Singapore Army

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Singapore Army
Tentera Singapura  (Malay)
新加坡陆军 (Chinese)
சிங்கப்பூர் தரைப்படை (Tamil)
Crest of the Singapore Armed Forces.png
Singapore Armed Forces Crest
Founded12 March 1957; 64 years ago (1957-03-12)
CountrySingapore
TypeArmy
RoleLand warfare
Size45,000 personnel (2020)[1]
Part ofSingapore Armed Forces
Motto(s)Ready, Decisive, Respected
MarchSingapore Infantry Regiment March
Engagements
Commanders
PresidentHalimah Yacob
Minister for DefenceNg Eng Hen
Chief of Defence ForceLieutenant General Melvyn Ong
Chief of ArmyMajor-General Goh Si Hou
Chief of Staff - General StaffBrigadier-General Frederick Choo
Sergeant Major of the ArmyChief Warrant Officer Chua Hock Guan
Insignia
FlagSingapore Army service flag.svg

The Singapore Army is the service of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) tasked with land operations. It is the largest of the three services and primarily a conscript army that in the event of national exigencies or war, morphs itself from peacetime to a war footing by mobilising almost all of its combined combat power by calling up operationally-ready military reservists.

History[]

Two infantry regiments formed the nucleus of the Singapore Army. These were established pre-independence, in anticipation of self-rule following British decolonisation. The First Singapore Infantry Regiment (1 SIR) was formed in 1957, under British auspices. The Second Singapore Infantry Regiment (2 SIR) followed in 1963. After a fraught merger with the Federation of Malaya and subsequent separation in 1965, newly independent Singapore formally established its army by passing the Singapore Army Bill in December 1965.[5]

In 1972, Parliament passed further legislation (the Singapore Armed Forces Act) to reorganise and consolidate the armed forces' disparate commands and administrative functions.[6][7]

The Army celebrated its 60th Anniversary in 2017.

Military Deployments

  • 1991 Gulf War - Singapore joined other countries as part of the coalition that expelled the Iraqi forces out of Kuwait.
  • May 2007 – June 2013, International Security Assistance Force. Deployment of close to 500 personnel including Singapore Army soldiers as part of Singapore's contributions to multinational stabilisation and reconstruction efforts in Afghanistan.[8]
  • 2014–present, Military intervention against ISIL. Logistical support of coalition forces in the ongoing War on Terror.[9]

Mission[]

The stated mission of the Singapore Armed Forces is to deter armed aggression, and to secure a swift and decisive victory should deterrence fail. The Army is also tasked with conducting peace-time operations to further Singapore's national interests and foreign policy. These range from disaster relief to peacekeeping, hostage-rescue and other contingencies.[10]

The Army views technology as a force-multiplier and a means to sustain combat power given Singapore's population constraints. Jointness across three branches of the SAF is integral to the Army's warfighting doctrine. Joint operations undertaken with the Navy and Air Force include amphibious landings and critical disaster relief operations in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake.

The Army has a technically proficient, relatively well-educated draftee pool and officer corps (non-commissioned and commissioned) reflective of the population at large, and has sought to leverage this to ease its transition into a more sophisticated, networked fighting force.[11]

Combat readiness is a linchpin of Army policy, and military exercises up to divisional level are conducted many times yearly, simulating full-spectrum operations, up to and including full-scale war. Divisional war games are a combined arms, tri-service affair involving the Republic of Singapore Navy and Air Force. Because training space is limited in Singapore—artillery fire would quickly traverse the island—some military exercises are conducted overseas. Reservists periodically [12] train abroad, their units regularly evaluated for combat readiness.[11] The Army also trains bilaterally with some host nations, and military exchanges are frequent. Training is billed as "tough, realistic and safe," with a premium on safety, given the sensitivity of military deaths in a largely conscript army.[10]

Following the Revolution in Military Affairs, and in tandem with modernizing its weapons systems, the Army is forging a transition to a more network-centric fighting doctrine that better integrates the Air Force and Navy.[13]

