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Legality of cannabis by U.S. jurisdiction

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Map of cannabis laws in the US
Legality of cannabis in the United States
  Legal for recreational use
  Legal for medical use
  Illegal
 D  Decriminalized
Notes:
· Reflects law of states and territories, including laws which have not yet gone into effect. Does not reflect federal, tribal, or local laws.
· Hemp and hemp-derived products have been legal since the enactment of the 2018 Farm Bill.
  • v
  • t

In the United States, the use and possession of cannabis is illegal under federal law for any purpose pursuant to the Controlled Substances Act of 1970 (CSA). Under the CSA, cannabis is classified as a Schedule I substance, determined to have a high potential for abuse and no accepted medical use – thereby prohibiting even medical use of the drug.[1] However, at the state level policies regarding the medical and recreational use of cannabis vary greatly, and in many states conflict significantly with federal law.

The medical use of cannabis is legal with a doctor's recommendation in 36 states, four out of five permanently inhabited U.S. territories, and the District of Columbia.[2] Twelve other states have laws that limit THC content, for the purpose of allowing access to products that are rich in cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive component of cannabis.[2] Although cannabis remains a Schedule I drug, the Rohrabacher–Farr amendment prohibits federal prosecution of individuals complying with state medical cannabis laws.[3]

The recreational use of cannabis is legalized in 18 states,[a] the District of Columbia, the Northern Mariana Islands, and Guam. Another 13 states and the U.S. Virgin Islands have decriminalized its use.[4] Commercial distribution of cannabis has been legalized in all jurisdictions where possession has been legalized, except the District of Columbia. Personal cultivation for recreational use is allowed in all of these jurisdictions except Washington State and New Jersey.

Although the use of cannabis remains federally illegal, some of its derivative compounds have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for prescription use. Cannabinoid drugs which have received FDA approval are Marinol (THC), Syndros (THC), Cesamet (nabilone), and Epidiolex (cannabidiol). For non-prescription use, cannabidiol and delta-8-THC derived from industrial hemp are legal at the federal level, but legality and enforcement varies by state.[5][6][7]

By state

Legend:
  Legal for recreational use
  Legal for medical use
  Illegal
 D Decriminalized
State Recreational Medical Transportation Cultivation Notes
 Alabama Misdemeanor for first offense, subsequent offenses felony Legal Not clearly stated Legal for licensed cultivators, not individual patients[8]
Main article: Cannabis in Alabama
  • First-time may be punished as a misdemeanor, but further possession, or intent to sell, can result in felony charges.
  • Medical use legalized in May 2021 through bill signed by Governor Kay Ivey.[9]
 Alaska Legal Legal Up to 1 oz (28 g)[10] Twelve plants in a household with two adults 21+,[11] or no limit with commercial license
Main article: Cannabis in Alaska

Legalized by Measure 2 on November 4, 2014.[12]

