Gujari language

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Not to be confused with Gujarati language.
"Gujari" redirects here. For the raga, see Gujari Raga.

Gurjari
Gojri, Gurjari
गुर्जरी, گُوجَری
Gojari.png
Gurjari written in Takri, Nastaliq script (top) and Devanagari (bottom)
Native toIndia, Pakistan, Afghanistan
RegionRajasthan, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Kashmir, upper Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, southeastern Afghanistan
Native speakers
(1 million cited 1992–2000)[1]
Indo-European
  • Indo-Iranian
    • Indo-Aryan
Writing system
Takri, Nastaliq script, Devanagari
Language codes
ISO 639-3gju
Glottologguja1253

Gurjari (गुर्जरी, گُوجَری) - also known as Gujari, Gujri, Gojari, or Gojri - is a variety of Indo-Aryan spoken by the Gurjars and other tribes of India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.[2][3]

The language is mainly spoken in Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, Delhi and other parts of India. The government of Jammu and Kashmir has recognized Gujari by including it in the sixth schedule of the state constitution.[4]

The language is understood by Gujjars across Pakistan and spoken in upper or hilly areas including Hazara Division, Malakand Division, Peshawar Division, Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan. In Pakistan, a number of organisations and institutions work for the development of Gujari, including a Gujari language news channel.

It is spoken in two provinces in southeastern Afghanistan.

Literary traditions[]

Gujari folklore is very large, including songs, ballads and folktales, known as Dastans. Hundreds of folk songs have been recorded and published, including "Nooro", "Tajo", "Nura Beguma", "Shupiya", "Kunjhdi", "Mariyan".[5]

A modern tradition of creative writing encompasses poets such as Sain Qadar Bakhsh, Noon Poonchi, and others. Others such as Mian Nizam ud Din, Khuda Bakhsh Zar, Zabih Rajourvi, Shams ud Din Mehjoor Poonchi, Mian Bashir Ahmed, Javaid Rahi , Rafiq Anjum, Milki Ram Kushan, Sarwari Kassana, Naseem Poonchi have also made remarkable contributions to Gujari through poetry, prose and criticism.

Institutions and media[]

All India Radio and Doordarshan Kendra run various Gujari programmes. Radio Kashmir Jammu, Srinagar, Poonch in India and seven Radio Stations of Pakistan and PTV air Gujari programmes and news bulletins accepted across Jammu and Kashmir. Books have been published in Gujari, including encyclopedias, poetry, fiction and non-fiction, on topics including dictionaries, grammars, nature, folklore, art and architecture, agriculture, sociology and research.[6]

The National Academy of Letters, Sahitya Akademi, recognized Gujari as one of the major Indian languages for its National Award, Bhasha Samman, and other programmes. The Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Arts, Culture and Languages established a Gujari Department in its Central Office in the 1970s and published in Gujari. They organized seminars, conferences, etc. for the development of the Gujari Language. Jammu and Kashmir State Board of School Education made curriculum in Gujari up to Middle Standard for teaching Gujari in schools. The University of Jammu Council approved the opening of Gojri Research Centre in Jammu and University of Kashmir that have been awarded doctorate degrees on completing research projects on the language. In Pakistan administered Kashmir, the Gujari Academy has been established and postgraduate studies departments were set up in various universities and regional research centers.

Revival[]

In lower or plain areas of Pakistan, Gujjars have a major concentration in districts like Islamabad, Attock, Rawalpindi, Chakwal, Jhelum, Gujrat, Sialkot, Narowal, Gujranwala, Sargodha, Faisalabad, Sheikhupura, Lahore and Layyah. However, due to the revolution of time, the majority of them have forgotten or stopped speaking Gujrai. Gojri Bahali Programme (Gojri Revival Programme) has been launched in these areas to encourage Gujjars to restart speaking Gujari. Though this programme has a particular focus on these areas, it extends to the whole of Pakistan. Under this programme, Gujjars are being persuaded to readopt Gujari as their mother language. They are also being asked to mention it in the mother language column of various forms at educational institutions; when applying for computerised national identity card; and while filling out their particulars when seeking employment. Under this programme, the federal government will be asked to add Gujari in the mother language column of the population census. Similarly, the University of Gujrat will be asked to set up Gojri Department. The programme is the initiative of Muhammad Afsar Khan, a Kundoana Gujjar from Chakdina village in Gujrat district. Gujjars are a branch of Khatana Gujjars and trace their descent from Kundo, a famous Gujjar who lived during the reign of Mughal King Akbar or immediately before him in Gujrat district. His grave survives to date in Makiana village in Gujrat tehsil.[7]