Structure[]

See also: List of serving generals of the Singapore Army
Singapore Army
Flag of the Republic of Singapore
Components
Organisation
History and Traditions
Military history of Singapore
Equipment
Weapons of the Singapore Army
Personnel
Singapore Armed Forces ranks
Singapore Army – major combat units

The Army is headed by the Chief of Army (COA).[14] In the past, the Army was head by the Deputy Chief of the General Staff (Army). Assisting him are the Chief of Staff, General Staff[15] and Commander, TRADOC (Army Training and Doctrine Command).[16] There are six branches of the General Staff (G1-G6), a National Service Affairs Department (G8) dealing with National Service issues, and an Inspectorate. The six branches handle manpower (G1), intelligence (G2), operations (G3), logistics (G4), planning (G5) and training (G6) respectively. Each department is headed by an Assistant Chief of the General Staff (ACGS). Also advising the Chief of Army are the Senior Specialist Staff Officers (SSSOs) of the various formations (Infantry, Guards, Armour, Commandos, Artillery, Combat Engineers, Maintenance & Engineering, Transport, Supply and Signals).[17][18]

Chief of Army[]

The position of Chief of Army is held by Major-General Goh Si Hou while Melvyn Ong promoted to Chief of Defence Force.

List of Chiefs of Army[19] hide
Years in office COA Vocation
1990–1990 Boey Tak Hap [citation needed]
1990–1992 Ng Jui Ping Artillery
1992–1995 Lim Neo Chian Combat Engineers
1995–1998 Han Eng Juan Armour[citation needed]
1998–2000 Lim Chuan Poh Infantry
2000–2003 Ng Yat Chung Artillery
2003–2007 Desmond Kuek Armour
2007–2010 Neo Kian Hong Guards
2010–2011 Chan Chun Sing Infantry
2011–2014 Ravinder Singh Signals
2014–2015 Perry Lim Guards
2015–2018 Melvyn Ong Infantry[20]
2018–present Goh Si Hou Artillery

Combat Arms[]

The Army consists of seven Combat Arms, from which are derived Divisional and Non-divisional units:

These are bolstered by Combat Service Support Units comprising the following:

  • Army Intelligence
  • Army Medical Services
  • Army Maintenance and Engineering Support
  • Army Supply
  • Army Transport
  • Singapore Armed Forces Ammunition Command
  • Personnel Command (PERSCOM)

Divisional and non-divisional assets[]

Combined-Arms Divisions[]

The Army's main organizational components are its Combined-Arms Divisions, of which there are three active:[23] the 3rd, 6th and 9th Divisions.[24] They include both active and reserve units that are operationally ready, all subject to mobilization orders in the event of war.[12]

3rd Singapore Division[]

3rd Singapore Division (motto: "Foremost and Utmost") consists of the following subordinate units:[citation needed]

  • HQ 3rd Singapore Division
  • 3rd Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • 5th Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • 24th Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • 30th Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • 8th Singapore Armoured Brigade
  • 3rd Division Artillery HQ
  • 3rd Division Support Command
  • 30th Battalion, Singapore Combat Engineers
  • 3rd Division Air Defence Artillery Battalion
  • 3rd Signals Battalion
  • 17th Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence (C4I) Battalion

Under the Division-National Cadet Corps (NCC) affiliation scheme, NCC West District is affiliated to the 3rd Division.[citation needed]

6th Singapore Division/Headquarters Sense & Strike[]

6th Singapore Division/Headquarters Sense & Strike (motto: "Swift and Deadly") consists of the following subordinate units:[citation needed]

  • HQ 6th Singapore Division
  • HQ Singapore Artillery
  • 2nd Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • 9th Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • 76th Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • 54th Singapore Armoured Brigade
  • 6th Division Artillery HQ
  • 6th Division Support Command
  • 31st Battalion, Singapore Combat Engineers
  • 6th Division Air Defence Artillery Battalion
  • 6th Signals Battalion
  • HQ Army Intelligence