 Arizona Legal Legal Up to 1 oz (28 g)[13] Six plants in a household, or a maximum of 12 with two or more adults 21+[14]
Main article: Cannabis in Arizona
  • Medical use legalized through Proposition 203 in 2010.[15][16][17]
  • Recreational use legalized through Proposition 207 on November 3, 2020.[18]
 Arkansas Illegal Legal Medical use only Medical use only
Main article: Cannabis in Arkansas
  • Possession under 3 oz (85 g) a misdemeanor; cities of Fayetteville and Eureka Springs labeled cannabis their lowest law enforcement priority.
  • November 8, 2016: medical marijuana legalized when Issue 6 was approved by 53% of voters.[19]
 California Legal Legal Up to 1 oz (28 g) Legal (six plants for personal use, or a commercial license)
Main article: Cannabis in California
  • July 1975: Senate Bill 95 reduced the penalty for possession of 1 oz (28 g) or less of cannabis to a citable misdemeanor.[20]
  • November 1996: first state to legalize medical marijuana when Proposition 215 was approved by 56% of voters.[21]
  • November 2016: Proposition 64 passed by 57% to 43%, legalizing sale and distribution, effective January 1, 2018.[22]
 Colorado Legal Legal Up to 2 oz (57 g)[23] Legal (six plants for personal use, or commercially licensed[24])
Main article: Cannabis in Colorado
  • November 6, 2012: Colorado Amendment 64 approved by voters, legalizing the sale and possession of marijuana for non-medical use including cultivation of up to six plants with up to three mature.[25][26] Colorado became the second state to legalize, going into effect four days after Washington state,[26] however, it was the first state for legal retail sales to become established.[27]
  • May 20, 2021: Colorado Governor Jared Polis signs HB 21–1090, a bill which increases possession limits from 1 oz to 2 oz for adults.
 Connecticut Legal Legal Legal to carry up to 1.5 oz (43 g) or possess up to 5 oz (140 g) locked inside a home or trunk of a vehicle Legal (Up to three mature and three immature plants) beginning October 1, 2021 for medical marijuana patients, and for all adults 21 and older beginning July 1, 2023
Main article: Cannabis in Connecticut
  • June 22, 2021: Connecticut Governor Ned Lamont signed SB 1201, a bill legalizing recreational marijuana for adults beginning July 1, 2021. Those between 18 and 20 would be subject to civil fine up to $150, and minors under 18 cannot be arrested for simple possession.[28]
 Delaware D Decriminalized (civil infraction) Legal Medical use only Medical use only
Main article: Cannabis in Delaware
  • February 10, 2012: Governor Jack Markell suspended medical marijuana after a Justice Department letter threatened federal prosecution
  • August 31, 2016: Jack Markell signed House Bill 400, expanding medical cannabis programs for those with a terminal illness.[29][30]
 Florida Illegal Legal Medical use only Medical use only
Main article: Cannabis in Florida
  • November 8, 2016: medical marijuana legalized as of July 1, 2017, when voters passed Amendment 2 by 71%.[31]
 Georgia Illegal; decriminalized in the cities of Atlanta,[32] Clarkston,[33] Forest Park,[34] Savannah, South Fulton,[35] Statesboro,[36] unincorporated Fulton County,[37] and Macon–Bibb County. CBD oil (less than 5% THC) Medical use only Illegal
Main article: Cannabis in Georgia (U.S. state)
