List of Mars landers
The following table is a list of successful and unsuccessful Mars landers. As of 2018, 16 lander missions and 5 sub-landers (Rovers and Penetrators) attempted to land on Mars. Of 16 landers, only InSight Mars Lander is currently in operation on Mars. This list excludes Mars rovers delivered to the surface but includes the rover and aerial vehicles termed as sub landers on main landers.
Mars landers[]
S.No | Landers | Launch Date | Landing Date | Mass (kg)[1] | Landing Site | Region | Status | Country of Origin | MOLA | Entry Velocity | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Mars 2MV-3 No.1 | 04 Nov 1962 | 25 Nov 1962 | 890 | - | - | Failed | ![]() |
- | [2] | |
2. | Mars 2 | 19 May 1971 | 27 Nov 1971 | 1210 | 45°S 47°E♦ | - | Failed | ![]() |
- | - | [3][4] |
3. | Mars 3 | 28 May 1971 | 02 Dec 1971 | 1210 | 45°S 202°E♦ | Sirenum Terra | Partial Success | ![]() |
- | - | [5][4] |
4. | Mars 6 | 05 Aug 1973 | 12 Mar 1974 | 635 | 23.90°S 19.4°W | Margaritifer Terra | Failed | ![]() |
- | - | [6][4] |
5. | Mars 7 | 09 Aug 1973 | - | 635 | - | - | Failed | ![]() |
- | - | [7][4] |
6. | Viking 1 | 20 Aug 1975 | 20 Jul 1976 | 572 | 22.27°N 47.95°W | Chryse Planitia | Success | ![]() |
-3.5 | 4.61 km/sec | [8] |
7. | Viking 2 | 09 Sep 1975 | 03 Sep 1976 | 572 | 47.64°N 225.71°W | Utopia Planitia | Success | ![]() |
-3.5 | 4.61 km/sec | [9] |
8. | Phobos 1§ | 07 Jul 1988 | - | 2600† | - | - | Failed | ![]() |
- | - | [10] |
9. | Phobos 2§ | 12 Jul 1988 | - | 2600† | - | - | Failed | ![]() |
- | - | [10] |
10. | Mars 96 | 16 Nov 1996 | - | 3159 | 41°31N 153°77 W♦ | - | Failed | ![]() |
- | 5.75♦ km/sec | [11] |
11. | Mars Pathfinder | 04 Dec 1996 | 04 Jul 1997 | 361 | 19°7′48″ N 33°18′12″W | Ares Vallis | Success | ![]() |
-2.5 | 7.26 km/sec | [12][13] |
12. | Mars Polar Lander | 03 Jan 1999 | 03 Dec 1999 | 583 | 76°S 195°W | Ultimi Scopuli | Failed | ![]() |
-3.0 | 6.91 km/sec | [14][15] |
13. | Beagle 2 | 02 Jun 2003 | 25 Dec 2003 | 33.2 | 11.5265°N 90.4295°E | Isidis Planitia | Failed | ![]() |
- | 5.63 km/sec | [16][17] |
14. | Spirit rover | 10 Jun 2003 | 4 Jan 2004 | 174 | 14.5684°S 175.4726°E | Gusev Crater | Success | ![]() |
-1.9 | 5.4 Km/sec | [18][19][20] |
15. | Opportunity rover | 07 Jul 2003 | 25 Jan 2004 | 174 | 1.9462°S 354.4743°E | Meridiani Planum | Success | ![]() |
-1.4 | 5.5 Km/sec | [18][21][22] |
16. | Phoenix lander | 04 Aug 2007 | 5 May 2008 | 350 | 68.22°N 125.7°W | Vastitas Borealis | Success | ![]() |
-3.5 | 5.59 km/sec | [12] |
17. | Curiosity rover | 26 Nov 2011 | 5 Aug 2012 | 899 | 4.5895°S 137.4417°E | Gale Crater | Operational | ![]() |
2.0 | 5.6 km/sec | [23][24][25] |
18. | Schiaparelli EDM | 14 Mar 2016 | 19 Oct 2016 | 577 | 2.052°S 6.208°W | Meridiani Planum | Failed | ![]() ![]() |
1.45 | 5.83 km/sec | [26] |
19. | InSight Mars Lander | 5 May 2018 | 26 Nov 2018 | 727 | 4.5°N 135.9°E | Elysium Planitia | Operational | ![]() |
-2.5 | 6.3 km/sec | [27] |
20. | Perseverance rover | 30 Jul 2020 | 18 Feb 2021 | 1,025 | 18.4447°N 77.4508°E | Jezero crater | Operational | ![]() |
- | - | [28] |
21. | Tianwen-1 | 23 July 2020 | 14 May 2021 | 240 | 109.7°E, 25.1°N | Utopia Planitia | Operational | ![]() |
- | - | [29] |
§ - Spacecraft intended for Martian moons (Phobos and Deimos), †Entry Mass, ♦ Estimated, MOLA - Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter
S.No | Sub-Landers | Type | Lander Slot | Launch Date | Mass (kg) | Status | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Prop-M | Rover | Mars 2 | 19 May 1971 | 4.5 | Failed | [3][4] |
2. | Prop-M | Rover | Mars 3 | 28 May 1971 | 4.5 | Not deployed | [4][5] |
3. | Mars 96 | Penetrator | Mars 96 | 16 Nov 1996 | 88 | Failed | [11] |
4. | Deep Space 2 | Penetrator | Mars Polar Lander | 03 Jan 1999 | 2.4 | Failed | [14][15] |
5. | Sojourner | Rover | Mars Pathfinder | 04 Dec 1996 | 11.5 | Success | [12][13] |
6. | Mars helicopter Ingenuity | UAV Helicopter | Mars 2020 Perseverance rover | 30 Jul 2021 | 1.8 | Success | |
7. | Zhurong | Rover | Tianwen-1 | 23 Jul 2021 | 240 | Success | |
8. | Tianwen-1 Remote camera | Rover | Zhurong rover | 1 June 2021 | <1 | Success |
Future proposed Mars lander missions[]
Lander | Proposed Launch | Country | Agency | Type | Sub-Lander | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mars MetNet Precursor | ? | Finland | FMI | Impact Lander | - | [30] |
Mars MetNet | ? | Finland | FMI | Multi-lander | - | [31] |
Icebreaker | 2026 | US | NASA | Lander | - | [32] |
Martian Moons Exploration | 2024 | Japan | JAXA | Lander | Sample Return | [33] |
Phootprint | 2024 | Europe | ESA | Lander | Ascent Stage | [34] |
Fobos-Grunt (Repeat) | 2024 | Russia | ROSCOSMOS | Lander | Ascent Stage | [35] |
Mars-Grunt | 2024 | Russia | ROSCOSMOS | Lander | - | [1] |
BOLD | 2020 | US | NASA | Impact Lander | 6-Impact Lander | [36] |
Mars Lander | 2020 | South Korea | KARI | Lander | - | [37] |
See also[]
References[]
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Categories:
- Exploration of Mars
- Lists of spacecraft
- Lists of space missions