2028 Summer Olympics

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"2028 Olympics", "Los Angeles 2028", and "LA28" redirect here. For the Summer Paralympics, see 2028 Summer Paralympics.
Games of the XXXIV Olympiad
2028 Summer Olympics Logo.svg
One of several emblems of the 2028 Summer Olympics
Host cityLos Angeles, California, United States
OpeningJuly 21
ClosingAugust 6
Stadium
Summer
Winter
2028 Summer Paralympics
Olympic rings
Part of a series on
2028 Summer Olympics
  • Bid process (bid details)
  • Development (venues, torch relay)
  • Marketing (mascots)
  • Broadcasters
  • Opening ceremony (flag bearers)
  • Chronological summary
  • Medal table (medallists)
  • Controversies
  • World and Olympic records
  • Closing ceremony ()
  • Paralympics
  • v
  • t

The 2028 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXXIV Olympiad, also known as Los Angeles 2028 and stylized as LA28) is a forthcoming international multi-sport event scheduled to take place from July 21 to August 6, 2028, in Los Angeles, California, United States. It will be the first Summer Games to be held in the US since the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, and the first Olympics in the US since the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah.

The process of bidding for the 2028 host city had originally been scheduled to begin in 2019, with the winning bid due to be announced at the IOC Session in mid-2021. However, following the withdrawal of a number of cities from bidding for both the 2022 Winter Olympics[1] and the 2024 Summer Olympics,[2] the International Olympic Committee (IOC) resolved in July 2017 to jointly award both the 2024 and 2028 Games.[3] On July 31, 2017, an agreement was reached whereby Los Angeles would bid for the 2028 Games with $1.8 billion of additional funding from the IOC,[4] which then cleared the way for Paris to be confirmed as host of the 2024 Games. Both cities were formally announced as winners of their respective games at the 131st IOC Session in Lima, Peru, on September 13, 2017.[5] The LA bid was praised by the IOC for using a record-breaking number of existing and temporary facilities and for relying entirely on corporate funding.[6][7]

This will be the third time Los Angeles has hosted the Summer Olympics, making it the first North American city to follow in the footsteps of London (1908, 1948 and 2012) and Paris (1900, 1924 and 2024) in hosting the games three times. These will be the fifth Summer Olympic Games to be hosted in the United States, the previous four being St. Louis 1904, Los Angeles 1932, Los Angeles 1984, and Atlanta 1996. These will also be the fourth Olympics to be held in the state of California, and the ninth Olympics to be held in the US overall, including four winter events at Lake Placid 1932, Squaw Valley 1960, Lake Placid 1980, and Salt Lake City 2002.

Bidding process[]

Main article: Bids for the 2024 and 2028 Summer Olympics

On September 16, 2015, the International Olympic Committee announced the candidature process and the five candidate cities for the 2024 Games: Budapest, Hamburg, Los Angeles, Paris, and Rome.[8] Budapest, Hamburg, and Rome eventually withdrew, leaving only Los Angeles and Paris. A similar situation had already occurred during the bidding for the 2022 Winter Olympics when Krakow, Lviv, Oslo and Stockholm withdrew, resulting in a two-way decision between Beijing, China and Almaty, Kazakhstan, with Beijing ultimately declared the winner. On April 3, 2017, at the IOC convention in Denmark, Olympic officials met with bid committees from both Los Angeles and Paris to discuss the possibility of naming two winners in the competition to host the 2024 Summer Games.

After these withdrawals, the IOC Executive Board met in Lausanne, Switzerland on June 9, 2017, to discuss the 2024 and 2028 bid processes.[3] The IOC formally proposed electing the 2024 and 2028 host cities at the same time in 2017, a proposal that an Extraordinary IOC Session approved on July 11, 2017, in Lausanne. The IOC set up a process where the Los Angeles and Paris 2024 bid committees and the IOC, held meetings in July 2017 to decide which city would host in each of the two years.[9]

Following the decision to award the 2024 and 2028 Games simultaneously, Paris was understood to be preferred for the 2024 Games. On July 31, 2017, the IOC announced Los Angeles as the sole candidate for 2028, allowing Paris to be confirmed as the host for 2024. On August 11, 2017, Los Angeles City Council voted unanimously to approve the bid.[10] On September 11, 2017, Los Angeles received formal approval from the IOC's evaluation commission.[11] On September 13, 2017, Los Angeles was formally awarded the 2028 Games following a unanimous vote by the IOC.[12]

