Lev Avnerovich Leviev

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For the Israeli-Russian co-founder of VK.com, see Lev Binzumovich Leviev.
Lev Leviev
לב לבייב.JPG
Born (1956-07-30) July 30, 1956 (age 65)
Samarkand, Uzbek SSR, Soviet Union
CitizenshipIsraeli
OccupationBusinessman
Known forSupport of the Chabad movement
Spouse(s)Olga Leviev
Children9
Websitewww.leviev.com

Lev Leviev (born July 30, 1956) is an Israeli businessman, philanthropist and investor, of Uzbek Bukhari Jewish background, Known as the "King of Diamonds". Lev Leviev has a net worth of $1.0 billion as of March 2018,[1] and has been a philanthropist for Hasidic Jewish causes in Eastern Europe and Israel.[2] Beginning in the 1990s, Leviev avoided being directly involved with the Yeltsin family, and nurtured ties with Vladimir Putin.[3][4] His diamond mining investments in Angola and his investments in Israeli settlements have been the target of protests.[5] A prominent member of the Bukhari Jewish community, he is president of the World Congress of Bukharian Jews.

Early life[]

See also: Bukharian Jews

Leviev was born in Samarkand, Uzbek SSR in 1956. His family moved to Israel in 1971 where he lived until 2007 when he moved to London.[6] As of 2018, he lives in Russia.[7] His parents, Avner and Chana Leviev, were prominent members of the Bukharian Jewish community, and Leviev is a practicing Orthodox Jew. He is a supporter of the Chabad movement, but as a Bukharan Jew he was brought up in the Bukharan liturgy. In 1971, when he was fifteen, his family emigrated from Uzbekistan to Israel.[8] Alisher Usmanov's father was the prosecutor in Tashkent who helped facilitate the Leviev's departure for Israel.[9]

Start in the diamond trade[]

Shortly afterwards, Leviev began to work as an apprentice in a diamond polishing plant, learning the 11 steps of the diamond cutting process. After serving in the communications directorate of the Israel Defense Forces,[8] he established his own diamond polishing plant. In 1992, he moved to Russia and purchased Russia's oldest jewelry factory, Ruis Diamonds Ltd. of Moscow which specializes in fancy cutting and high-end ideal cuts of larger diamonds and competes with Smolensk Cristal, and the Moscow Jewelry Factory (Russian: Московский ювелирный завод (МЮЗ)).[10][11] Valery Rudakov (Russian: Валерий Владимирович Рудаков), a representative with the Main Directorate of Precious Metals and Diamonds (Glavalmazzolot)[a] and the former head of the Yakutskalmaz trust, facilitated Leviev's ownership of Ruis Diamonds.[6]

Early ties to Jewish causes[]

After the Revolutions of 1989, Leviev expanded his business endeavors into Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. He received the blessings for success in business and personal support of the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Schneerson for his philanthropic activities, which include "an army of some 10,000 Jewish functionaries from Ukraine to Azerbaijan, including 300 rabbis. Most of the 300 rabbis are Chabadniks" - adherents of the Brooklyn-based Chabad Hasidic group. In particular he sponsors many of the activities of the Jewish Learning Initiative.

Pro-Putin support[]

Leviev organized the Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia (FEOR) (Russian: Федерацию Еврейских Общин России (ФЕОР)) in 1997 as a pro-Putin organization for Russian Jews in order to counter the Russian Jewish Congress (REC) (Russian: Российский Еврейский Конгресс (РЕК)) which was formed by Vladimir Gusinsky in 1996 as an organization for Russian Jews that became highly critical of Putin.[4][6][8]

Business interests[]

Leviev is an investor in the diamond industry, real estate and chemicals. By an agreement, signed in October 2006, Leviev hoped to get into the incarceration business, as a concessionaire for the first private prison in Israel. However, in September 2009, the Israeli High Court of Justice declared private prisons unconstitutional in Israel.[12]

Leviev is currently controlling shareholder and chairman of Africa-Israel which has numerous large real estate investments in Russia.[13] Africa-Israel is on the verge of insolvency, asking to restructure NIS 21 billion of debt.[14] Trying to save the company from bankruptcy, justice Varda Alshech has confirmed the debt-restructuring arrangement between Africa-Israel and its creditors. However, the justice expressed her disapproval: "The arrangement is far from being the best," Alshech said, because the company "is passing on the damage of its investments to its investors."[15]

