Lao People's Armed Forces
Lao People's Armed Forces | |
---|---|
Founded | 20 January 1949 |
Service branches | (includes Lao People's Navy) Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force[1] |
Headquarters | Vientiane |
Leadership | |
Commander-in-Chief | President and General Secretary Thongloun Sisoulith |
General | |
Chief of Staff | Lieutenant general Suvon Luongbunmi |
Manpower | |
Military age | 18 years of age for compulsory military service |
Conscription | minimum 18 months |
Available for military service | 1,500,625 males, age 15–49 (2005 est.), 1,521,116 females, age 15–49 (2005 est.) |
Fit for military service | 954,816 males, age 15–49 (2005 est.), 1,006,082 females, age 15–49 (2005 est.) |
Reaching military age annually | (2005 est.) |
Active personnel | 30,000 100,000 Paramilitary |
Expenditures | |
Budget | $18.5 million (2019) |
Percent of GDP | 0.5% (2006) |
Industry | |
Foreign suppliers | Vietnam Russia Cuba North Korea China Mongolia France India Pakistan Soviet Union East Germany |
Related articles | |
History | First Indochinese War Laotian Civil War |
Ranks | Military ranks of Laos |
The Lao People's Armed Forces (LPAF; Lao: ກອງທັບປະຊາຊົນລາວ) is the armed forces of the Lao People's Democratic Republic and the institution of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, who are charged with protecting the country.
Leadership[]
- Commander-in-chief: Thongloun Sisoulith (General Secretary and President)
- Defense Minister: General
- Chief of General Staff: Lieutenant General Suvon Luongbunmi
Active forces[]
The army of 29,100 is equipped with 30 main battle tanks. The army marine section, equipped with 16 patrol craft, has 600 personnel. The air force, with 3,500 personnel, is equipped with anti-aircraft missiles and 24 combat aircraft (no longer in service).
Militia self-defence forces number approximately 100,000 organised for local defence. The small arms utilised mostly by the Laotian Army are the Soviet AKM assault rifle, PKM machine gun, Makarov PM pistol, and the RPD light machine gun.
History[]
Until 1975, the Royal Lao Armed Forces were the armed forces of the Kingdom of Laos.
Serving one of the world's least developed countries, the Lao People's Armed Forces (LPAF) is small, poorly funded, and ineffectively resourced. Its mission focus is border and internal security, primarily in internal suppression of Laotian dissident and opposition groups.[1]
This includes the suppression of the 1999 Lao Students Movement of Democracy demonstrations in Vientiane, and in countering ethnic Hmong insurgent groups and other groups of Laotian and Hmong people opposing the one-party Marxist-Leninist LPRP government and the support it receives from the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.[1]
Together with the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the government, the Lao People's Army (LPA) is the third pillar of state machinery, and as such is expected to suppress political and civil unrest and similar national emergencies faced by the government in Vientiane. The LPA also has reportedly upgraded skills to respond to avian influenza outbreaks. At present, there is no major perceived external threat to the state and the LPA maintains very strong ties with the neighbouring Vietnamese military (2008).[1]
According to some journalists, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), humanitarian and human rights organisations, the Lao People's Army has repeatedly engaged in egregious human rights violations and the practice of corruption in Laos.[2][3] The LPAF and its military intelligence play a major role in the arrest, imprisonment and torture of foreign prisoners in Vientiane's notorious Phonthong Prison and the communist Lao gulag system where Australians Kerry and Kay Danes were imprisoned and where civic activist Sombath Somphone may be imprisoned following his arrest in December 2012.[4]
In 2013, attacks by the Lao People's Army against the Hmong people intensified, with soldiers killing four unarmed Hmong school teachers in addition to engaging in other human rights abuses according to the Lao Human Rights Council, the Centre for Public Policy Analysis and others.[5]
Equipment[]
Tanks, armored vehicles and trucks[]
Photo | Model | Type | Origin | Quantity | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tanks | ||||||
T-72B1 | Main battle tank | Russia | 20[6] | |||
T-54/55 | Main battle tank | Soviet Union | 85[7] | |||
PT-76 | Light tank | Soviet Union | 25[8] | 30 were in service in 1996.[9] Currently 25 are in service. | ||
APC/IFV | ||||||
BTR-60PB | Armored personnel carrier | Soviet Union | 70[10] | Currently 70 are in service. BTR-60s have been seen in service as recently as January 2019 | ||
BTR-152 | Armored personnel carrier | Soviet Union | Unknown | [11] | ||
BTR-40 | Armored personnel carrier | Soviet Union | 10[12] | |||
BRDM-2M | Armoured car | Russia | 20[13] | Upgraded BRDM-2M supplied by Russia in late 2018. At least 10 in service. | ||
Light armoured vehicle/Light assault vehicle | ||||||
Armored personnel carrier | China | Unknown | ||||
Chinese Tiger 4x4 | Infantry mobility vehicle | China | Unknown | |||
CS/VN3 4x4 | Infantry mobility vehicle | China | Unknown | |||
Truck/Utility | ||||||
KrAZ-6322 | Truck | Ukraine | Unknown | |||
Ural-4320 | Medium truck | Soviet Union | Unknown | |||
GAZ-3308 | Medium truck | Russia | Unknown | |||
