Kurmali language

Kurmali
Kurmali
Panchpargania
কুড়মালি, कुड़माली, कुड़मालि, କୁଡ଼ମାଲି
Native to	India
Region	Assam, Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal
Native speakers	556,089 (2011 census); Census results conflate some speakers with Bengali, Odia and Hindi.[citation needed]
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Eastern Bihari Kurmali; ; ; ; ;
Writing system	Devanagari, Bengali, Odia, Chisoi
Official status
Official language in	India Jharkhand (additional); West Bengal (additional);
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either:; kyw – Kurmali; tdb – Panchpargania
Glottolog	kudm1238 Kudmali; panc1246 Panchpargania
	Kurmali-speaking region of India

Kurmali (Devanagari: कुड़मालि, Bengali: কুর্মালী, কুড়মালি, Odia: କୁଡ଼ମାଲି / କୁର୍ମାଲି, kur(a)mālī) is an Indo-Aryan language classified under Bihari group spoken in eastern India. Kurmali is generally linked to the Kudumi Mahato (also known as Kurmi, Mahanta or Mohanta) community of Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, and West Bengal. Kurmali is also spoken by the Kudumi people of Assam, and was brought to the tea gardens from Bihar, Odisha and West Bengal.^[1] Intellectuals claim that Kurmali may be the nearest form of language used in Charyapada.^[3] As a trade dialect, it is known as Panchpargania (Bengali:পঞ্চপরগনিয়া), for the "five districts" of the region it covers, or Tamaria.

Geographical distribution[]

Kurmali language is spoken in south-east Jharkhand in Seraikela Kharswan, East Singhbhum, West Singhbhum and Ranchi districts; north-eastern Odisha in Mayurbhanj, Kendujhar, Jajpur and Sundargarh district; and in western West Bengal in Purulia, Bankura, Jhargram and Paschim Medinipur districts.

Alternate names[]

Names for the language include Bedia (from the Bedia caste), Dharua, Khotta, Pan Sawasi, Tanti, Tair, and Chik Baraik.

Kurumali sub dialect of Mayurbhanja state[]

Kurumali sub dialect of Mayurbhanja state agrees very closely with the Kurmali Thar of Manbhum.^[4]

Trade language[]

Panchpargania is the common language for communication for Bundu, Tamar, Silli, Sonahatu, Arki & Angara blocks of Ranchi district of Jharkhand state.

References[]

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "Kudmali". Ethnologue. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
^ "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011" (PDF). www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.
^ Basu, Sajal (1994). Jharkhand movement: ethnicity and culture of silence – Sajal Basu – Google Books. ISBN 9788185952154. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
^ Grierson, George Abraham (1928). "Linguistic Survey of India". Nature. 121 (3055): 173. Bibcode:1928Natur.121..783T. doi:10.1038/121783a0. S2CID 4079658.

[Ethnologue-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b "Kudmali". Ethnologue. Retrieved 18 May 2019.

[2] "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2011" (PDF). www.censusindia.gov.in. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 7 July 2018.

[3] Basu, Sajal (1994). Jharkhand movement: ethnicity and culture of silence – Sajal Basu – Google Books. ISBN 9788185952154. Retrieved 25 August 2012.

[4] Grierson, George Abraham (1928). "Linguistic Survey of India". Nature. 121 (3055): 173. Bibcode:1928Natur.121..783T. doi:10.1038/121783a0. S2CID 4079658.

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