On October 16, 2017, Los Angeles 2028 received official support from the state of California.[13] On August 29, 2018, Olympic officials arrived for a two-day visit that included meetings with local organizers and a tour of the city's newest venues.[14] On October 9, 2018, a group called NOlympics LA released a poll results stating that 45% of respondents from Los Angeles County and 47% from across California oppose bringing the 2028 Summer Games to Los Angeles.[15] However, LMU and LA Times polls suggest that more than 88% of Angelenos are in favor of the city's hosting the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games.[16]

2028 Summer Olympics
bidding results
City Nation Votes
Los Angeles  United States Unanimous

Development and preparations[]

Venue construction and renovations[]

Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
Interior view of SoFi Stadium at Hollywood Park

While most host cities have seven years to prepare for the Olympic Games, Los Angeles will get an additional four, giving the city eleven years. The Los Angeles bid relied on a majority of existing venues; other venues that are already under construction or were planned regardless of the Games. Banc of California Stadium, which opened in 2018 as the home of Major League Soccer's Los Angeles FC, will host football (soccer) and several events in athletics. SoFi Stadium (which will be named as Los Angeles Olympic Stadium during the Games[citation needed]), which opened in 2020 as the home of the NFL's Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers, will host the main opening ceremony, football, and archery. Around the time when Los Angeles won its bid, the Los Angeles Clippers proposed building a new arena in Inglewood. However, this venue has not yet been approved and has yet to be mentioned as a potential Olympic venue.[17][18]

The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum underwent a major renovation and restoration program from 2017 to 2019.[19] A new press box, loge boxes, and club seats were installed.[20] This reduced stadium capacity from 93,607 to 78,467.[21] As the track and field venue, future renovations include the re-installation of an athletics track.

Infrastructure[]

Metro E Line train in Downtown Los Angeles
Main article: Twenty-eight by '28

The Twenty-eight by '28 initiative is an effort set forth by Mayor Eric Garcetti that the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority complete 28 transit infrastructure projects before the start of the games.[22] Most of these projects were already in the planning stages but will receive accelerated priority, while several new projects were programmed with the initiative.

As of 2019, the K Line light rail had been expected to open and be fully completed by 2021; revenue operation has since been delayed to late 2022. It will link the Crenshaw District, Inglewood and Westchester once completed. The K line will also connect to a people mover being constructed to link Los Angeles International Airport with the Aviation/96th Street station. The construction of the people mover will be expedited in anticipation of the 2028 Olympics, with a completion date of 2023 being set.[23] The LAX people mover started construction in early 2018 and the K Line is currently 99.5% completed (as of January 2022).[24] The Inglewood Transit Connector is another people mover planned to provide transportation between the K line and the Olympic venues in Inglewood.

While various infrastructure improvements were planned regardless of the outcome of the Los Angeles Olympic bid, the extension of the Metro D Line will be expedited to serve the 2028 Olympics. Three phases were created to extend the line. The first phase will extend the D Line from the Wilshire/Western station to the new Wilshire/La Cienega station. This phase will be completed by 2023. The second phase will extend the D Line to Century City by 2025, while the third and final phase will extend the line to the West Los Angeles VA Medical Center in Westwood with a completion date set for 2026. The third phase will also include a station adjoining the UCLA campus, connecting the Olympic village and Pauley Pavilion with venues in downtown Los Angeles.[25][26] Currently phase one, two and three broke ground and are under construction. Phase 3 did not have a "ground breaking ceremony", but did receive its federal funding grants in February 2020. Construction began in 2019 and remains on schedule.[25][27][28]

The Regional Connector in downtown Los Angeles will be complete in 2022. The project will connect the Metro E Line, which already links venues in Downtown Santa Monica to venues at Exposition Park and in downtown Los Angeles, to the Metro L Line. This will allow for direct rail service between Santa Monica and East Los Angeles. The Regional Connector will also link the Metro A Line with the Metro L Line, connecting the Long Beach area and San Gabriel Valley via downtown.[29][30]

