more join cast". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 21, 2016.
  23. ^ Ford, Rebecca (April 26, 2017). "Jeff Goldblum Joins 'Jurassic World' Sequel (Exclusive)". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
  24. ^ Fleming, Mike Jr. (September 4, 2019). "'Jurassic Park' Trio Laura Dern, Sam Neill & Jeff Goldblum Returning For 'Jurassic World 3'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
  25. ^ Desta, Yohana (August 19, 2020). "Jurassic World: Dominion Alters Production After Inevitable Coronavirus Outbreak". Vanity Fair. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
  26. ^ Smirke, Richard (May 29, 2018). "Jeff Goldblum Signs With Universal's Decca Records". Billboard. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
  27. ^ "Hear the first songs from Jeff Goldblum's jazz album". EW.com. Retrieved September 6, 2018.
  28. ^ Bray, Elisa; O’Connor, Roisin (October 31, 2019). "Album reviews: Jeff Goldblum – I Shouldn't Be Telling You This, and Leif Vollebekk – New Ways". The Independent. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
  29. ^ "Jeff Goldblum statue marks 25 years of Jurassic Park". BBC News. BBC. July 18, 2018. Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  30. ^ Jirak, Jamie (August 23, 2019). "The World According to Jeff Goldblum Poster Released By Disney+". comicbook.com. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  31. ^ "What's so great about Jeff Goldblum? New biography explores Pittsburgh-born actor's enduring popularity". Retrieved May 6, 2019.
  32. ^ Victoria Houseman (1991). Made in Heaven: The Marriages and Children of Hollywood Stars. Bonus Books. p. 126.
  33. ^ David Brownstone, Irene Franck (1996). People in the News, 1996. Cengage Gale. p. 156. ISBN 002860279X.
  34. ^ Yahr, Emily (November 11, 2014). "Jeff Goldblum married a contortionist half his age". The Washington Post.
  35. ^ Dave Itzkoff (September 12, 2014). "Playing Piano, and Blaming Woody Allen: Jeff Goldblum's Orchestra debuts at the Carlyle". The New York Times. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  36. ^ "Interview". Late Night with David Letterman. Green Bay, Wisconsin. January 9, 2015. CBS. WFRV-TV. Retrieved January 9, 2015.
  37. ^ Chestang, Raphael (July 7, 2015). "Jeff Goldblum Welcomes Baby Boy: See the First Family Photo!". Entertainment Tonight. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
  38. ^ Marquina, Sierra (July 17, 2015). "Jeff Goldblum's Wife Emilie Livingston Shows Off Insanely Flat Stomach Eight Days After Giving Birth". Us.
  39. ^ "Jeff Goldblum/Coyote Peterson/Jimmy Eat World", Conan (January 11, 2017), Season 7, Episode 28. TBS.
  40. ^ Miller, Jenni (April 15, 2017). "Jeff Goldblum and Emilie Livingston Welcome Their Second Baby". New York Magazine. Retrieved April 29, 2017.
  41. ^ "Jeff Goldblum: The Ultimate Filmography of Our Greatest Living Actor". Portland Mercury. June 22, 2016. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  42. ^ ago, Christopher Rudolph 2h. "AOC, Robyn, and More RuVealed as "Drag Race" Season 12 Guest Judges". LOGO News. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
  43. ^ "The Capitol Studios Sessions by Jeff Goldblum & The Mildred Snitzer Orchestra". November 9, 2018. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
  44. ^ Yoo, Noah (September 13, 2019). "Jeff Goldblum Announces New Album Featuring Fiona Apple, Sharon Van Etten, and More". Pitchfork. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
  45. ^ Billington, Michael (February 13, 2008). "Theatre review: Speed-The-Plow / Old Vic, London". the Guardian. Retrieved August 18, 2021.

External links

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