Kudumi Mahato

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Kudumi Mahato
Mahto, Kudmi
LanguagesNative language- Kudmali
Secondary language- Hindi, Odia, Bengali
CountryIndia
Populated statesJharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Assam
StatusOBC

The Kudmi are a community in the states of Jharkhand, West Bengal and Odisha of India. They are also known as Kudmi, Kurmi Mahto/Mahato or Kudumi Mohanta/Mahanta.[1]

Official classification[]

The Kudmi were classified as a Notified Tribe by the British Raj under the terms of the Indian Succession Act introduced in 1865 as they have customary rules of succession.[2][citation needed] Subsequently, in 1913, they were classified as a Primitive tribe. Then they were omitted from the list of communities listed as tribes in the 1931 census.[3] Again, they were omitted from the Scheduled Tribe list drawn up in 1950. In 2004, the Government of Jharkhand recommended that they should be listed as a Scheduled Tribe rather than Other Backward Class.[4] The Tribal Research Institute of Government of India recommended against this proposal, claiming they are a sub-caste of the Kunbi[citation needed] and thus different to tribal people. Therefore, In 2015, the Government of India refused to approve the recommendation of Jharkhand government to list the Kudumi Mahato as Schedule Tribe. They are included in the list of Other Backward Class in the States of Jharkhand, West Bengal and Odisha.[5][6]

Culture[]

The traditional occupation of Kudmi is agriculture. The language of Kudmi is Kurmali. The Kudmis are divided into six divisions. Paribar (family) is the smallest unit. A group of Paribar of same Gusti (clan) living in a place is known as Bakhal/Bakhair (unilineage settlement). The members of some Paribars or Bakhai settled in a locality is known as Kulhi. A group of Kulhi with a separate geographical area, burial ground, agricultural field, grazing land and Akhra forms a Gram (village). Traditionally, a village headman is known as Mahato. A group of twelve village form a Paragan headed by Paraganaif who solves all the inter village dispute. A group of Paragans forms a Thapal controlled by Deshmandal.

Kudmi are divided into 81 clans called Gusti. Shivratri, Tussu, chadak puja,Jitia, Karam, Bandna are the major festival of Kudmi. They worship Gramadevata at gramthan, Lord Shiva (Budhababa),Maa Manasa. Jhumar and Chhau are their folk dance.[7][8][9]

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Kudumi Mahatos in India joshuaproject.net. Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  2. ^ "Inheritance Law of Kurmi Mahto of Chotanagpur and Orissa". The Tribes and castes of Bengal by Risley Herbert Hope.
  3. ^ Lalan Tiwari (1995). Issues in Indian Politics. Mittal. p. 340. ISBN 9788170996187.
  4. ^ Deogharia, Jaideep (25 November 2004). "Cabinet recommends inclusion of Kurmis in ST list". The Times of India. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  5. ^ "Kurmis in tribal status cry". telegraphindia.
  6. ^ "कुरमी को ST का दर्जा तभी, जब TRI अनुशंसा करे, लेकिन रिसर्च वाला ही ���ोई नहीं है". www.bhaskar.com.
  7. ^ Bera, Gautam Kumar (2008). The Unrest Axle: Ethno-social Movements in Eastern India. ISBN 9788183241458.
  8. ^ Paty, Chittaranjan Kumar (2007). Forest, Government, and Tribe. ISBN 9788180694066.
  9. ^ "Bandana Festival Of Kudmis Of Eastern India". www.etribaltribune.com.
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