FAW Jiefang 141 | Medium truck | China | Unknown | |||
Ural-43206 | Light truck | Soviet Union | Unknown | |||
GAZ-66 | Platform truck | Soviet Union | Unknown | |||
BAIC 4x4 vehicles | Military light utility vehicle | China | Unknown | |||
UAZ-469 | Military light utility vehicle | Soviet Union | Unknown | |||
BJ2022JC | Military light utility vehicle | China | Unknown | |||
PTS | Tracked amphibious transport | Soviet Union | Unknown | |||
Shaanxi SX2190 | Launched bridge | China | Unknown | |||
Shaanxi SX2190 | Floating bridge | China | Unknown |
Artillery[]
Photo | Model | Type | Origin | Quantity | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dongfeng CS/SS4 | Self propelled mortar system | China | 14 | ||
SR-5 | Multiple rocket launcher | China | 12 | ||
BM-21 Grad | 122mm multiple rocket launcher | Soviet Union | 32 | ||
BM-14 | Multiple rocket launcher | 20 | |||
2S3 Akatsiya | 152mm self-propelled howitzer | Unknown | |||
122-HL-70 | 122mm self-propelled howitzer | Laos | 18 | ||
PCL-09 | 122mm self-propelled howitzer | China | 12 | ||
M-30 122 mm howitzer | Towed howitzer | Soviet Union | 15[14] | ||
122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)[citation needed] | 20[14] | ||||
130 mm towed field gun M1954 (M-46)[15] | 10[14] | ||||
M114 155 mm howitzer[15] | United States | 12[14] | |||
M101 howitzer | 105mm (towed): M-101[15] | 20[14] | |||
M116 howitzer[15] | 75mm (towed): M-116 pack | 10 |
Air defense[]
Photo | Model | Type | Origin | Quantity | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
S-125 Neva/Pechora | Short-range SAM system | Soviet Union | Unknown | ||
9K35 Strela-10 | Vehicle-mounted SAM system | Soviet Union | Unknown | ||
Surface-to-air missile | China | Unknown | |||
ZSU-23-4 Shilka | Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun | Soviet Union | Unknown | ||
Strela 2 | Surface-to-air missile | Soviet Union | Unknown | ||
37 mm automatic air defence gun M1939 (61-K) | Air defence gun | Unknown | |||
57 mm AZP S-60 | Automatic anti-aircraft gun | Unknown | |||
ZPU | Auto anti-aircraft gun | Unknown | |||
ZU-23-2 | Anti-aircraft gun | Unknown |
Weapons[]
Photo | Model | Type | Caliber | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AK-47 | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm | Soviet Union | ||
9A-91 | Carbine | 9x39mm | Russia | ||
QBZ-95 | Bullpup rifle | 5.8×42mm DBP87 | China | ||
Type 56 | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm | China | ||
Type 81 | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm | China | ||
AMD-65 | Assault rifle | 7.62×39mm | Hungary | ||
Pindad SS2 | Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | Indonesia | ||
IMI Galil ACE | Assault rifle/Battle rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | Israel Vietnam |
Laos received Vietnamese-made Galil ACEs in January 2019. | |
RPD | Light machine gun | 7.62×39mm | Soviet Union |
Mortars[]
- 81mm[19]
- 82mm[19]
- Soviet Union M1938 mortar[19]
- Soviet Union 120mm: M-43[19]
- United States M2 4.2 inch mortar
See also[]
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov.
- ^ Amnesty International, (23 March 2007), "Lao People's Democratic Republic: Hiding in the jungle – Hmong under threat" "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2016.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ The Centre for Public Policy Analysis, CPPA, Washington, D.C. (1 August 2013), http://www.centerforpublicpolicyanalysis.org
- ^ Scoop Independent News, Auckland, New Zealand, (19 March 2013) "Laos Officials Criticized for Obstructing Investigation" http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO1303/S00169/laos-officials-criticized-for-obstructing-investigation.htm
- ^ Businesswire, businesswire.com (4 March 2013) "Laos: Attacks Intensify Against Lao, Hmong People" http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130304006755/en/Laos-Attacks-Intensify-Lao-Hmong-People
- ^ "Russia receives 30 vintage tank from Laos".
- ^ "Trade Registers".
- ^ Foss, Christopher F. (2000). Jane's tank & combat vehicle recognition guide. ISBN 9780004724522.
- ^ Administrator. "PT-76". Pancerni 2. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 15 November 2014.[verification needed]
- ^ Foss, Christopher F. (2000). Jane's tank & combat vehicle recognition guide. ISBN 9780004724522.
- ^ Foss, Christopher F. (2000). Jane's tank & combat vehicle recognition guide. ISBN 9780004724522.
- ^ Foss, Christopher F. (2000). Jane's tank & combat vehicle recognition guide. ISBN 9780004724522.
- ^ Gibson, Neil; Fediushko, Dmitry (22 January 2019). "Laotian military parades Russian- and Chinese-made equipment". Jane's 360. London, Moscow. Archived from the original on 23 January 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2019.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Laos Army Equipment". Global Security. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d John Pike. "Laos Army Equipment". Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ^ Jump up to: a b John Pike. "World Military Guide". Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Laos". Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ^ Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009). ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbooks / Laos / Tables". Retrieved 22 October 2014.
External links[]
- Military of Laos
- 1975 establishments in Laos