These infrastructure improvements, among others, are being funded by "Measure R", a temporary half-cent sales tax increase, and "Measure M", a continuation of Measure R's tax increase plus an additional permanent half-cent sales tax increase, both tax measures applicable to Los Angeles County.[31] Measure R was approved by voters in November 2008 and Measure M was approved by voters in November 2016.[31]

Budget[]

In April 2019, the estimated cost of the Games was assessed as being approximately $6.88 billion with all the money coming from the private sector, although the Los Angeles city council and state of California legislators have agreed to serve as a "financial backstop." The organizers adjusted the budget for inflation after LA, which originally bid for the 2024 Games, agreed to wait four more years.[32][33]

The City of Los Angeles is the lead public guarantor, committing to spend up to $250 million to cover shortfalls. In 2016, the California legislature took action so that the Governor is empowered to negotiate the next $250 million in public backup, but only after the city backup money has been used first. LA 2024 also agreed to purchase a wide range of insurance policies, including natural disaster, terrorism, event cancellation, as well as reduced ticket sales. The games are expected to generate as much as they cost, with $2.5 billion coming in through sponsorships and nearly $2 billion earned through ticket sales. Average ticket prices for the games will range between $13 and $457 (in 2016 dollars).[33]

The federal government will designate the Olympics a National Special Security Event (NSSE) in which the US Secret Service heads a single chain of command.[33] The US federal government will also cover the cost of security, with an agreement signed by the LA organizing committee and Department of Homeland Security in February 2020. The federal government will not be involved in the Games' funding, covering only security costs.[34]

Venues[]

Under present IOC policy, venues with corporate naming rights will not be allowed to use their sponsored name during the Olympics.[35]

Sports parks[]

There will be four “sports parks” throughout the city to host events at existing, temporary, and planned venues, as well as venues already under construction. The most prominent of the four locations will be the Downtown Sports Park, which will host events at various venues in Downtown Los Angeles. The Downtown Sports Park will host events including swimming, diving, football, badminton, road cycling, fencing, taekwondo and basketball at Los Angeles City Hall and Grand Park, the Los Angeles Convention Center, Crypto.com Arena, Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, and the campus of the University of Southern California. In addition to sporting events, the Downtown Sports Park will also host the Main Press Center, Media Village, and Olympic Family Hotels, and serve as the venue for the Opening and Closing Ceremonies.[36]

Additional sports parks include the Valley Sports Park, South Bay Sports Park, and the Long Beach Sports Park.[36]

Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Olympic Cauldron
Night view of Crypto.com Arena
Banc of California Stadium

Downtown Sports Park[]

Venue Events Capacity Status
Banc of California Stadium Football (preliminaries, quarterfinals, women's bronze medal) 22,000 Existing
Athletics (discus, javelin, and hammer first rounds) 20,000
Crypto.com Arena Basketball (men's preliminaries, finals) 18,000
Dedeaux Field (USC) Swimming, diving, artistic swimming Temporary structure on existing site
Figueroa Street[37] Live site: "Olympic Way" – Street art, vendors and entertainment connecting USC and L.A. Live in Downtown Los Angeles — Temporary
Galen Center (USC) Badminton 10,300 Existing
Grand Park Marathon 5,000
Race walk
Road cycling
Los Angeles Convention Center Boxing
Basketball (women's preliminaries) 8,000
Fencing 7,000
Taekwondo
Table tennis 5,000
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Athletics (except some field events) 77,500
Opening and closing ceremonies
Microsoft Theater Weightlifting
USC Village Media Village, Main Press Center —

Valley Sports Park[]

2028 Summer Olympics is located in the Los Angeles metropolitan area
LA Convention Center
Downtown Sports Park
Downtown Sports Park
Valley Sports Park
South Bay Sports Park
South Bay Sports Park
Long Beach Sports Park
Santa Monica Beach
Santa Monica Beach
Venice Beach
Venice Beach
Riviera Country Club
UCLA
UCLA
The Forum
SoFi Stadium
Rose Bowl
Bonelli Park
Dodger Stadium
Anaheim Sports Area
Anaheim Sports Area
Universal
Universal
Location of the facilities in the Los Angeles area

The Valley Sports Park host events at temporary venues in the Sepulveda Basin Recreation Center in the San Fernando Valley.