  • Misdemeanor possession of 1 oz (28 g) or less can be punished by a fine up to $1000 or up to 12 months in jail.[38] It is a felony for anyone to possess more than 1 oz (28 g), manufacture, deliver, distribute, dispense, administer, purchase, sell, or possess with intent to distribute marijuana and it is punishable by imprisonment for no less than one year and no more than ten years.[39] City and county level punishments for misdemeanor possessions vary.
  • April 16, 2015: use of low-THC CBD oil legalized for medical use, but in-state cultivation, production, and sale remains illegal.[40]
 Hawaii D Decriminalized[41] Legal Against program rules Medical use only
Main article: Cannabis in Hawaii
  • June 15, 2000: Governor Ben Cayetano signed bill legalizing medical marijuana. First state legislature to do so.[42][43]
  • July 14, 2015: Governor David Ige signed bill allowing medical cannabis dispensaries.[44]
  • July 14, 2016: Governor Ige signed law expanding medical cannabis programs.[45]
  • June 25, 2019: Governor Ige announced that he would not veto a bill passed by the legislature to decriminalize less than 3 g of marijuana. Law went into effect January 11, 2020.[41]
 Idaho Misdemeanor (85 g (3.0 oz) or less) CBD oil (less than 0.1% THC) Not clearly stated Felony
Main article: Cannabis in Idaho
  • Possession of 85 g (3.0 oz) or less a misdemeanor up to 1-year prison or fine up to $1,000 or both. More than 3 oz (85 g) but less than 1 lb (0.45 kg) a felony up to 5 years in prison or fine up to $10,000 or both.[46]
  • 2015: the Idaho Attorney General stipulated that CBD must both contain zero THC and be derived from one of the five identified parts of the cannabis plant, otherwise it is illegal in Idaho under current law.[47]
  • 2021: Senate Bill 1017 is signed into law by Governor Brad Little expanding legal CBD access from 0.0% to 0.1% THC.[48]
 Illinois Legal[49] Legal Up to 30 g (1.1 oz) Five plants in home for medical use only, or commercially licensed for recreational[50]
Main article: Cannabis in Illinois
  • Cannabis Control Act of 1978 allowed for medical marijuana but was never implemented.[51][52]
  • August 1, 2013: Gov. Pat Quinn signed bill legalizing medical marijuana effective January 1, 2014.[53]
  • May 31, 2019: the General Assembly passed the Illinois Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act to legalize recreational marijuana use beginning January 1, 2020, allowing adults age 21 and over to possess up to 30 g (1.1 oz).[54] With Gov. J. B. Pritzker's signature on June 25, Illinois became the first state in the nation to legalize adult marijuana sales through an act of state legislature.[55][49]
 Indiana Misdemeanor (up to 6 months in jail, $1000 fine) CBD oil (less than 0.3% THC) legal for any use Not clearly stated Illegal
Main article: Cannabis in Indiana
  • 1913: prohibited
 Iowa Illegal THC content of 4.5 grams per patient in a 90 day period Not clearly stated Felony
Main article: Cannabis in Iowa
  • 2014: CBD oil legalized
  • 2017: Medical CBD Expanded
  • 2020: THC limits overhauled
 Kansas Misdemeanor CBD oil (containing 0% THC) legal for any use Not clearly stated Illegal
Main article: Cannabis in Kansas
  • 1927: prohibited
  • 2018: CBD oil exempted from the definition of marijuana.[56][57][58]
 Kentucky Misdemeanor for less than 8 oz (230 g) CBD oil Not clearly stated Misdemeanor (less than 5 plants)