Leviev had purchased 60% of Africa-Israel holding company in 1996 for $400 million from Bank Leumi, when the bank was ordered by a court to divest of its non-financial businesses. By 2007 it had swelled to $8 billion in market value.[16] With the onset of the 2007–2008 global financial crisis the value of the company plunged, with company debt reportedly totalling $5.5 billion in September 2009.[16]

Leviev owns diamond mines in Russia and Africa, and is a major competitor to the De Beers international diamond cartel.[11]

In 2005, Africa-Israel completed a $230 million 5,800-apartment project in Modi'in Illit, an ultra-Orthodox settlement in the West Bank. In early 2007, Africa-Israel opened a luxury jewelry store on Old Bond Street in London and was considering plans to invest billions in the Far East, Argentina, Brazil and Russia.[17] Soon thereafter the global sub-prime mortgage crisis broke, and the value of Africa-Israel's real estate investments plummeted, particularly in New York, where it had invested heavily.[18]

Additionally, he is an international investor in residential real estate, shopping malls, energy, fashion, telecommunications, and media.

Debt restructuring[]

Following the Financial crisis of 2007–2008, Africa Israel Investments was hurt by the drop of real estate values in the United States, Russia and eastern Europe. It defaulted on a series of bonds and in 2010 it restructured 7.4 billion shekels of debt.[19]

In 2016, Africa Israel Investments sought a second debt settlement. In a recorded conversation that was leaked to Israel Channel 10 News, Lev Leviev is heard saying: "I shit on every bank, but they haven't been able to make me move a centimeter because I don't owe any of them money, to no bank in the world. I piss on every bank from above, even Rakefet" (referring to Bank Leumi CEO Rakefet Russak-Aminoach)[20]

Angolan diamonds[]

As De Beers came under fire during the blood diamonds furor, Leviev increasingly came to dominate the legal Angola diamond market through the Angola Selling Corporation (Ascorp) formed in early 2000 in which the Angolan government maintains half the stake in Ascorp and Leviev and the Omega Diamonds of Antwerp, Belgium, each have about a quarter stake in Ascorp.[21] At the same time, all contracts signed with Angola Exploration, Exploitation, Lapidation and Trading Company of Diamonds (Endiama), Angola's state owned diamond marketing company, were declared void which hastened De Beers exit from Angola and thus allowed Leviev to gain a large stake in Angolan diamonds.[21] Leviev says he presented Angola with a plan to reduce smuggling and increase revenue by funneling diamonds through only one source, while others claim the deal was clinched through Leviev’s connections with obscure Russian businessmen. Leviev focuses on the benefits his company brings Angola, arguing that before his involvement in 1998, Angola’s tax revenue from diamonds was under $10 million but rose to $49 million by 2001: “The government of Angola has obviously profited from this venture.” When critics query how his company benefits not just the government but the people of Angola, he answers that the Leviev Group's heavy investments in Angolan diamonds "will change the informal way of doing business into a more formalized, educated system that helps individual families... We want to help people who work with their hands. We want Angolans to develop many different new skills.”[21] New York Magazine reported in 2007 that a security company hired by Leviev had been accused by a local human rights group that year "of participating in practices of 'humiliation, whipping, torture, sexual abuse, and, in some cases, assassinations.'[22] Leviev did not directly respond to the charges, but noted his charitable activities in Angola.[22] Both Isabel Dos Santos and Leviev, who has a majority ownership, are partners in Angola's first and, at the time, only kimberlite mine at Catoca in the Cuango Valley.[21][23] In 2014, the Catoca mine was owned by Alrosa with a 32.8% stake, Angolan government holding a 32.8% stake, and Lev Leviev International (LLI) with an 18% stake, and Odebrecht holding a 16.4% stake.[24]

