Kepler-16

Kepler-16 A/B
	; An artist's rendering of the Kepler-16 system, showing the binary star being orbited by Kepler-16b.; Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Observation data; Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
Constellation	Cygnus
Right ascension	19h 16m 18.1759s
Declination	+51° 45′ 26.778″
Characteristics
Spectral type	K / M
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ)	RA: 14.041±0.054 mas/yr ; Dec.: −48.601±0.051 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	13.2893 ± 0.0271 mas
Distance	245.4 ± 0.5 ly ; (75.2 ± 0.2 pc)
Orbit
Primary	Kepler-16A
Companion	Kepler-16B
Period (P)	41.079220 (± 0.000078) d
Semi-major axis (a)	0.22431 (± 0.00035) AU
Eccentricity (e)	0.15944 (± 0.00062)
Inclination (i)	90.30401 (± 0.0019)°
Longitude of the node (Ω)	0°
Periastron epoch (T)	BJD 2455212.12316
Argument of periastron (ω); (secondary)	263.464 (± 0.027)°
Details
Kepler-16A
Mass	0.6897 (± 0.0035) M☉
Radius	0.6489 (± 0.0013) R☉
Luminosity	0.148 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)	4.6527 (± 0.0017) cgs
Temperature	4450 (± 150) K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	-0.3 (± 0.2) dex
Rotation	35.1 ± 1.0 days
Kepler-16B
Mass	0.20255 (± 0.00065) M☉
Radius	0.22623 (± 0.00059) R☉
Luminosity	~0.0057 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)	5.0358 (± 0.0017) cgs
Temperature	~3311 K
Other designations
	Gaia DR2 2133476355197071616, KOI-1611, KIC 12644769, GSC 03554-01147, 2MASS J19161817+5145267
Database references
SIMBAD	data
KIC	data

Kepler-16 is an eclipsing binary star system in the constellation of Cygnus^[7] that was targeted by the Kepler spacecraft. Both stars are smaller than the Sun; the primary, Kepler-16A, is a K-type main-sequence star and the secondary, Kepler-16B, is an M-type red dwarf. They are separated by 0.22 AU, and complete an orbit around a common center of mass every 41 days.

The Kepler-16 system.

The system is host to one known extrasolar planet in circumbinary orbit: the Saturn-sized Kepler-16b.

Planetary system[]

Kepler-16b is a gas giant that orbits the two stars in the Kepler-16 system.^[3] The planet is a third of Jupiter's mass and slightly smaller than Saturn at 0.7538 Jupiter radii, but is more dense. Kepler-16b completes a nearly circular orbit every 228.776 days.

The Kepler-16 planetary system^[8]
Companion (in order from star)	Mass	Semimajor axis (AU)	Orbital period (days)	Eccentricity	Inclination	Radius
b	0.333 M_J	0.7048	228.776	0.0069	90.032°	0.7538 R_J

References[]

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia Data Release 2 catalog entry
^ Jean Schneider (2011). "Notes for star Kepler-16 (AB)". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 23 September 2011.
^ ^a ^b Doyle, Laurance R.; Carter, Joshua A.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Slawson, Robert W.; Howell, Steve B.; Winn, Joshua N.; Orosz, Jerome A.; Prša, Andrej; Welsh, William F.; et al. (2011). "Kepler-16: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet". Science. 333 (6049): 1602–6. arXiv:1109.3432. Bibcode:2011Sci...333.1602D. doi:10.1126/science.1210923. PMID 21921192. S2CID 206536332.
^ ^a ^b ^c Haghighipour, Nader; Kaltenegger, Lisa (24 October 2013). "Calculating the Habitable Zone of Binary Star Systems. II. P-type Binaries". The Astrophysical Journal. 777 (2): 13. arXiv:1306.2890. Bibcode:2013ApJ...777..166H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/777/2/166. S2CID 118494204.
^ Winn, Joshua N.; et al. (2011). "Spin-Orbit Alignment for the Circumbinary Planet Host Kepler-16 A". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 741 (1). L1. arXiv:1109.3198. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741L...1W. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/741/1/L1.
^ "Kepler-16". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2020-08-09.
^ Drake, Nadia. "On Kepler-16b, shadows come in pairs". Science News. Society for Science & the Public. Archived from the original on 28 August 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
^ Jean Schneider (2011). "Notes for Planet Kepler-16 (AB) b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2011.