Main article: Cannabis in Kentucky
  • 2014: CBD legalized
 Louisiana D Decriminalized up to 14 grams (0.49 ounces) Legal Medical use only Illegal
Main article: Cannabis in Louisiana
  • 1924: prohibited
  • 2015: medical cannabis legalized
  • 2020: House Bill 819 is signed in to law by Governor John Bel Edwards expanding cannabis access to "any condition" that a doctor "considers debilitating to an individual patient and is qualified through his medical education and training to treat."
  • 2021: Decriminalization signed into law by Governor Edwards.[59]
 Maine Legal Legal Legal to carry up to 2.5 oz (71 g) Up to three mature plants, twelve immature plants and unlimited number of seedlings; or commercially licensed[60]
Main article: Cannabis in Maine
  • 1913: Prohibited
  • 1976: Decriminalized
  • 1999: Medical cannabis legalized[61]
  • 2009: Further decriminalized[62][63]
  • 2016: Legalized recreational[64]
 Maryland D Decriminalized (Up to 10 g) Legal Medical use only Illegal
Main article: Cannabis in Maryland
  • April 14, 2014: SB 364 decriminalized possession of 10 grams or less punishable by $100 fine for first offense, $250 fine for second offense, and $500 fine plus possible drug treatment for third offense. HB 881 legalized medical cannabis. Both laws effective October 1, 2014.[65][66]
 Massachusetts Legal Legal Legal to carry up to 1 oz (28 g) outside the home, or store up to 10 oz (280 g) within a home Up to six plants for personal use or twelve plants maximum for 2 or more adults in a household; or a commercial license.[67]
Main article: Cannabis in Massachusetts
  • 2008: decriminalized cannabis by 63% vote on Question 2. 1 oz (28 g) or less punishable by $100 fine.[68][69]
  • 2012: medical marijuana legalized when Question 3 passed by 60%.[70][71]
  • 2016: legalized recreational marijuana when Question 4 passed by 54%.[72]
 Michigan Legal Legal Legal to carry up to 2.5 oz (71 g) outside the home, or store up to 10 oz (280 g) within a home Up to 12 plants per household, or commercially licensed[73]
Main article: Cannabis in Michigan
  • 2008: legalized medical cannabis
  • 2018: legalized recreational cannabis
 Minnesota D Decriminalized Legal Medical use only Medical use only
Main article: Cannabis in Minnesota
  • 1976: decriminalization[74]
  • 2014: medical cannabis legalized[75]
 Mississippi D Decriminalized (first offense; 30 g (1.1 oz) or less) CBD oil Not clearly stated Illegal
Main article: Cannabis in Mississippi
  • 1978: decriminalized
  • 2014: CBD legalized
  • 2020: medical cannabis legalized through Initiative 65,[76][77] which was subsequently overturned by the Supreme Court of Mississippi[78]
 Missouri D Decriminalized Legal Not clearly stated Legal for medical use
Main article: Cannabis in Missouri
  • 2014: decriminalized; CBD legalized
  • 2018: Missouri voters approved Amendment 2, allowing for the distribution and regulation of medical cannabis.
 Montana Legal Legal Legal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g) marijuana or 8g of concentrates Legal (Up to four plants per household)
Main article: Cannabis in Montana
  • November 3, 2020: Legalized by Initiative 190
 Nebraska D Decriminalized (first offense only) Illegal Not clearly stated Illegal
Main article: Cannabis in Nebraska