Venue Events Capacity Status
Sepulveda Basin Park Canoe slalom 8,000 Planned construction
Equestrian 15,000 Temporary
Shooting 3,000

South Bay Sports Park[]

Dignity Health Sports Park Center

The South Bay Sports Park will be located on the campus of California State University, Dominguez Hills in Carson, California.

Venue Events Capacity Status
Dignity Health Sports Park - Main Stadium Rugby 30,000 Existing
Modern pentathlon
Dignity Health Sports Park - Tennis Stadium Tennis 10,000 (Center Court)
Dignity Health Sports Park - Track and Field Facility Field hockey 15,000 (primary field)
5,000 (secondary field)
VELO Sports Center Track cycling 6,000

Long Beach Sports Park[]

Long Beach

The Long Beach Sports Park will host events at locations at the Long Beach Arena and along the Long Beach waterfront in Long Beach, California.

Venue Events Capacity Status
Long Beach Waterfront BMX racing 6,000 Temporary
Water polo 8,000
Triathlon 2,000 Existing
Open water swimming
Long Beach Arena Handball 12,000
Belmont Veterans Memorial Pier Sailing 6,000

Westside[]

Various venues in the Westside of Los Angeles, CA.

Riviera Country Club
The Forum
Venue Events Capacity Status
Santa Monica State Beach and Venice Beach Beach volleyball 12,000 Temporary
Skateboarding 10,000 Existing
Surfing 8,000
3x3 basketball
–
Riviera Country Club Golf 30,000
UCLA Olympic Village and
Olympic Village Training Center 		N/A
Pauley Pavilion (UCLA) Wrestling 12,500
Judo
SoFi Stadium Opening/Closing ceremonies 70,000–100,000
Football (men's quarterfinals, women's semifinals, men's final)
Archery 8,000
(stadium lake)
The Forum Gymnastics 17,000

Southern California venues[]

UCLA student housing site of the Olympic Village
Venue Location Events Capacity Status
Rose Bowl Pasadena Football (women's quarterfinals, men's semifinals, women's final, men's 3rd place) 92,000 Existing
Lake Perris Riverside County Canoe sprint 12,000
Rowing
Frank G. Bonelli Regional Park San Dimas Mountain biking 3,000 Temporary
Dodger Stadium Los Angeles Baseball/Softball (pending approval by IOC) 56,000 Existing
Angel Stadium Anaheim 45,000
Honda Center Volleyball 18,000
Anaheim Convention Center
(The Arena at Anaheim) 		6,000
Brokaw News Center/Universal Studios Lot Universal City International Broadcast Center/Main Press Center[38]
–

Potential football venues[]

The Rose Bowl

According to the initial bid book for the Los Angeles 2024 Olympics, football venues are to be situated within Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and other main cities of California. The organizing committee's responsibility is to choose from four to six venues to host the tournament. According to the official website of the local organizing committee, eight venues are under consideration, all within California.[39]

Potential venues in Los Angeles County
Location of potential football facilities in the San Francisco Bay area
Potential venues in the San Francisco Bay area
Location of potential football facilities in San Diego
Potential venues in San Diego County

The Games[]

Sports[]

Under current IOC policies, the program of the Summer Olympics consists of 28 "core" sports that persist between Games, with other slots able to be filled with backing of the IOC and organizing committee in order to improve local interest,[40][41] provided that the total number of participants does not exceed 10,500 athletes.[42]

On December 9, 2021, the IOC stated that boxing, modern pentathlon, and weightlifting had been removed from the "initial" program for the 2028 Summer Olympics, and would only be included if their respective governing bodies resolve issues raised by the IOC by 2023.[43] In particular, the International Boxing Association (AIBA) has faced ongoing governance issues (which resulted in boxing at the 2020 Summer Olympics being overseen by an external task force),[44] the International Weightlifting Federation has faced issues with doping and governance (resulting in weightlifting being considered "provisional" for the 2024 Summer Olympics),[44] while the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne (UIPM) must also finalize and seek approval for their proposed replacement of show jumping with another discipline in the modern pentathlon.[45]