Under the Division-NCC affiliation, NCC Central District is affiliated to the 6th Division.[citation needed]

9th Singapore Division/Infantry

9th Division/Infantry (motto: "Forging Ahead) consists of the following subordinate units:[citation needed]

Organisation:

  • HQ 9th Singapore Division
  • 10th Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • 12th Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • 56th Singapore Armoured Brigade
  • 9th Division Artillery HQ
  • 9th Division Support Command
  • 32nd Battalion, Singapore Combat Engineers
  • 9th Division Air Defence Artillery Battalion
  • 9th Signals Battalion

Under the Division-NCC affiliation, NCC East District is affiliated to the 9th Division/Infantry.[citation needed]

MINDEF Reserve (MR) NS Divisions[]

2 People's Defence Force[]

2 People's Defence Force (PDF) is responsible for homeland security, including that of key civilian installations and infrastructure. 2 PDF is also responsible for the coordination and secondment of military resources to civilian agencies in the event of a civil emergency.[25]

Organisation:[citation needed]

  • HQ 2 People's Defence Force
  • HQ 21 Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • HQ 22 Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • HQ 26 Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • HQ 27 Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • HQ 29 Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • HQ 32 Singapore Infantry Brigade
  • 326th Battalion, Singapore Combat Engineers
  • Island Defence Training Institute (IDTI)
  • 15th Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence (C4I) Battalion
Army Operational Reserve (AOR)[]

21st Division[26]

25th Division[26]

Non-Divisional Units, some appended to the General Staff[]

  • HQ Signals
  • HQ Commandos
    • Commando Battalion (1CDO – 1st Commando Battalion)
    • Special Operations Task Force – Joint task force consisting of members from the Naval Diving Unit, Commandos and the Special Operations Force
  • Army Deployment Force - A high readiness, regular only unit that provides the Army with specialised capabilities for a full spectrum of Operations. Including but not limited to, Support for Special Operations Task Force (SOTF), Peace-Time Contingency Operations (PTCO), Peace Support Operations (PSO) and Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) missions.
  • Aggressor Company – subordinate to TRADOC/ATEC, this company-sized detachment organizes itself according to the hypothesized enemy's order of battle and acts as the OPFOR in training evaluations. They are the 'red' opposing force in ATEC evaluations.
  • Military Medicine Institute
  • Force Medical Protection Command[27]
    • Biodefence Centre (BDFC) – Company-sized Epidemiology Unit
    • Medical Response Force (MRF) – Battalion-sized counter-chemical and counter-biological warfare unit, staffed by combat medics.
  • HQ Armour
    • 4th Singapore Armoured Brigade (Likely part of unknown Armoured Division)
    • 48 SAR – MBT Battalion (Operating Leopard 2SGs)
  • HQ Army Combat Engineer Group
  • HQ Chemical, Biological, Radiological & Explosives Defence Group

Equipment[]

Main article: List of equipment of the Singaporean Army

Bases[]