Possession up to 1 oz (28 g) fined up to $300 for first offense, with potential mandatory drug education. Second offense fine up to $500 and up to five days' jail, third offense up to $500 fine and maximum one week jail.[79]

 Nevada Legal Legal Legal Adults at least 21 years old can grow in home (6 plants per household), or commercially licensed[80]
Main article: Cannabis in Nevada
  • November 7, 2000: medical marijuana legalized with 65% vote on Question 9.[81][82]
  • November 8, 2016: recreational marijuana legalized when Question 2 passed by 54%.[83]
  • Home cultivation allowed if at least 25 mi (40 km) from store.[84]
 New Hampshire D Decriminalized up to 0.75 oz (21 g) Legal Medical use only Medical use only
Main article: Cannabis in New Hampshire
  • July 23, 2013: medical marijuana legalized when Governor Maggie Hassan signed HB 573.[85][86]
  • July 11, 2015: Governor Hassan expanded medical marijuana law.[87]
  • July 18, 2017: Governor Chris Sununu signed bill decriminalizing up to 0.75 oz (21 g).[88]
 New Jersey Legal Legal Up to 6 oz (170 g) for an individual. Licensed delivery services allowed. Legal for licensed cultivators only
Main article: Cannabis in New Jersey
  • January 18, 2010: medical marijuana law signed by Governor Jon Corzine. Maximum 1 year in prison and 1,000 dollar fine for possession of up to 50 grams.[89][90] September 19, 2016: Governor Chris Christie signed Assembly Bill 457 adding PTSD as a qualifying condition for medical marijuana, effective immediately.[91]
  • November 3, 2020: recreational use legalized by referendum.[92][93]
  • February 22, 2021: enabling legislation for cannabis legalization signed by Governor Phil Murphy. The bill includes provisions for transportation (delivery) and cultivation licensure.[94]
 New Mexico Legal Legal Up to 2 oz (57 g) Up to six mature plants for personal use; or twelve per household
Main article: Cannabis in New Mexico
  • 2007: medical use legalized when Governor Bill Richardson signed Senate Bill 523.[95][96]
  • 2019: legislation to decriminalize was signed into law.[97]
  • 2021: recreational marijuana signed into law by Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham, effective June 29, 2021; commercial sales to begin April 1, 2022).[98]
 New York Legal Legal Up to 3 oz (85 g) of cannabis for recreational purposes or 24 grams of concentrated forms of the drug, such as oils.[99] Up to three mature and three immature plants per person, maximum twelve per household.[100]
Main article: Cannabis in New York
  • July 14, 2014: medical marijuana legalized when Governor Andrew Cuomo signed legislation allowing edibles, oils, pills, and vaporization, but not smoking.[101][102][103][104]
  • June 20, 2019: full decriminalization bill passed legislature and signed into law by Governor Cuomo. The bill decriminalizes amounts under 2 oz (57 g), providing for a $50 fine for under 1 oz (28 g) and $100 for under 2 oz. It also eliminates the "in public view" loophole whereby police would demand suspects empty their pockets, thus causing the cannabis to be in public view.[105] The law took effect on August 30, 2019.[106]
  • March 31, 2021: Marijuana legalization law signed by the governor.[107]
 North Carolina D Decriminalized (42 g (1.5 oz) or less) CBD oil Illegal Illegal
Main article: Cannabis in North Carolina
  • 1977: decriminalized
  • 2015: CBD legalized
 North Dakota D Decriminalized (14 g (0.49 oz) or less) Legal Medical use only Medical use only
Main article: Cannabis in North Dakota
  • November 8, 2016: legalized medical marijuana when voters passed Measure 5 by 64%.[108]
  • May 2019: decriminalized[109]
 Ohio D Decriminalized (civil infraction) Legal Not clearly stated Medical use only
Main article: Cannabis in Ohio
  • June 8, 2016: Governor John Kasich signed legislation legalizing medical marijuana.[110]
 Oklahoma Illegal Legal Not clearly stated Legal with medicinal license
Main article: Cannabis in Oklahoma
  • 1933: criminalized[111]
  • 2015: Governor Mary Fallin signed law allowing CBD oil for children with epilepsy.[112]
  • June 26, 2018: Voters in Oklahoma approved State Question 788, legalizing medical marijuana.[113]
 Oregon Legal Legal Up to 2 oz (57 g), more for licensed cultivators Four plants per household for adults 21+, or commercially licensed[114]
Main article: Cannabis in Oregon
  • 1973: Oregon became the first state to decriminalize cannabis.[115][circular reference]
  • November 4, 2014: voters approved Measure 91 providing for possession and sale of set amounts of cannabis.[116][117]
  • Cannabis sentencing reform signed July 1, 2015 by Governor Kate Brown.[118][119]
  • More medical cannabis reforms signed July 28, 2015 by Governor Brown, effective October 1, 2015.[120][121]
  • Governor Brown signed 25% cannabis sales tax.[122]
  • January 1, 2022: Limit on personal possession increased from 1 oz to 2 oz.[123]
 Pennsylvania Illegal,

