Kobo (woreda)

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Raya Kobo
ራያ ቆቦ
Woreda
Flag of Raya Kobo
Flag
ZoneSemien Wollo
RegionAmhara Region
Area
[1]
 • Total2,001.57 km2 (772.81 sq mi)
Population
 (2012 est.)
 • Total244,046 [1]

Kobo or Raya Kobo (Amharic: ራያ ቆቦ) is a woreda in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. Located in the northeast corner of the Semien Wollo Zone, Kobo is bordered on the south by the Logiya River which separates it from Habru and Guba Lafto, on the west by Gidan, on the north by Tigray Region, and on the east by the Afar Region. Towns in Kobo include , Kobo and Robit (Kobo Robit).

Overview[]

The landscape of this woreda is characterized by a broad fertile plain which is separated from the lowlands of the Afar Region by the Zobil mountains, which are over 2000 meters high. In general, the altitude of Kobo ranges from 1100 meters on the plains to slightly more than 3000 meters above sea level along the border with Gidan.[2] Kobo, as well as the other seven rural woredas of this Zone, has been grouped amongst the 48 woredas identified as the most drought prone and food insecure in the Amhara Region.[3] To combat increasing droughts and improve crop yields, two irrigation projects have been undertaken in this woreda by the Commission for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Rehabilitation in the Amhara Region and the NGO Lutheran World Federation, affecting 302 hectares and benefiting 1,017 households.[4]

The northern part of Kobo woreda is traversed from west to southeast by Hormat River. The river passes south of Zobil Mountains.

The woreda Agriculture and Rural Development Office announced 8 April 2007 that it was starting a program to improve the livelihood of woreda inhabitants, affecting 53,000 farmers. This would use 23.3 million birr of Regional funds to develop basin and degraded mountains, construct all weather roads and irrigation diversion canals, improve springs as well as various "water harvesting structures". A similar program initiated a few years previously led to a decline in the number of farmers migrating to the Afar Region, Djibouti and Sudan.[5]

In December 2008, construction on a 2.5 kilometer flood wall was completed, which would protect hundreds of hectares of farmland from frequent flooding by the Dikalla river.[6]

History[]

Air raids during the civil war of the 1980s[]

During the Ethiopian Civil War, the town of Gobiye in Kobo woreda was bombed repeatedly from the air by the Ethiopian National Defence Forces:[7]

  • On 9 September 1989: 1 killed
  • On 10 September 1989: 21 killed, 100 wounded (market day)

2021 Zobel incident[]

During the Tigray War, the Amhara Regional authorities reported that the Tigray Defence Forces (TDF) killed 600 civilians in Zobel (Kobo woreda).[8] On the days before, on 15 September, the Ethiopian “Walta television” had shown and interviewed groups of light-armed militiamen in the hills at the east of Kobo, threatening the vital North-South road across the central Ethiopian highlands.[9]

Demographics[]

The population comprises several ethnic groups: (1) Amhara, (2) Tigraians, (3) Oromo form an ancient population group in the Raya graben that has been partly assimilated to the surrounding Amhara and Tigraians – the language is not anymore used on a daily basis; they live in dispersed villages east of Kobo and on the Zobel mountains, (4) Afar share settlements on the mountains east of Raya.[10] The Amhara, Tigraians and Raya Oromo are mainly engaged in smallholder agriculture, often using spate irrigation with floods from the escarpment. In recent years they have started dry season irrigation agriculture, stimulated by government-established groundwater pumps and by mimicking commercial farms that have been attracted. Settlements are mainly along roads and iron roofed. Amhara and Tigraians are dominantly Orthodox Christians, though some villages follow Islam.[10] The nearby Afar pastoralists practice transhumance, during drought periods, to remote areas, including to this woreda. Movements to the uplands allow the Afar pastoralists to herd their livestock on denser vegetation as well as on standing stubble of croplands.[10]

Based on the 2007 national census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), this woreda has a total population of 221,958, an increase of 26.43% over the 1994 census, of whom 111,605 are men and 110,353 women; 33,142 or 14.93% are urban inhabitants. With an area of 2,001.57 square kilometers, Kobo has a population density of 110.89, which is less than the Zone average of 123.25 persons per square kilometer. A total of 54,466 households were counted in this woreda, resulting in an average of 4.08 persons to a household, and 52,108 housing units. The majority of the inhabitants practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, with 82.88% reporting that as their religion, while 16.5% of the population said they were Muslim.[11]

The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 175,558 in 37,031 households, of whom 87,636 were men and 87,922 were women; 28,706 or 16.35% of its population were urban dwellers. The two largest ethnic groups reported in Kobo were the Amhara (98.63%), and the Tigrayan (1.26%); all other ethnic groups made up 0.11% of the population. Amharic was spoken as a first language by 98.45%, and Tigrinya was spoken by 1.47%; the remaining 0.08% spoke all other primary languages reported. The majority of the population practiced Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity with 83.2% reported to profess this belief, while 16.72% of the population said they were Muslim.[12]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Geohive: Ethiopia Archived 2012-08-05 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Svein Ege, "North Wälo 1:100,000. Topographic and administrative map of North Wälo Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia" Archived 2011-07-18 at the Wayback Machine. Trondheim, NTNU, 2002
  3. ^ Seid Yassin, "Small-Scale Irrigation and Household Food Security: A Case Study of Three Irrigation Schemes in Gubalafto Woreda of North Wollo Zone, Amhara Region" Archived 2011-07-20 at the Wayback Machine, Master's Thesis, Graduate School of the University of Addis Ababa (June 2002), p. 35
  4. ^ Seid Yassin, "Small-Scale Irrigation", p. 42
  5. ^ "Woreda implementing over 23mln birr food security projects" (Walta Information Center)
  6. ^ "Flood wall worth over 6 mln Birr constructed" Archived 2009-02-12 at the Wayback Machine, Ethiopian News Agency (accessed 29 April 2009)
  7. ^ Human Rights Watch, 24 July 1991: ETHIOPIA - "Mengistu has Decided to Burn Us like Wood" - Bombing of Civilians and Civilian Targets by the Air Force
  8. ^ Voice of America (Amharic), 20 September 2022: ቆቦ ውስጥ ስድስት መቶ ሰው እንደተገደለ ነዋሪዎች ተናገሩ
  9. ^ Walta TV, 15 September 2021: በራያ ቆቦ የወጣቶችና ሚሊሻዎች ተጋድሎ
  10. ^ Jump up to: a b c Nyssen, J. and colleagues (2019). At the edge between Ethiopian plateau and Rift Valley. In: Nyssen, J., Biadgilgn Demissie, Tesfaalem Ghebreyohannes (eds.). Land, water, people and landscapes in north Ethiopia’s grabens, pp. 48-54. VLIR-UOS, Mekelle University, Ghent University, KU Leuven. ISBN 9789082922226.
  11. ^ Census 2007 Tables: Amhara Region Archived 2010-11-14 at the Wayback Machine, Tables 2.1, 2.4, 2.5, 3.1, 3.2 and 3.4.
  12. ^ 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Amhara Region, Vol. 1, part 1 Archived 2010-11-15 at the Wayback Machine, Tables 2.1, 2.7, 2.10, 2.13, 2.17, Annex II.2 (accessed 9 April 2009)

Coordinates: 12°08′N 39°39′E / 12.133°N 39.650°E / 12.133; 39.650

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