Coordinates: 19^h 16^m 18.17^s, +51° 45′ 26.78″

[Gaia_DR2-1] Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. Gaia Data Release 2 catalog entry

[EPEstar-2] Jean Schneider (2011). "Notes for star Kepler-16 (AB)". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 23 September 2011.

[discovery_article-3] Doyle, Laurance R.; Carter, Joshua A.; Fabrycky, Daniel C.; Slawson, Robert W.; Howell, Steve B.; Winn, Joshua N.; Orosz, Jerome A.; Prša, Andrej; Welsh, William F.; et al. (2011). "Kepler-16: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet". Science. 333 (6049): 1602–6. arXiv:1109.3432. Bibcode:2011Sci...333.1602D. doi:10.1126/science.1210923. PMID 21921192. S2CID 206536332.

[Haghighipour2013-4] Haghighipour, Nader; Kaltenegger, Lisa (24 October 2013). "Calculating the Habitable Zone of Binary Star Systems. II. P-type Binaries". The Astrophysical Journal. 777 (2): 13. arXiv:1306.2890. Bibcode:2013ApJ...777..166H. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/777/2/166. S2CID 118494204.

[Winn2011-5] Winn, Joshua N.; et al. (2011). "Spin-Orbit Alignment for the Circumbinary Planet Host Kepler-16 A". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 741 (1). L1. arXiv:1109.3198. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741L...1W. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/741/1/L1.

[Simbad-6] "Kepler-16". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2020-08-09.

[scienceNews-7] Drake, Nadia. "On Kepler-16b, shadows come in pairs". Science News. Society for Science & the Public. Archived from the original on 28 August 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2011.

[EPEplanet-8] Jean Schneider (2011). "Notes for Planet Kepler-16 (AB) b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 23 September 2011.

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Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
An artist's rendering of the Kepler-16 system, showing the binary star being orbited by Kepler-16b. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech
Constellation	Cygnus
Right ascension	19^h 16^m 18.1759^s^[1]
Declination	+51° 45′ 26.778″^[1]
Characteristics
Spectral type	K / M^[2]
Astrometry

Proper motion (μ)	RA: 14.041±0.054^[1] mas/yr Dec.: −48.601±0.051^[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)	13.2893 ± 0.0271^[1] mas
Distance	245.4 ± 0.5 ly (75.2 ± 0.2 pc)

Orbit^[3]
Primary	Kepler-16A
Companion	Kepler-16B
Period (P)	41.079220 (± 0.000078) d
Semi-major axis (a)	0.22431 (± 0.00035) AU
Eccentricity (e)	0.15944 (± 0.00062)
Inclination (i)	90.30401 (± 0.0019)°
Longitude of the node (Ω)	0°
Periastron epoch (T)	BJD 2455212.12316
Argument of periastron (ω) (secondary)	263.464 (± 0.027)°
Details
Kepler-16A
Mass	0.6897 (± 0.0035) `M`_☉
Radius	0.6489 (± 0.0013) `R`_☉
Luminosity	0.148^[4] `L`_☉
Surface gravity (log g)	4.6527 (± 0.0017) cgs
Temperature	4450 (± 150) K
Metallicity [Fe/H]	-0.3 (± 0.2) dex
Rotation	35.1 ± 1.0 days^[5]
Kepler-16B
Mass	0.20255 (± 0.00065) `M`_☉
Radius	0.22623 (± 0.00059) `R`_☉
Luminosity	~0.0057^[4] `L`_☉
Surface gravity (log g)	5.0358 (± 0.0017) cgs
Temperature	~3311^[4] K
Other designations
Gaia DR2 2133476355197071616, KOI-1611, KIC 12644769, GSC 03554-01147, 2MASS J19161817+5145267^[6]
Database references
SIMBAD	data
KIC	data