Decriminalized In Philadelphia and Pittsburgh (<30g)[124]

Legal Medical use only Illegal
Main article: Cannabis in Pennsylvania
  • April 17, 2016: medical use law signed by Governor Wolf. Possession of 30 g (1.1 oz) or less up to 30 days in jail and fine up to $500. More than 30g a misdemeanor up to a year in jail and $5000 fine.[125]
 Rhode Island D Decriminalized (civil violation) Legal Medical use only Medical use only
Main article: Cannabis in Rhode Island

Possession of 1 oz (28 g) $150 fine, three violations within 18 months a misdemeanor with larger fines or prison or both.[126]

 South Carolina Misdemeanor[127] Cannabis oil (less than 0.9% THC) CBD oil Illegal
Main article: Cannabis in South Carolina
  • 2014: Governor Nikki Haley signed Senate Bill 1035, "Julian's Law", allowing children with severe epilepsy to be treated with CBD oil if recommended by a physician.[128]
 South Dakota Misdemeanor Legal Medical use only Medical use only
Main article: Cannabis in South Dakota

Personal use of 2 oz or less a Class 1 misdemeanor punishable by a maximum of 1 year in prison and a maximum fine $2,000.[129]

Medical use legal effective July 1, 2021.

  • November 3, 2020: Medical and recreational use legalized by separate referendums.[130][131]
  • February 8, 2021: Recreational legalization referendum overturned by circuit court judge as unconstitutional.[132]
  • State Supreme Court hearing held on April 28, 2021, which is expected to decide the fate of recreational cannabis in the state.[133]
 Tennessee Misdemeanor (less than .5 oz (14 g); first or second offense only). Cannabis oil (less than 0.9% THC) CBD oil Misdemeanor (nine plants or less)
Felony (ten or more plants)
Main article: Cannabis in Tennessee

First-time possession one year supervised probation instead of one year in prison; possession of .5 oz (14 g) or more for resale a felony. CBD oil possession allowed as of May 4, 2015, if suffering seizures or epilepsy with recommendation of doctor.[134]

 Texas Illegal (De facto legal by refusal to arrest for less than 4 ounces in possession in Austin. "cite and release" in Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, Austin, and residents of Travis County.) CBD oil (no more than 1% THC and no less than 10% CBD) Not clearly stated Illegal
Main article: Cannabis in Texas
  • December 2014: possession of up to 2 oz (57 g) of marijuana can result in a jail sentence of up to six months and fine of up to $2,000.[135]
  • June 1, 2015: governor Greg Abbott signed a bill legalizing CBD oil for medical use in patients with intractable epilepsy.[136]
  • May 2019: expanded the qualifying conditions of medical cannabis to include Parkinson's disease, ALS, autism, multiple sclerosis, spasticity, and terminal cancer.[137]
  • June 2021: Governor Greg Abbott signed a bill that expands limited medical program from 0.5% THC to 1.0% THC. Effective September 1, 2021.[138]
 Utah Misdemeanor Legal Not clearly stated Illegal
Main article: Cannabis in Utah
  • 2014: HB 105 signed which allows use of low-THC cannabis oil for patients with epilepsy.[139]
  • March 2018: HB 195 signed which allows cannabis for certain terminally ill patients.[140]
  • Possession up to an 1 oz (28 g) 6-months prison and maximum fine $1,000. Over 10 oz (280 g) $10,000 fine. Selling any amount a felony with 5 years in prison and $5,000 fine.[141]
 Vermont Legal Legal Legal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g) Legal (two mature plants, four immature)
Main article: Cannabis in Vermont
  • May 19, 2004: medical marijuana legalized when Senate Bill 76 was enacted.[142]
  • June 2007: medical marijuana expanded by the enactment of SB 7.[143]
  • June 6, 2013: Governor Peter Shumlin signed HB200, decriminalizing 1 oz (28 g).[144]
  • January 2018: HB511 was enacted,[145][146][147] legalizing recreational use of 1 oz (28 g) and two plants,[148] taking effect on July 1, 2018.[149][150][151] First state legislature to legalize recreational marijuana.[152]
 Virginia Legal Legal (with commercial sales) Legal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g) Up to four plants per household[153]
Main article: Cannabis in Virginia
  • April 2020: decriminalized up to 1 oz (28 g) (punishable by a $25 fine) per legislation signed by Governor Ralph Northam.[154]
  • April 7, 2021: Marijuana legalized for personal use effective July 1, 2021, and commercial sales to begin January 1, 2024.[155]
 Washington Legal Legal Legal to possess up to 1 oz (28 g) Legal with restrictions and commercial licensing
Main article: Cannabis in Washington (state)
  • 2012: legalized by Washington Initiative 502. The law permits anyone over 21 to carry 1 oz (28 g), and it requires licensed sellers, distributors, and growers. Home growing is not allowed except for medical use.[156] First state to legalize recreational marijuana on December 6, 2012, four days before Colorado.[157]
 West Virginia Misdemeanor Legal Not clearly stated Illegal
Main article: Cannabis in West Virginia

"Compassionate Use Act for Medical Cannabis; providing for protections for the medical use of cannabis..."[158]

 Wisconsin Misdemeanor on first offense, felony on subsequent offenses; decriminalized in the city of Milwaukee[159][160] CBD oil Not clearly stated; qualified patients for CBD oil may have 3 oz (85 g) of leaves or flowers Felony; qualified patients for CBD oil may have twelve plants
Main article: Cannabis in Wisconsin