In December 2018, the Luaxe kimberlite deposit named Luele, which is only 25 kilometers from the Catoca mine, will be developed by the Catoca Mining Company which is owned by Endiama and Alrosa each with 41% stake and the Lev Leviev International Holding BV with an 18% stake.[25] Catoca Mining has a 50.5% stake in the Luaxe deposit and expects to begin industrial production at Luaxe after 2020.[26][27] With its headquarters at Saurimo, Lunda Sul province, the Catoca Mining Company is the fourth largest producer of diamonds in the world and produces 86.3% by volume and 60.3% by monetary value of Angolan diamonds.[25] VTB will finance the development of Luele which is one of the largest diamond deposits in the world and is expected to more than double Angola's diamond output by 2022.[28][29]

Alaska Diamonds[]

The surge in diamond price in 2011 has caused diamond rushes in lesser known areas. It gave Leviev the chance to finally break into the US diamond market, giving birth to new towns all over Alaska. Leviev was recently quoted as saying: “This stampede for diamonds is now making one of the loneliest regions a bit noisier, and a whole lot wealthier.” In the Northwest Territories, companies are extracting the equivalent of a coffee can full of diamonds each day. The gems within that can are collectively worth $1.4 million. Leviev sees this new rush in the Alaska region as a new great addition to his already successful diamond empire. The mine which Leviev has procured has a 10-year mining license and has already been successful for the past 5 years. Some investors also claim that the takeover of this mine was due to Levievs strong government connections and an unknown Texan company.[citation needed]

Israeli settlements[]

Leviev is involved in the construction of Israeli settlements in the West Bank. Leviev’s Danya Cebus company, a subsidiary of Africa-Israel, subcontracted the construction of Mattityahu East to Shaya Boymelgreen. Danya Cebus is also building part of Har Homa and Maale Adumim.[30] In 1999, Leviev's company Danya Cebus announced plans to build new homes in the settlement of Ariel.[31] Through another subsidiary, LIDAR, Leviev appears to be the sole realtor-developer of the settlement of Zufim.[32]

Leviev's devotion to settlement construction have drawn protest from outside the Old Bond Street store in his London home, to the Leviev-owned jewelry store in New York City, and has impelled Oxfam to make it clear that Leviev has not donated to the charity.[33][34] UNICEF has also advised Leviev that they will not partner with or accept any contributions from him due to the controversy.[35] In a press release, a spokesperson for Leviev described the protests as "politically motivated" and accused protesters of "deliberately neglect[ing]... extensive humanitarian and philanthropic work, which includes building schools, orphanages, and fostering economic development in communities around the world."[33] Anti-Defamation League head Abraham Foxman condemned UNICEF's decision as "selective political discrimination" that "only gives legitimacy to those who would seek to promote a boycott of the State of Israel and its supporters."[36]

In April 2009, following public pressure for a boycott, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office announced that it would not be renting its Tel Aviv embassy from Leviev's Africa-Israel company.[37]

In 2013, the Norwegian finance ministry, after a review of Africa-Israel's activities, announced that Norway's oil fund was now allowed to re-invest in Africa-Israel.[38] However, on 30.01.2014 Africa Israel Investments Ltd was placed on the exclusion list, based on "Serious violations of individuals' rights in situations of war or conflict", and has remained there since.[39]

Links to Trump family[]

According to an article published in The Guardian on July 24, 2017, Donald Trump's son-in-law, Jared Kushner sealed a real estate deal in 2015 worth $295 million to purchase space in the former New York Times Building on 43rd Street near Times Square from Leviev's firms Africa Israel Investments and Five Mile Capital.[13] Later, in October 2016, Kushner used this space as a basis for a $285 million loan from Deutsche Bank.[13][40] The ties between Trump family real estate deals and Russian money interests attracted the justice department's special counsel, Robert Mueller while Mueller was investigating alleged Russia interference in the 2016 presidential election.[41]

Philanthropy[]

Leviev is a major supporter of Jewish philanthropic causes and president of the Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS (FJC), an umbrella body representing Jewish communities across the former Soviet Union.[42] He is the founder of the Ohr Avner Foundation (named for Leviev's father). A prominent member of the Bukharan Jewish community, he serves as president of the World Congress of Bukharian Jews.[43]

Personal life[]

Leviev moved to Hampstead, London, with his wife Olga, son Joshua and their daughter, Ruthie, in 2007.[6] As a keen follower of golf, Leviev also maintains a house in the beach resort of Ponte Vedra, Florida.[44] As of 2018, Leviev lives in Russia.[7]

