John Hope, 4th Earl of Hopetoun
The Earl of Hopetoun | |
|---|---|
 John Hope, 4th Earl of Hopetoun | |
| Born | 17 August 1765 Abercorn, West Lothian |
| Died | 27 August 1823 (aged 58) Paris, France |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Service/ |  British Army |
| Rank | General |
| Commands held | Ireland |
| Battles/wars | French Revolutionary Wars Napoleonic Wars |
| Awards | Knight of the Order of the Bath Captain-General of the Royal Company of Archers |
General John Hope, 4th Earl of Hopetoun, GCB, PC (Ire), FRSE (17 August 1765 – 27 August 1823), known as The Honourable John Hope from 1781 to 1814 and as Lord Niddry from 1814 to 1816, was a Scottish politician and British Army officer.
Military career[]
Hopetoun was the only son of John Hope, 2nd Earl of Hopetoun, by his second wife Jane or Jean Oliphant.[1] His mother died when he was only one year old.[1] He was commissioned into the 10th Light Dragoons in 1784.[1] He sat as Member of Parliament for Linlithgowshire from 1790 to 1800.[1]
He took part in the capture of the French West Indies and Spanish West Indies in 1796 and 1797.[1] In 1799 he was sent to Den Helder as Deputy Adjutant-General and was present at the Battle of Bergen and the Battle of Castricum.[1] In 1801 he was sent to Cairo and then to Alexandria to take the surrender of the French garrisons there.[1] He became Lieutenant-Governor of Portsmouth and General Officer Commanding South-West District in June 1805.[2][3]
He commanded a Division during the advance into Spain and commanded the British left at the Battle of Corunna in 1809, succeeding to overall command when Sir John Moore was killed.[1] Later that year he commanded the reserve army during the Walcheren Campaign.[1] He was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Ireland and was admitted to the Irish Privy Council in 1812.[1] He then commanded the First Division under The Duke of Wellington at the Battle of Nivelle and at the Battle of the Nive in 1813.[1] He was captured fighting the French sortie at the Battle of Bayonne in 1814.[4]
He served as Lord-Lieutenant of Linlithgowshire from 1816 to 1823. On 17 May 1814, two years before he succeeded in the earldom, he was raised to the peerage in his own right as Baron Niddry, of Niddry Castle in the County of Linlithgow, with remainder to the male issue of his father. In 1816 he succeeded his elder half-brother as fourth Earl of Hopetoun.
He died in Paris, France on 27 August 1823.
Family[]
In 1798 Lord Hopetoun married firstly Elizabeth Hope Vere (or Weir) of Craigiehall, daughter of Charles Hope-Weir. After her death he married secondly Louisa Dorothea Wedderburn, daughter of John Wedderburn of Ballendean, and granddaughter of Sir John Wedderburn, 5th Baronet of Blackness.
On his death he was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son from his second marriage, John. Lady Hopetoun died in 1836.
Monuments[]
Following Lord Hopetoun's death, the Hopetoun Monument was erected on Byres Hill, East Lothian, in 1824.[5] This was followed in 1826 by a similar monument on Mount Hill in Fife.[6] In 1824 the city of Edinburgh commissioned a bronze statue of Lord Hopetoun, by Thomas Campbell, and originally designed as a centrepiece for Charlotte Square in 1829, but which was eventually placed in St Andrew Square in 1834, in front of Dundas House where he had acted as vice governor of the bank.[1][7] The text on the latter is by Sir Walter Scott.[8] In June 2020, it was announced that an addition of a plaque had been granted from its owners to reflect and highlight the continuation of slave trade that Hope had been responsible for whilst serving in the British forces in the West Indies.[9]
Notes[]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Hope, John, fourth earl of Hopetoun (1765–1823), army officer". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
- ^ "No. 15817". The London Gazette. 18 June 1805. p. 797.
- ^ "The Gentleman's Magazine". 1823. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
- ^ Smith, Digby (1998). The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. Greenhill. p. 524. ISBN 1-85367-276-9.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "HOPETOUN MONUMENT (Category B Listed Building) (LB10831)". Retrieved 20 December 2018.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "MOUNT HILL, HOPETOUN MONUMENT (TO SIR JOHN HOPE OF OVER RANKEILOUR) (Category B Listed Building) (LB17428)". Retrieved 20 December 2018.
- ^ Historic Environment Scotland. "ST ANDREW SQUARE, MONUMENT TO JOHN, 4TH EARL OF HOPETOUN (Category A Listed Building) (LB27862)". Retrieved 20 December 2018.
- ^ "Old Edinburgh Club" (PDF).
- ^ McCool, Mary (9 June 2020). "How Scotland's city streets tell a story of slavery". BBC News (in British English). Retrieved 10 June 2020.
References[]
- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,[page needed]
- Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages [self-published source][better source needed]
- Lundy, Darryl. "FAQ".[unreliable source]
- Smith, Digby. The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill, 1998.ISBN 1-85367-276-9
External links[]
- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Earl of Hopetoun
- 1765 births
- 1823 deaths
- British Army generals
- British Army personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
- British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
- British Army commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
- Earls of Hopetoun
- Gordon Highlanders officers
- King's Royal Rifle Corps officers
- Commanders-in-Chief, Ireland
- Lord-Lieutenants of West Lothian
- 42nd Regiment of Foot officers
- Hope family
- Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies
- British MPs 1790–1796
- British MPs 1796–1800
- Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
- Members of the Royal Company of Archers
- Peers of the United Kingdom created by George III