First possession a misdemeanor fine up to $1,000 or imprisonment up to 6 months, or both. Second offense a Class I felony fine up to $10,000 or imprisonment up to 3.5 years, or both.[161] Medical CBD oil legalized in 2014 and 2017.[158] In 2020, Madison, WI legalized the possession of up to 1 oz (28 g) of recreational cannabis, including smoking cannabis on public property (not including places where cigarettes are already banned, inside or within 1000 feet of a school, or behind the wheel).[162]

 Wyoming Misdemeanor CBD oil Not clearly stated Illegal
Main article: Cannabis in Wyoming

Being under the influence of marijuana is a misdemeanor up to 90 days in prison and fine up to $100. Possession of 3 oz (85 g) or less a misdemeanor up to 1 year in prison and fine up to $1000.[163]

Federal district

District Recreational Medical Transportation Cultivation Notes
 District of Columbia Legal (no commercial sales)[164] Legal (commercial sales) Legal to carry up to 2 oz (57 g) Legal to grow up to six plants (only three mature at a time) for recreational purposes; no provision for commercial recreational cultivation
Main article: Cannabis in Washington, D.C.
  • 1998: Initiative 59 was voted in to allow medical marijuana, but was blocked from taking effect by Congress until 2009.
  • 2014: D.C. Mayor Vincent Gray signed a bill that decriminalized possession of up to 1 oz (28 g) of marijuana in the U.S. capital for persons 18 years of age or older. The law made possession a civil violation with a penalty of $25, lower than most city parking tickets.
  • 2014, D.C. voted by ballot Initiative 71 to legalize recreational marijuana possession, cultivation, and transportation; commercial production and sale prohibited. The law went into effect February 26, 2015 following 30 days of congressional review.[165]

By inhabited territory

Territory Recreational Medical Transportation Cultivation Notes
 American Samoa Illegal Illegal Illegal Illegal
Main article: Cannabis in American Samoa

In 1999, the territory established a five-year mandatory minimum sentence for possession of any amount of any illegal drug, to explicitly include marijuana, even when medically prescribed in another jurisdiction.[166]

 Guam Legal Legal Legal Legal
Main article: Cannabis in Guam
  • November 4, 2014: residents passed a ballot measure that allows cannabis for medical use only.[167]
  • March 2019: the Legislature of Guam passed a bill (by a close vote of 8–7) to legalize recreational cannabis. The Governor of Guam signed the bill into law on April 4, 2019, with immediate effect.[168]
 Northern Mariana Islands Legal Legal Legal Legal
Main article: Cannabis in the Northern Mariana Islands
  • September 21, 2018: Republican governor Ralph Torres signed a bill into law to legalize the recreational use of cannabis in the territory.[169][170]
 Puerto Rico Illegal Legal Medical use only Medical use only
Main article: Cannabis in Puerto Rico
  • May 4, 2015: the governor of Puerto Rico signed an executive order legalizing medicinal marijuana in the U.S. territory.[171]
 U.S. Virgin Islands D Decriminalized Legal Medical use only Medical use only
Main article: Cannabis in the United States Virgin Islands
  • December 2014: possession of up to an 1 oz (28 g) was decriminalized.[172]
  • January 2019: medical use was legalized.[173]

