List of Mars landers

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The following table is a list of successful and unsuccessful Mars landers. As of 2018, 16 lander missions and 5 sub-landers (Rovers and Penetrators) attempted to land on Mars. Of 16 landers, only InSight Mars Lander is currently in operation on Mars. This list excludes Mars rovers delivered to the surface but includes the rover and aerial vehicles termed as sub landers on main landers.

Mars landers[]

Table consisting of list of Mars landers
S.No Landers Launch Date Landing Date Mass (kg)[1] Landing Site Region Status Country of Origin MOLA Entry Velocity References
1. Mars 2MV-3 No.1 04 Nov 1962 25 Nov 1962 890 - - Failed  Soviet Union - [2]
2. Mars 2 19 May 1971 27 Nov 1971 1210 45°S 47°E♦ - Failed  Soviet Union - - [3][4]
3. Mars 3 28 May 1971 02 Dec 1971 1210 45°S 202°E♦ Sirenum Terra Partial Success  Soviet Union - - [5][4]
4. Mars 6 05 Aug 1973 12 Mar 1974 635 23.90°S 19.4°W Margaritifer Terra Failed  Soviet Union - - [6][4]
5. Mars 7 09 Aug 1973 - 635 - - Failed  Soviet Union - - [7][4]
6. Viking 1 20 Aug 1975 20 Jul 1976 572 22.27°N 47.95°W Chryse Planitia Success  USA -3.5 4.61 km/sec [8]
7. Viking 2 09 Sep 1975 03 Sep 1976 572 47.64°N 225.71°W Utopia Planitia Success  USA -3.5 4.61 km/sec [9]
8. Phobos 1§ 07 Jul 1988 - 2600† - - Failed  Soviet Union - - [10]
9. Phobos 2§ 12 Jul 1988 - 2600† - - Failed  Soviet Union - - [10]
10. Mars 96 16 Nov 1996 - 3159 41°31N 153°77 W♦ - Failed  Russia - 5.75♦ km/sec [11]
11. Mars Pathfinder 04 Dec 1996 04 Jul 1997 361 19°7′48″ N 33°18′12″W Ares Vallis Success  USA -2.5 7.26 km/sec [12][13]
12. Mars Polar Lander 03 Jan 1999 03 Dec 1999 583 76°S 195°W Ultimi Scopuli Failed  USA -3.0 6.91 km/sec [14][15]
13. Beagle 2 02 Jun 2003 25 Dec 2003 33.2 11.5265°N 90.4295°E Isidis Planitia Failed  United Kingdom - 5.63 km/sec [16][17]
14. Spirit rover 10 Jun 2003 4 Jan 2004 174 14.5684°S 175.4726°E Gusev Crater Success  USA -1.9 5.4 Km/sec [18][19][20]
15. Opportunity rover 07 Jul 2003 25 Jan 2004 174 1.9462°S 354.4743°E Meridiani Planum Success  USA -1.4 5.5 Km/sec [18][21][22]
16. Phoenix lander 04 Aug 2007 5 May 2008 350 68.22°N 125.7°W Vastitas Borealis Success  USA -3.5 5.59 km/sec [12]
17. Curiosity rover 26 Nov 2011 5 Aug 2012 899 4.5895°S 137.4417°E Gale Crater Operational  USA 2.0 5.6 km/sec [23][24][25]
18. Schiaparelli EDM 14 Mar 2016 19 Oct 2016 577 2.052°S 6.208°W Meridiani Planum Failed European UnionESA/ Russia 1.45 5.83 km/sec [26]
19. InSight Mars Lander 5 May 2018 26 Nov 2018 727 4.5°N 135.9°E Elysium Planitia Operational  USA -2.5 6.3 km/sec [27]
20. Perseverance rover 30 Jul 2020 18 Feb 2021 1,025 18.4447°N 77.4508°E Jezero crater Operational  USA - - [28]
21. Tianwen-1 23 July 2020 14 May 2021 240 109.7°E, 25.1°N Utopia Planitia Operational  China - - [29]

§ - Spacecraft intended for Martian moons (Phobos and Deimos), †Entry Mass, ♦ Estimated, MOLA - Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter

Table consisting of sub-landers onboard Mars landers
S.No Sub-Landers Type Lander Slot Launch Date Mass (kg) Status References
1. Prop-M Rover Mars 2 19 May 1971 4.5 Failed [3][4]
2. Prop-M Rover Mars 3 28 May 1971 4.5 Not deployed [4][5]
3. Mars 96 Penetrator Mars 96 16 Nov 1996 88 Failed [11]
4. Deep Space 2 Penetrator Mars Polar Lander 03 Jan 1999 2.4 Failed [14][15]
5. Sojourner Rover Mars Pathfinder 04 Dec 1996 11.5 Success [12][13]
6. Mars helicopter Ingenuity UAV Helicopter Mars 2020 Perseverance rover 30 Jul 2021 1.8 Success
7. Zhurong Rover Tianwen-1 23 Jul 2021 240 Success
8. Tianwen-1 Remote camera Rover Zhurong rover 1 June 2021 <1 Success

Future proposed Mars lander missions[]

List of future proposed Mars lander missions
Lander Proposed Launch Country Agency Type Sub-Lander References
Mars MetNet Precursor ? Finland FMI Impact Lander - [30]
Mars MetNet ? Finland FMI Multi-lander - [31]
Icebreaker 2026 US NASA Lander - [32]
Martian Moons Exploration 2024 Japan JAXA Lander Sample Return [33]
Phootprint 2024 Europe ESA Lander Ascent Stage [34]
Fobos-Grunt (Repeat) 2024 Russia ROSCOSMOS Lander Ascent Stage [35]
Mars-Grunt 2024 Russia ROSCOSMOS Lander - [1]
BOLD 2020 US NASA Impact Lander 6-Impact Lander [36]
Mars Lander 2020 South Korea KARI Lander - [37]

See also[]

References[]

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