Additionally, the IOC executive board has proposed that skateboarding, sport climbing, and surfing be promoted to the core program of the 2028 Summer Olympics; the three sports successfully debuted as discretionary events at the 2020 Summer Olympics, and are expected to return in the same capacity in 2024.[45][46]

2028 Summer Olympic Sports Program

New sports[]

Various sanctioning bodies have announced plans to pursue bids for other sports to be added to the 2028 Summer Olympics as optional sports:[47]

Ceremonies[]

In January 2017, it was reported that the bid committee had proposed holding the opening and closing ceremonies at both SoFi Stadium and the historic Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, in an acknowledgement of its role in the 1932 and 1984 Olympics. The plans called the final leg of the torch relay to be ceremonially launched from the Coliseum, a simulcast of the opening ceremony proper at SoFi Stadium for those in attendance, and the ceremonial re-lighting of the historic Olympic cauldron at the stadium once the cauldron is lit in Inglewood. The closing ceremony would be held in reverse, with opening segments at SoFi Stadium, and the official protocol held at the Coliseum. The proposal is unprecedented and would mark the first time two major venues are featured in the opening and closing ceremonies. The final plan is pending per IOC approval.[52]

Marketing[]

Emblem[]

On September 1, 2020, the LA organizing committee unveiled the emblem for the 2028 Summer Olympics, featuring the characters "LA" and "28" in a stacked layout. The "A" in "LA" is designed to be interchangeable, with variations created in collaboration with athletes, artists, designers, celebrities, and other figures (such as musician Billie Eilish, Indian-Canadian comedian Lilly Singh, and actress Reese Witherspoon).[53][54] There is also a variation derived from the "Stars in Motion" emblem of the 1984 Summer Olympics.[55]

Organizing committee chairman Casey Wasserman explained that the multitude of variations was intended to "showcase our community's collective creativity and celebrate the diversity that makes us strong", as the city "defies a singular identity". Chief marketing officer Amy Gleeson stated that the emblem was designed to "foster a deeper connection with the audience who will be in their 20s and 30s when the games happen."[53][54][56][57][55]

Broadcasting rights[]

