Karuizawa, Nagano

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Karuizawa 軽井沢町
Town
Old Karuizawa ginza (Main Street)
Flag Emblem
Location of Karuizawa in Nagano Prefecture
Karuizawa
Coordinates: 36°20′54.5″N 138°35′49.3″E / 36.348472°N 138.597028°E / 36.348472; 138.597028Coordinates: 36°20′54.5″N 138°35′49.3″E / 36.348472°N 138.597028°E / 36.348472; 138.597028
Country	Japan
Region	Chūbu (Kōshin'etsu)
Prefecture	Nagano
District	Kitasaku
Area
• Total	156.03 km2 (60.24 sq mi)
Population  (October 2016)
• Total	20,323
• Density	130/km2 (340/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+9 (Japan Standard Time)
Symbols
• Tree	Magnolia kobus
• Flower	Sakurasō (Primula sieboldii)
• Bird	Brown-headed thrush
Phone number	0267-45-8111
Address	2381-1 Nagakura, Karuizawa-machi, Kitasaku-gun, Nagano-ken 389-0192
Website	Official website

Karuizawa Town Hall

Karuizawa (軽井沢町, Karuizawa-machi) is a refreshing town located in Nagano Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2016, the town had an estimated population of 20,323 in 9897 households,^[1] and a population density of 130 persons per km². The total area of the town is 156.03 square kilometres (60.24 sq mi). Karuizawa is a popular summer resort area for the residents of Tokyo.^{[citation needed]}

Geography[]

Karuizawa is located in eastern Nagano Prefecture, bordered by Gunma Prefecture to the north, east and south. The town is located on an elevated plain at the foot of Mount Asama, one of Japan's most active volcanoes. The mountain is classed as a Category A active volcano. A small eruption was detected in June 2015, a more significant eruption spewing hot rocks and a plume of ash occurred in February 2015. Mt. Asama's most destructive eruption in recent recorded history took place in 1783, when over 1,000 were killed. The volcano is actively monitored by scientists and climbing close to the summit is prohibited.^[2]

• Usui Pass
• Highest elevation: 2,568 metres (8,425 ft) (Top of Mount Asama)
• Lowest elevation: 798.7 metres (2,620.4 ft)

Surrounding municipalities[]

• Nagano Prefecture
  • Saku
  • Miyota
• Gunma Prefecture
  • Takasaki
  • Annaka
  • Shimonita
  • Naganohara
  • Tsumagoi

Demographics[]

Per Japanese census data,^[3] the population of Karuizawa has been increasing over the past 50 years.

History[]

The area of present-day Karuizawa was part of ancient Shinano Province, and developed as Karuisawa-shuku, a post station on the Nakasendō highway connecting Edo with Kyoto during the Edo period.

• August 2, 1876: The hamlets of Kutsukake, Shiozawanitta, Karijuku, Narusawanitta, and Yui merged to form the village of Nagakura. The village of Hatsuji in Saku District absorbed the hamlet of Matorikaya.
• January 14, 1879: Kitasaku District was created, and the town of Usuitoge, and the villages of Karuizawa, Nagakura, Oiwake were established with Kitasaku District.
• 1886: Canadian Anglican missionary Rev. Alexander Croft Shaw and Tokyo Imperial University English professor James Main Dixon introduced Karuizawa as a summer resort.
• April 1, 1889: With the establishment of the modern municipalities system, the town of Usuitoge, and the villages of Karuizawa, and the areas of the former villages of Kutsukake, Shiozawanitta, and Karijuku from the village of Nagakura merged to form the village of Higashinagakura in Kitasaku District, and the areas of the former villages of Narusawanitta and Yui in the village of Nagakura, and the villages of Hatsuji and Oiwake merged to form the village of Nishinagakura in Kitasaku District.
• 1910s: Begins to attract the attention of other expatriates and Japanese.^[4] Specially Germans congregate here, language professors and academics hold annual conferences.
• August 1, 1923: The village of Higashinagakura gains town status to become the town of Karuizawa. (The pre-town areas before gaining the town status is known as Kyu-Karuizawa.)
• May 8, 1942: The village of Nishinagakura is merged into Karuizawa
• 1942-45: Site of an internment camp for enemy foreigners and diplomats during World War 2.
• From 1943 relocation of an increasing number of Germans from Tokyo, which is suffering from US fire bombing. The Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers deported most German nationals in late 1947.
• 1951: Selected as International Cultural and Tourism City.
• February 1, 1957: Karuizawa absorbed Serizawa area from the former village of Goga, which was absorbed by the town of Miyota.
• April 1, 1959: The Kajikazawa area of the former village of Oiwake was split off and merged with the town of Miyota.
• 1964: 1964 Summer Olympics (Equestrian)
• February 1972: Asama-Sanso incident Police besiege communist militants holed up in holiday resort after mass killing and hostage taking.
• October 1, 1997: The Nagano Shinkansen opens, serving Karuizawa.
• 1998: 1998 Winter Olympics (Curling)
• 2004: Mount Asama erupts.

Economy[]

Hoshino Resorts is headquartered in Karuizawa.^[5]

Education[]

Karuizawa has three public elementary school and one public middle school operated by the town government, and one public high school is operated by the Nagano Prefectural Board of Education. The UWC ISAK Japan international school is also located in the town.

Transportation[]

Railway[]

• East Japan Railway Company – Hokuriku Shinkansen
  • Karuizawa
• Shinano Railway
  • Karuizawa - Naka-Karuizawa - Shinano-Oiwake

Highway[]

• Jōshin-etsu Expressway
• National Route 18
• National Route 146

International relations[]

• Campos do Jordão, Brazil^[6]
• Whistler, British Columbia, Canada^[6]

Local attractions[]

At an elevation of 1,000 m (3,281 ft) and a temperate summer climate, Karuizawa is a popular year round resort offering many outdoor sport, hot spring and recreational activities. Convenient road and rail access from central Tokyo, has ensured Karuizawa's popularity as a location for second homes and resort hotels since the Meiji era. The town is known for its historic shopping street known as "Ginza dōri" or "Kyū-dō" (Ginza Street, or the Old Road) and association with both Japanese royalty and visitors such as John Lennon and Yoko Ono.^[7] Karuizawa hosted equestrian events in the 1964 Summer Olympics as well as curling in the 1998 Winter Olympics. To date, it is the only city in the world to have hosted both Summer and Winter Olympic events,^{[citation needed]} though this will change when Beijing hosts the 2022 Winter Olympics.

Since 1997, Karuizawa has been accessible via the JR East Nagano Shinkansen. New high speed rail links has resulted in modest population growth and the development of large outlet style shopping malls.

Notable residents[]

• Arishima Takeo, writer
• Endo Shusaku, novelist
• Idei Nobuyuki, former Sony Chairman, CEO
• Paul Jacoulet, woodblock print artist
• E. Herbert Norman, Canadian diplomat and historian
• Yoko Ono, artist, musician, and activist
• Alexander Croft Shaw, Anglican missionary
• Tabaimo, artist

Climate[]

Karuizawa has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) with warm summers and cold winters. The average annual temperature in Karuizawa is 8.0 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1352 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 20.9 °C, and lowest in January, at around -4.2 °C.^[8] Precipitation is much heavier in the summer than in the winter.

References[]

External links[]

• Media related to Karuizawa, Nagano at Wikimedia Commons
• Official Website (in Japanese)
• Karuizawa Tourism Website (in Japanese)
• Karuizawa Tourism Website (in English)