Some important Gujari Books[]

Dictionaries : [8]


Books / Author/ Javaid Rahi[9]

  • Lok-Virso – (Research )Awarded by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages(1999)
  • Jammu Kashmir ke Qabaila-aur-unki Zubanein ((Research /Urdu) –(2010)
  • Gujjar Tribe of Jammu and Kashmir (Research English) (2015)
  • Gujjar Shanakhat Ka Safar (History and Culture Urdu-2005)
  • Gojri Lok Geet -2018
  • Gujjar Aur Gojri (2004)
  • Gujjar Tarekh (2009)
  • Tagore ki Chunam Shairi (2011) Published by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages
  • Gojri Grammer (2012) Published by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages
  • Qadeem Gojri Lughat (2013) Published by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages
  • The Gujjar Tribe of J&K (2012) Published by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages
  • The Gujjars vol 1 to 6 (2013–16) Published by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages
  • The Gujjars Tribe of Jammu and Kashmir Research Book

Gujari journals[]

Published by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages[10][11]

  • Sheeraza Gojri-Bi-Monthly
  • Maharo Adab Gojri
  • Shingran Ka Geet
  • Gojri Ka Lal
  • Qadawar
  • Paneeri
  • Gojri Look Geet
  • Gojri Look Kahani
  • Gujjar Aur Gojri
  • Gojri Zaban-o-Adab

GOJRI BOOKS Published by NGOs

  • Akhan Gojri Quotations JK Gojri Anjuman 2004 Edited by Dr. Rafeeq Anjum
  • Gojri Kahawat Kosh Gojri Quotations JK Gojri Anjuman 2004 Edited; by Dr. Rafeeq Anjum
  • Anjum Shanasi Biography JK Gojri Anjuman 2007 Edited
  • Sajra Phull ( Hakeem) Selected poetry JK Gojri Anjuman 2007, Edited
  • Peehng (Mukhlis) Selected poetry JK Gojri Anjuman 2007, Edited by Dr. Rafeeq Anjum
  • GOJRI BOOKS Published by BAZM E ADAB KALAKOTE
  • SAJAR BOOT – book series

References[]

  1. ^ Gurjari at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
  2. ^ Gojri And Its Relationship With Rajasthani, Etc.
  3. ^ Dr. R.P. Khatana. "Gujari Language and Identity in Jammu and Kashmir". Kashmir News Network: Language Section (koshur.org). Retrieved 31 May 2007.
  4. ^ In Jammu and Kashmir, Gujari is written right-to-left in an extension of the Persian alphabet, which is itself an extension of the Arabic alphabet. Gujari is associated with the Nastaʿlīq style of Persian calligraphy - http://jktribals.page.tl/Gojri-Language.htm, http://www.merinews.com/article/writers-in-jk-seek-constitutional-safeguards-for-gojri/129813.shtml
  5. ^ Rahi, Dr Javaid. "The GUJJARS -Vol : 01 a Book on History and Culture of Gujjar Tribe : Ed Javaid Rahi". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. ^ "Give more airtime to Gojri programmes, urge Gujjars".
  7. ^ "Gojri: The language that's spoken but rarely read". 21 July 2018.
  8. ^ "Of a Gujjar Scholar and Social activist". Daily Excelsior. 18 October 2020.
  9. ^ "Life Story: Javaid Rahi, cultural activist, writer". The Dispatch. 14 July 2021.
  10. ^ "Gojri Books of Javaid Rahi published by Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages". viaf.org.
  11. ^ "Why I Gurjar Desh Charitable Trust Jammu -Gojri Books by Dr Javaid Rahi". viaf.org.
  • 1992: Rensch, Calvin R., Hindko and Gujari - National Institute of Pakistani Studies, 305 pp. ISBN 969-8023-13-5.
  • 2012: Javaid Rahi , The Gujjar Tribe of Jammu & Kashmir -Gulshan Books , Srinagar J&K 190001, 305 pp. ISBN -13|8183391030.

External links[]

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