In the United States, the Games will be broadcast by NBCUniversal properties, as part of long-term agreements with the IOC through 2032.[58] The Universal Studios Lot is planned to be the site of the International Broadcast Centre for the Games.[38] In addition, NBCUniversal and the organizing committee will coordinate sponsorship sales for the Games, and parent company Comcast will be promoted as a "founding partner" of Los Angeles 2028 as part of a renewed sponsorship agreement with the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee.[59][60]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Abend, Lisa (October 3, 2014). "Why Nobody Wants to Host the 2022 Winter Olympics". Time. Archived from the original on September 18, 2015. Retrieved September 20, 2015.
  2. ^ Butler, Nick. "Exclusive: IOC vow to "further adjust" candidature process after Budapest 2024 withdrawal". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
  3. ^ a b "Meeting of the IOC Executive Board in Lausanne – Information for the media". Olympic.org. May 19, 2017. Archived from the original on June 22, 2017.
  4. ^ "Los Angeles Declares Candidature for Olympic Games 2028- IOC to Contribute USD 1.8Billion to the Local Organising Committee". IOC. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
  5. ^ Wharton, David (July 31, 2017). "Los Angeles makes deal to host 2028 Summer Olympics". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  6. ^ "IOC makes historic decision by simultaneously awarding Olympic Games 2024 to Paris and 2028 to Los Angeles". International Olympic Committee. September 13, 2017. Archived from the original on July 17, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  7. ^ "Los Angeles 2028 releases "privately-funded, balanced budget" for Olympic and Paralympic Games". www.insidethegames.biz. April 30, 2019.
  8. ^ "Candidature Process Olympic Games 2024" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
  9. ^ "Bach Says Paris and LA Mayors Are 'Optimistic' About Agreement After Initial Discussions - GamesBids.com". gamesbids.com. July 12, 2017. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
  10. ^ "L.A. City Council endorses 2028 Olympics bid, accepting responsibility for any cost overruns". Los Angeles Times. August 2017. Archived from the original on February 28, 2020. Retrieved August 11, 2017.
  11. ^ "Los Angeles gets official go-ahead to host 2028 Olympics". Chicago Tribune. September 2017. Archived from the original on July 15, 2018. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
  12. ^ "L.A. officially awarded 2028 Olympic Games". Los Angeles Times. September 2017. Archived from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
  13. ^ "State taxpayers will back LA Olympics bid if it goes over budget". Los Angeles Times. October 2017. Archived from the original on October 18, 2017. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
  14. ^ "Olympic officials visit L.A. for the first time since awarding the bid and are impressed so far with what's to come". Los Angeles Times. August 2018. Archived from the original on August 29, 2018. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
  15. ^ "New poll suggests L.A. residents concerned about hosting 2028 Olympics". Los Angeles Times. October 9, 2018. Archived from the original on October 12, 2018. Retrieved October 12, 2018.
  16. ^ "LA 2024 Olympic bid receives wide public support in new poll". Los Angeles Times. February 23, 2016. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
  17. ^ reports, From NBA media. "LA Clippers owner Steve Ballmer still seeking Inglewood arena for team - NBA.com". nba.com. Archived from the original on August 17, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
  18. ^ "Inglewood residents sue to block Clippers arena". curbed.com. June 19, 2018. Archived from the original on July 24, 2018. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
  19. ^ "See the Changes Coming to the Historic LA Memorial Coliseum". NBCUniversal Media. January 29, 2018. Archived from the original on March 23, 2018. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
  20. ^ "Renovated Coliseum Press Box to be Named Otis Booth Press Box". The Coliseum Renovation Project. Archived from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
  21. ^ "United Airlines Memorial Coliseum to be new name for L.A. landmark - USC News. January 29, 2018". www.usc.edu. January 29, 2018. Archived from the original on August 6, 2018. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  22. ^ Sharp, Steven (November 27, 2018). "Here are the 28 Projects that Metro Could Complete Before the 2028 Olympics". Urbanize. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved July 2, 2018.
  23. ^ "Renderings Galore for the LAX Automated People Mover". Urbanize.la. February 2018. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
  24. ^ "Agenda for March 22 meeting of Metro Board of Directors". metro.net. March 21, 2018. Archived from the original on March 23, 2018. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
  25. ^ a b "Purple Line phase 2 groundbreaking!". metro.net. February 23, 2018. Archived from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
  26. ^ Nelson, Laura J. (September 9, 2015). "Eyeing L.A.'s Olympic bid, Metro seeks to accelerate two rail projects". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 12, 2015. Retrieved September 12, 2015.
  27. ^ "Purple Line Extension". Metro. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  28. ^ http://libraryarchives.metro.net/DPGTL/StatusReports/2020-january-westside-purple-line-extension-section-3.pdf
  29. ^ Devanney, Brenna (November 12, 2015). "Metro Proposes Budget Changes To Regional Connector". Annenberg TV News. Archived from the original on February 2, 2016. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
  30. ^ "Regional Connector Transit Corridor (project website)". Metro (LACMTA). May 13, 2013. Archived from the original on April 14, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