On November 6, 2018, Lev Leviev's sons, Zevulun and Moshe, were arrested in Israel for suspected illegal diamond smuggling from Russia to Israel through LLD Diamonds.[6][45][46][47]

Notes[]

  1. ^ During the 1980s, the Glavalmazzolot (Russian: Главное управление драгоценных металлов и алмазов ("Главалмаззолото")) was formed as a state owned enterprise to manage the production of gold and diamonds in the Soviet Union, as well as the cutting and jewelry industry, wholesale trade in diamonds, diamonds and jewelry in the USSR and abroad.[6]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b "Forbes profile: Lev Leviev". Forbes. Retrieved 22 April 2019.
  2. ^ "Leviev's Africa Israel stock plummets". JTA - Jewish & Israel News. September 1, 2009. Archived from the original on September 5, 2009.
  3. ^ Berman, Phyllis; Goldman, Lea (September 15, 2003). "Cracked De Beers: Lev Leviev is taking on the most successful cartel in the world". Forbes. Archived from the original on September 5, 2003.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b Melhman, Yossi (December 11, 2005). "No love lost". Haaretz. Archived from the original on August 30, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  5. ^ "Lev Leviev". Adalah-NY. 2009. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Крутов, Марк (Krutov, Mark) (November 8, 2018). "Конец "алмазного короля". Арестованы родственники друга Путина и Трампа" [The end of the diamond king. Relatives of a friend of both Putin and Trump is arrested]. Свобода (in Russian). Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b "Police said to reject terms set by diamond magnate Leviev for return to Israel: TV report says there will be no guarantees the billionaire can leave Israel if he returns for questioning over huge diamond smuggling case". Times of Israel. November 24, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2019.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Leviev Lev (Africa - Israel Group)". Rough-Polished website. November 24, 2009. Archived from the original on December 24, 2011.
  9. ^ ISRALend: Леваев заинтересован в том, чтобы АЛРОСА перешла под контроль Усманова и Керимова
  10. ^ "Лев Леваев купил права на Playboy и Pamela Anderson вместе с производителем украшений" [Lev Leviev bought the rights to Playboy and Pamela Anderson together with a jewelry manufacturer]. Kommersant (in Russian). September 11, 2007. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b Weldon, Robert (January 2002). "The Discreet Tycoon: Many jewelers don't yet know Lev Leviev, though his share of worldwide diamond holdings, diversified investments and political contacts make him a force to be reckoned with". The Professional Jeweler Magazine. Archived from the original on November 16, 2002.
  12. ^ Zarchin, Tomer; Lis, Jonathan (November 19, 2009). "High Court: Israeli Prisons Will Not Be Privatized". Haaretz.com. Archived from the original on November 22, 2009.
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b c Protess, Ben; Silver-Greenberg, Jessica; Drucker, Jesse (July 19, 2017). "Big German Bank, Key to Trump's Finances, Faces New Scrutiny". New York Times. Archived from the original on July 20, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
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  18. ^ Starkman, Rotem (September 1, 2009). "Lev Leviev, then and now". Haaretz. Archived from the original on September 3, 2009.
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  20. ^ Rochvarger, Michael (April 4, 2016). "Africa Israel Chief: I Piss on Banks From Above". Haaretz. Archived from the original on February 9, 2018.
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  22. ^ Jump up to: a b Smith, Ben (May 4, 2007). "Meet the Mogul: The Putin pal who just bought the old New York Times Building". New York Magazine. Archived from the original on May 9, 2007.
  23. ^ Weeldon, Robert (February 2001). "Angola's Tangled Web: Even with tighter government screening, Angola's diamond supply remains tainted and provides little benefit to the people who live there". Professional Jeweler Magazine. Archived from the original on August 23, 2002.
  24. ^ Zimnisky, Paul (March 13, 2014). "The state of global rough diamond supply 2014". mining.com. Retrieved December 6, 2019 – via PaulZimnisky.com.