Name Location Unit(s)
Amoy Quee Camp Ang Mo Kio
Bedok Camp I/II Bedok
  • 1st Guards Battalion[29]
  • 3rd Guards Battalion[29]
  • HQ 7th Singapore Infantry Brigade (HQ 7 SIB)[29]
  • HQ 13th Singapore Infantry Brigade (HQ 13 SIB)[29]
  • Bedok Fitness Conditioning Centre (Bedok FCC)[30]
Clementi Camp Clementi
  • HQ 2 People's Defence Force (HQ 2 PDF)[31]
  • Island Defence Training Institute (IDTI)
  • 8th Battalion Singapore Infantry Regiment (8 SIR)
  • 15th Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence Battalion (15 C4I)
Depot Road Camp Telok Blangah
Dieppe Barracks Yishun
Gombak Base Bukit Batok
Hendon Camp Changi
  • 1st Commando Battalion (1 CDO BN)[34][35]
Jurong Camp I Jurong
Jurong Camp II Jurong
  • Infantry Training Institute (ITI)[37]
  • 30th Battalion Singapore Combat Engineers (30 SCE)[29]
  • 17th Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence (C4I) Battalion
Kaki Bukit Camp Paya Lebar
  • SAF Driving School (SAFDS)[citation needed]
Keat Hong Camp Tengah
  • HQ 8th Singapore Armoured Brigade (HQ 8 SAB)[29]
  • 40th Battalion, Singapore Armoured Regiment (40 SAR)
  • 41st Battalion, Singapore Armoured Regiment (41 SAR)
Khatib Camp Yishun
  • HQ Singapore Artillery (HQ SA)[citation needed]
  • Artillery Institute (AI)[citation needed]
  • 23rd Battalion Singapore Artillery (23 SA)[29]
  • 24th Battalion Singapore Artillery (24 SA)[29]
  • Khatib Fitness Conditioning Centre (Khatib FCC)[38]
Mowbray Camp Kranji
Kranji Camp II Kranji
  • 21st Battalion Singapore Artillery (21 SA)[29]
  • SAF Court Martial Centre[40]
  • Motorised Infantry Training Institute (MTI)[41]
  • Kranji Fitness Conditioning Centre (Kranji FCC)[42]
  • Basic Military Training Centre School V (BMTC School 5)[43]
Kranji Camp III Kranji
  • HQ Combat Service and Support Command (HQ CSSCOM)[44][45]
  • HQ Maintenance and Engineering Support (HQ MES)[45]
  • HQ Transport Formation[45]
  • HQ Supply Formation[45]
  • HQ SAF Ammunition Command (HQ SAFAC)
  • Supply Base Central
  • School of Logistics (SOL)[45]
  • Army Logistics Training Institute (ALTI)[37][45]
  • Army Logistics Training Centre (ALTC)[45]
  • 1st Army Maintenance Base (1 AMB)[45]
  • Ordnance Engineering Training Institute (OETI)[45]
  • Ordnance Engineering Training Centre (OETC)[45]
  • School of Manpower Management (SMP)[45]
  • HQ 3rd Singapore Infantry Brigade (HQ 3 SIB)[44]
  • 2nd Battalion Singapore Infantry Regiment (2 SIR)[44]
  • 5th Battalion Singapore Infantry Regiment (5 SIR)
Ladang Camp Pulau Tekong
  • HQ Basic Military Training Centre (HQ BMTC)
  • Basic Military Training Centre School I (BMTC School 1)
  • Basic Military Training Centre School II (BMTC School 2)
  • Basic Military Training Centre School III (BMTC School 3)
Rocky Hill Camp
  • Basic Military Training Centre School IV (BMTC School 4)
Maju Camp Clementi
  • 6th Battalion Singapore Infantry Regiment (6 SIR)
  • 9th Battalion Singapore Infantry Regiment (9 SIR)[46]
  • HQ 24th Singapore Infantry Brigade (HQ 24 SIB)[29]
  • HQ 30th Singapore Infantry Brigade (HQ 30 SIB)[29]
  • HQ SAF Volunteer Corps (SAFVC)[47]
  • Maju Fitness Conditioning Centre (Maju FCC)[48]
Mandai Hill Camp Mandai
  • HQ 6th Singapore Division (HQ 6 DIV)[49]
  • 1st Battalion Singapore Infantry Regiment (1 SIR)[49]
  • 6th Signal Battalion[49]
  • HQ 2nd Singapore Infantry Brigade (HQ 2 SIB)[29]
  • 16th Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence Battalion (16 C4I)
Nee Soon Camp Yishun
  • Army Deployment Force
  • HQ Singapore Combat Engineers (HQ SCE)[citation needed]
  • Engineer Training Institute (ETI)[citation needed]