  31. ^ a b "Los Angeles County Election Results". Los Angeles County Registrar-Recorder/County Clerk. December 2, 2016. Archived from the original on July 4, 2018. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  32. ^ Wharton, David (April 30, 2019). "Estimated cost of 2028 Los Angeles Olympics jumps to $6.9 billion". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 27, 2019. Retrieved June 29, 2019.
  33. ^ a b c "Update on Los Angeles' Bid for the 2024 Olympics". California Legislative Analyst's Office. March 23, 2017. Archived from the original on June 1, 2019. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
  34. ^ "President Trump confirms government will assist L.A. during 2028 Olympics". Los Angeles Times. February 2020. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  35. ^ Murphy, Bill, Jr. (February 4, 2018). "United Airlines Spent $69 Million on This Stadium Naming Deal, But They're Not Getting This 1 Important Thing". Inc. Archived from the original on June 18, 2018. Retrieved September 17, 2019.
  36. ^ a b "Welcome to the LA28 Olympic and Paralympic Games". la28.org. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
  37. ^ "Stage 1 Vision, Games Concept and Strategy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 12, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  38. ^ a b Johnson, Ted (June 22, 2016). "Universal to Build New Soundstage Complex, Expand Theme Park in 5-Year Plan (EXCLUSIVE)". Archived from the original on August 27, 2016.
  39. ^ "LA2024 Games Delivery, Experience and Venue Legacy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 4, 2017.
  40. ^ "Big changes to Olympic sports program on way after Agenda 2020 Summit". www.insidethegames.biz. July 19, 2014. Retrieved July 18, 2021.
  41. ^ "Olympic Agenda 2020 Recommendations" (PDF). IOC. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 10, 2015. Retrieved June 23, 2015.
  42. ^ a b "ICC forms Olympic Working Group to prepare bid for Los Angeles 2028 inclusion". Inside the Games. August 10, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  43. ^ "IOC to add three sports to Los Angeles 2028 programme". Inside the Games. December 9, 2021. Retrieved December 16, 2021.
  44. ^ a b Ingle, Sean (May 22, 2019). "Aiba stripped of right to run boxing tournament at Tokyo Olympics". The Guardian. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
  45. ^ a b Church, Ben. "Modern Pentathlon removes horse riding from competition after Tokyo 2020 incident". CNN. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
  46. ^ Wharton, David (December 9, 2021). "Olympic officials look to continue surfing and skateboarding at 2028 L.A. Games". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  47. ^ "Cricket makes Olympic powerplay and joins crowded race for LA28 inclusion". Inside the Games. August 12, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
  48. ^ "WBSC adopts strategy for bid to play baseball and softball at Los Angeles 2028 Olympics". Inside the Games. July 1, 2021. Retrieved July 20, 2021.
  49. ^ "ICC to push for cricket's inclusion in the 2028 Olympics". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
  50. ^ "Officials looking to include cricket in 2028 Los Angeles Olympics - MCC". Reuters. August 12, 2019. Retrieved November 22, 2020.
  51. ^ "EXCLUSIVE Olympics-NFL looks to score touchdown with Olympic flag football". Reuters. April 27, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2021.
  52. ^ Wharton, David (January 16, 2017). "L.A. organizers propose linked, simultaneous Olympic ceremonies for Coliseum, Inglewood stadium". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 16, 2017. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
  53. ^ a b "L.A. 2028 unveils dynamic Olympics logo, updated by athletes and celeb creators". adage.com. September 1, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
  54. ^ a b "Athletes, artists and celebrities create unique logos for the 2028 L.A. Olympics". Los Angeles Times. September 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
  55. ^ a b Juliano, Michael. "Meet L.A.'s 35 different logos for the 2028 Olympic and Paralympic Games". Time Out Los Angeles.
  56. ^ "Celebrities, Artists, Athletes Contribute To Animated Logo For 2028 LA Olympics". CBS Los Angeles. September 1, 2020. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
  57. ^ Patten, Dominic (September 1, 2020). "Reese Witherspoon, Lilly Singh & Billie Eilish Among LA28 Logo High-Profile Collaborators For Casey Wasserman-Run Games". Deadline.
  58. ^ a b "IOC awards Olympic Games broadcast rights to NBCUniversal through to 2032". International Olympic Committee. May 7, 2014. Archived from the original on June 30, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  59. ^ "LA 2028 and NBCUniversal partner for Olympic sponsorship sales". SportsPro. April 17, 2019. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  60. ^ Hayes, Dade (March 15, 2021). "Comcast Strengthens Olympic And Paralympic Ties, Setting Founding Partnership With LA 2028 Games". Deadline. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
  61. ^ "IOC reaches agreement for broadcast rights in Brazil with Grupo Globo through to 2032". International Olympic Committee. Olympic.org. December 10, 2015. Archived from the original on December 13, 2015. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  62. ^ "IOC awards 2026-2032 broadcast rights in China". International Olympic Committee. September 9, 2021. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
  63. ^ "IOC awards broadcast rights to the Japan Consortium through to 2032". IOC. Olympic.org. November 14, 2019. Archived from the original on November 14, 2019. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
  64. ^ a b "IOC awards 2026-2032 Olympic Games broadcast rights in Korea to JTBC". International Olympic Committee. Olympic.org. June 4, 2019. Archived from the original on June 4, 2019. Retrieved June 4, 2019.

External links[]

Candidature files[]

Summer Olympics
Preceded by XXXIV Olympiad
Los Angeles
2028 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from ""