  25. ^ Jump up to: a b "Angola's company invests 330 million dollars in new diamond mine". angolaforex. December 14, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  26. ^ "Alrosa To Increase Stake in Angola's Catoca to 41%, Commercial Prod'n at Luaxe after 2020". thediamondloupe.com. November 15, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  27. ^ "Commercial diamond production at Angola's Luaxe may begin after 2020 — Alrosa chief: According to the Alrosa president, the development of any major deposit from the project stage to the industrial production stage takes about between four and seven years". Tass. November 14, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  28. ^ Русских, Алена (Russkikh, Alena) (May 23, 2017). "АЛРОСА получит долю в крупном алмазном месторождении в Анголе: АЛРОСА и ВТБ примут участие в ангольском алмазном проекте "Луаше". АЛРОСА получит 16,5% через совместное предприятие с ангольской госкомпанией и может докупить еще 8% в проекте напрямую" [ALROSA will receive a stake in a large diamond deposit in Angola: ALROSA and VTB will take part in the Angola diamond project “Luache”. ALROSA will receive 16.5% through a joint venture with the Angolan state company and may purchase another 8% in the project directly]. RBC (in Russian). Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  29. ^ "Angola Expects the Luaxe Mine to Double the Country's Diamond Output by 2022: "We are currently producing 8 million carats per year and with Luaxe kimberlite, we are going to double the output in five years"". Israeli Diamond Industry website. February 13, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  30. ^ "Israel News - Online Israeli News Covering Israel & The Jewish World …". jpost.com. 9 July 2012. Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
  31. ^ "$50 Million Private Investment In Ariel". Israel Business Today. June 1, 1999. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  32. ^ David Bloom (December 18, 2004). "Israeli Settlement Seizes Palestinian Farmland". Scoop (website). Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  33. ^ Jump up to: a b Brostoff, Marissa (February 15, 2008). "Diamond Mogul Receives Angry Valentine". The Forward. Archived from the original on September 7, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  34. ^ "Breaking News - JTA, Jewish & Israel News: British charity asked to shun Leviev". January 13, 2008. Archived from the original on January 17, 2008.
  35. ^ Trotta, Daniel (June 21, 2008). "UNICEF cuts ties to Israeli billionaire Leviev". Reuters. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  36. ^ Brackman, Levi (June 26, 2008). "ADL: UNICEF decision to reject Leviev 'selective discrimination'". Ynet. Archived from the original on June 28, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  37. ^ Hayeem, Abe (April 28, 2009). "Boycott this Israeli settlement builder". The Guardian. Archived from the original on September 6, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  38. ^ "Norway's oil fund can reinvest in Africa Israel Investments, Danya Cebus". Reuters. Oslo. August 21, 2013. Archived from the original on August 21, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  39. ^ "Observation and exclusion of companies". Norges Bank Investment Management. Archived from the original on 17 February 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2019.
  40. ^ Kranish, Michael (June 25, 2017). "Kushner firm's $285 million Deutsche Bank loan came just before Election Day". Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 26, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
  41. ^ Dent, Wendy; Pilkington, Ed; Walker, Shaun (July 24, 2017). "Jared Kushner sealed real estate deal with oligarch's firm cited in money-laundering case". The Guardian. Archived from the original on July 24, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
  42. ^ Greer Fay Cashman (April 2, 205). "Grapevine: A 100-ton gift of the bread of affliction". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  43. ^ Andrew Higgins (April 7, 2018). "In Bukhara, 10000 Jewish Graves but Just 150 Jews". The New York Times. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  44. ^ Rochvarger, Michael (2007-12-27). "Lev Leviev, Israel's richest man, to leave country for London". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 2009-04-23. Retrieved 2009-03-24.
  45. ^ "По делу о контрабанде алмазов задержаны еще трое подозреваемых" [Three more suspects detained in diamond smuggling case]. newsru.co.il (in Russian). November 7, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  46. ^ Bachner, Michael (November 15, 2018). "Police believe Leviev workers had diamonds smuggled into Israel in condoms: Investigators in mass fraud probe say Russian-Israeli billionaire's enterprise hired couriers to hide gems inside bodies, a tactic typically employed by crime organizations". Times of Israel. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  47. ^ "Leviev diamond company urges AG to probe police role in employee's suicide: LLB Diamonds, at center of investigation into alleged gem smuggling, says pressure and threats led Mazal Hadadi to jump from 10th floor of Ramat Gan Diamond Exchange". Times of Israel. November 22, 2018. Retrieved December 6, 2019.

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