  • 36th Battalion Singapore Combat Engineers (36 SCE)[29]
  • CBRE Engineers Training Centre (CETC)
  • HQ Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Explosive Defence Group (HQ CBRE DG)[50]
  • 39th Battalion Singapore Combat Engineers (39 SCE)[51]
  • HQ SAF Medical Corps (HQ MC)[citation needed]
  • HQ Army Medical Services (HQ AMS)[citation needed]
  • SAF Medical Training Institute (SMTI)[citation needed]
  • Singapore Armed Forces Bands (SAF BANDS)[citation needed]
  • SAF Music and Drama Company (SAFMDC)[citation needed]
  • HQ 22nd Singapore Infantry Brigade (HQ 22 SIB)[citation needed]
Nee Soon Driclad Yishun
  • 6th Army Maintenance Base (6 AMB)[52]
  • Supply Base North
Pasir Laba Camp Jurong
  • HQ Specialist and Warrant Officer Institute (HQ SWI)
  • Specialist Cadet School (SCS)
  • SAF Warrant Officer School (SAF WOS)
  • Army Training Doctrine Command (TRADOC)
  • Training Resource Management Centre (TRMC)
  • Army Training Evaluation Centre (ATEC)
  • School of Infantry Weapons (SIW)
  • SAF Military Intelligence Institute (SMI)
  • Imagery and Geographical School (IGS)
  • School of Army Reconnaissance (SOAR)
  • HQ Army Intelligence
  • 11th Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence Battalion (11 C4I)
  • Army Fitness Centre (AFC)
  • Basic Combat Training Centre (BCTC)
  • SAF Printing Centre
  • Transport Hub West
Pasir Ris Camp Pasir Ris
  • Commando Training Institute (CDO TI)[53]
  • Special Operations Tactical Support Centre (SOTSC)[54]
Rifle Range Road Camp Bukit Timah
  • HQ General Support Ammunition Base (HQ GSAB)
SAFTI Military Institute Jurong
Selarang Camp Changi
Seletar Camp Seletar
  • HQ Army Combat Engineers Group (HQ ARMCEG)
  • 35th Battalion Singapore Combat Engineers (35 SCE)[29]
Sembawang Camp Sembawang
Stagmont Camp Choa Chu Kang
  • HQ Signals and Command Systems (HQ SCS)[60]
  • Signal Institute (SI)[61]
  • 10th Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence Battalion (10 C4I)
Sungei Gedong Camp Lim Chu Kang
  • School of Armour (SOA)[62]
  • Armour Training Institute (ATI)[37]
  • HQ 4th Singapore Armoured Brigade (HQ 4 SAB)[63][64]
  • HQ 56th Singapore Armoured Brigade (HQ 56 SAB)[29]
  • 12th Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence Battalion (12 C4I)[64]
  • 48th Battalion, Singapore Armoured Regiment (48 SAR)
  • 42nd Battalion, Singapore Armoured Regiment (42 SAR)[29]
  • 38th Battalion Singapore Combat Engineers (38 SCE)[29]
  • Supply Base West (SBW)

Photo gallery[]

  • Another photo of Singapore Army's Leopard 2A4 at the Singapore Airshow 2008.

  • AMX-10PAC 90 with the 90mm main gun

  • SM-1 Launched Bridge (SLB)

  • M728 Combat Engineer Vehicle (CEV)

  • FV180 Combat Engineer Tractor (CET)

  • The Vehicle Launched Bridge

  • The Bionix Armoured Recovery Vehicle (ARV)

  • The Bionix Launched Bridge (BLB)

  • The 105mm Giat LG-1 howitzer at the SAF Open House

  • FH-2000 in towing configuration

  • Open breech of FH-2000 as seen from loader position

  • The SLWH Pegasus at the Singapore Airshow 2008

  • The 155mm/39calibre Singapore Self-Propelled Howitzer 1 (SSPH 1)

  • SPIKE ATGM complete with mock-up missile

  • The MATADOR (Man-portable Anti-Tank, Anti-DOoR)

  • The new CIS-50 12.7mm Heavy Machine Gun

See also[]

References[]

Notes
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Bibliography
  • Tim, Huxley. Defending the Lion City: the Armed Forces of Singapore. Publisher: Allen & Unwin Pty LTD, 2000. ISBN 1-86508-118-3.
Further reading

External links[]

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