By Tribal Nation

Main article: Cannabis on American Indian reservations
Reservation Recreational Medical Transportation Cultivation Notes
Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe
(South Dakota) 		Legal[174] Legal Legal One single licensed grow site for the nation In summer 2015, the tribal authorities voted 5–1 to legalize recreational cannabis, making them the first reservation to do so following the 2013 Cole Memorandum.[174]
Oglala Lakota Sioux Tribe (South Dakota) Legal Legal Legal Legal Legalized by referendum in March 2020, ordinance effective November 27, 2020.[175]
Suquamish Tribe
(Washington state) 		Legal[176][177] Legal Legal Legal In September 2015, the tribe signed the nation's first tribe-state cannabis pact, under which the tribe would operate a cannabis retail store with regulations paralleling those of Washington state.[178]
Squaxin Island Tribe
(Washington state) 		Legal[179] Legal Legal Legal Legalized in November 2015.[180]
Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
(North Carolina) 		Legal (no commercial sales) Legislation approved in August 2021 to allow sale and cultivation.[181] Legal up to one ounce Illegal Legislation approved in May 2021 to allow possession of up to one ounce.[182][183]
St. Regis Mohawk Tribe
(New York) 		Legal Legal Legal Legal (up to twelve plants) Legislation approved in June 2021 legalizing adult-use cannabis and establishing a dispensary license program where all growing, processing, and sales must take place on tribal land.[184][185][186]

Legalization timeline

United States jurisdictions with legalized recreational cannabis
  • v
  • t
Jurisdiction Legalization date Licensed sales since Legalization method
Washington (state) December 6, 2012 July 8, 2014 Initiated Ballot Measure
Colorado December 10, 2012[187] January 1, 2014 Initiated Ballot Measure
Alaska February 24, 2015 October 29, 2016 Initiated Ballot Measure
Washington, D.C. February 26, 2015 N/A Initiated Ballot Measure
Oregon July 1, 2015 October 1, 2015 Initiated Ballot Measure
California November 9, 2016 January 1, 2018 Initiated Ballot Measure
Massachusetts December 15, 2016 November 20, 2018 Initiated Ballot Measure
Nevada January 1, 2017 July 1, 2017 Initiated Ballot Measure
Maine January 30, 2017 October 9, 2020 Initiated Ballot Measure
Vermont July 1, 2018 October 1, 2022[188] Legislative Bill
Northern Mariana Islands September 21, 2018 June 16, 2021[189] Legislative Bill
Michigan December 6, 2018 December 1, 2019 Initiated Ballot Measure
Guam April 4, 2019 Not yet started Legislative Bill
Illinois January 1, 2020 January 1, 2020 Legislative Bill
Arizona November 30, 2020 January 22, 2021 Initiated Ballot Measure
Montana January 1, 2021 January 1, 2022[190] Initiated Ballot Measure
New Jersey February 22, 2021 Not yet started Legislatively Referred Ballot Measure
New York March 31, 2021 April 1, 2022[191] Legislative Bill
New Mexico June 29, 2021[192] April 1, 2022 Legislative Bill
Virginia July 1, 2021 January 1, 2024 Legislative Bill
Connecticut July 1, 2021 Not yet started Legislative Bill

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Montana, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington. Includes states that have passed legislation to legalize but the law has not yet gone into effect.

References

  1. ^ State-By-State Medical Marijuana Laws (PDF), Marijuana Policy Project, December 2016
  2. ^ a b "State Medical Marijuana Laws". National Conference of State Legislatures. November 4, 2020. Retrieved July 3, 2018.
  3. ^ Ingraham, Christopher (June 13, 2017). "Jeff Sessions personally asked Congress to let him prosecute medical-marijuana providers". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 13, 2017. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
  4. ^ "Marijuana Overview". National Conference of State Legislatures. October 17, 2019. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
  5. ^ Hudak, John (December 14, 2018). "The Farm Bill, hemp legalization and the status of CBD: An explainer". The Brookings Institution. Archived from the original on February 25, 2020. Retrieved June 3, 2019.
  6. ^ Williams, Timothy (May 6, 2019). "CBD Is Wildly Popular. Disputes Over Its Legality Are a Growing Source of Tension". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 30, 2019. Retrieved June 3, 2019.
  7. ^ Rob Mentzer (January 4, 2022). "A loophole in federal marijuana law has led to the creation of new THC product".
  8. ^ Lyman, Brian (May 17, 2021). "Alabama has just authorized medical marijuana. Here's what to know". Montgomery Advertiser. Archived from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
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