List of North American folk music traditions

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This is a list of folk music traditions, with styles, dances, instruments and other related topics. The term folk music can not be easily defined in a precise manner; it is used with widely varying definitions depending on the author, intended audience and context within a work. Similarly, the term traditions in this context does not connote any strictly-defined criteria. Music scholars, journalists, audiences, record industry individuals, politicians, nationalists and demagogues may often have occasion to address which fields of folk music are distinct traditions based along racial, geographic, linguistic, religious, tribal or ethnic lines, and all such peoples will likely use different criteria to decide what constitutes a "folk music tradition". This list uses the same general categories used by mainstream, primarily English-language, scholarly sources, as determined by relevant statements of fact and the internal structure of works.

These traditions may coincide entirely, partially or not at all with geographic, political, linguistic or cultural boundaries. Very few, if any, music scholars would claim that there are any folk music traditions that can be considered specific to a distinct group of people and with characteristics undiluted by contact with the music of other peoples; thus, the folk music traditions described herein overlap in varying degrees with each other.

Country Elements Dance Instrumentation Other topics
Aanishanabe See Ojibwa
African American[1] blues - blues-harp - - field holler - - freedom song - - gospel - lining out - shape-note - Shout - spiritual - work song blues dance - hambone - juba dance - ring dance - banjo - bones - cowbell - diddley bow - fiddle - harmonica - tambourine - washtub bass blue note - camp meeting - - Great Awakening - Pinkster
Anglo-American[2] - - protest song - sea shanty - shape note - barn dance - Country-western two-step - - jig - reel - square dance fiddle - flute - guitar - harpsichord - violin Caller - Shakers
[3] Apache fiddle - pot drum - water drum
Appalachian[4] - - bluegrass - Child ballad - close harmony - - jug band - lining out - - old-time music - - shape note - - [5] clogging autoharp - banjo - cello - cornstalk fiddle - dulcimer - fiddle - flute - guitar - harmonica - mandolin folk revival - hillbilly
Arapaho[6] Ghost Dance - peyote song - - snake dance - Sun Dance - Ghost Dance
Blue Ridge See Appalachian
Cajun[7] polka - two-step - waltz accordion - fiddle - guitar - spoons - triangle - washboard
Cape Breton See Irish- and Scottish-Canadian
[8] stomp dance rattle
[8] stomp dance
Chippewa See Ojibwa
[8] stomp dance
[9] fiddle
Dakota See Sioux
Dinéh See Navajo
English-American See Anglo-American
Finnish-American See Finnish
French-American See French
German- and Moravian-American[10] - - - hautboy - kettle drum - trumpet - viol Ephrata Cloister - liederkranz -
Hopi See Pueblo
[11] calumet dance berdache - calumet
Inuit[12] - - - throat-singing drum dance - jig - - reel accordion - drum
Irish- and Scottish-Canadian[13] - Cape Breton fiddling - emigrant ballad - sean nos - shape note reel - step dance - strathspey fiddle ceilidh
Irish-American[14] ballad - emigrant ballad - sean nos clogging - hornpipe - jig - reel - step dance - square dance banjo - dulcimer - fiddle - guitar - harmonica - mandolin
Iroquois[15] - - drum - rattle - water drum
Italian-American See Italy
Japanese-American See Japanese
[16] - klezmer - doina - - hora - - mazurka - nigun - polka - sirba - waltz cello - clarinet - double bass - flute - tsimbl - violin badkhn - Freygish - kapelye
Lakota See Sioux
Louisiana Creole[17] la la - - zydeco bamboula - ring dance accordion - fiddle - guitar - washboard Congo Square -
Maritime Canada[18] Cape Breton fiddling - jig - reel accordion - fiddle - piano
[19] water drum
[9] step dance fiddle
, Mejicano, Hispanic, New Mexico and Tejano[20] - - - conjunto - copla - corrido - estribillo - - jarabe - - mariachi - Matachines - Mexican son - pirekua - son huasteco - - - - - - son jarocho - - - zandunga - jarabe tapatío - jarana - Matachines - mazurka - polka - raspa - redowa - waltz - - zandunga - zapateado accordion - angelus bell - bajo sexto - fiddle - harp - huapanguera - jarana - - guitarrón - - requinto - vihuela - violin - vaquero
Moravian-American See German-American
Navajo[21] - - - Yeibichai circle dance - pot drum - rattle - water drum Blessingway - Enemyway - - - - - Yeibichai
[22] - lining out - - - shape note barn dance
Newfoundland ballad - sea shanty - sean nos hornpipe - jig - reel - step dance - square dance bodhrán - fiddle - guitar - harmonica - accordion - spoons
New Mexico See Mexican / Hispanic
[23] water drum
[24]
Pueblo[25] Matachines - work song Matachines Anasazi flute - drum - flageolet New Mexico - Shalako
[9]
San Ildefonso See Pueblo
Santo Domingo See Pueblo
Scottish-Canadian See Irish- and Scottish-Canadian
Sioux[19] Grass Dance bell - drum - rattle
[26] - brass band - Delta blues - blues-harp - - - jug band - Sacred Harp - shape note - Southern gospel - barn dance - - clogging - - Highland fling - jig - lancer - - polka - quadrille - reel - square dance - waltz banjo - dulcimer - fiddle - guitar - harmonica - mandolin
Taos Pueblo See Pueblo
Tejano, sometimes called Tex-Mex See Mexican
[27] chicken scratch (waila) - conjunto chotis - mazurka - polka - waila accordion - bass guitar - drum - fiddle - guitar
Ukrainian-American and Canadian See Ukrainian
Western Canada and the United States[28] cattle call - cowboy song - - - waltz - Western swing - work song square dance accordion - banjo - fiddle - guitar - harmonica Caller - Chisholm Trail - cowboy poetry - medicine show
Yaqui[29]
Zuni See Pueblo


See also[]

References[]

  • Abel, E. Lawrence (2000). Singing the New Nation: How Music Shaped the Confederacy, 1861 - 1865. Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books. ISBN 0-8117-0228-6.
  • Borggreen, Jørn (2012). Right to the Helm: Cape Breton Square Dances, third ed. Jyllinge, Denmark: The author.
  • Broughton, Simon (2000). Mark Ellingham (ed.). Rough Guide to World Music (First ed.). London: Rough Guides. ISBN 1-85828-636-0.
  • Burk, Cassie; Virginia Meierhoffer; Claude Anderson Phillips (1942). America's Musical Heritage. Laidlaw Brothers.
  • Crawford, Richard (2001). America's Musical Life: A History. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-04810-1.
  • Darden, Robert (2004). People Get Ready: A New History of Black Gospel Music. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0-8264-1436-2.
  • Fussell, Fred C. (2003). Blue Ridge Music Trails: Finding a Place in the Circle. North Carolina Folklife Institute. ISBN 0-8078-5459-X.
  • Lankford, Ronald D. Jr. (2005). The Changing Voice Music of Protest USA. New York: Schirmer Trade Books. ISBN 0-8256-7300-3.
  • Lornell, Kip (2004). NPR Curious Listener's Guide to American Folk. New York: Berkley Publisher Group. ISBN 0-399-53033-9.
  • "Music and Theater". Maryland History and Culture. Archived from the original on May 7, 2005. Retrieved September 12, 2005.
  • Ritchie, Fiona (2004). The NPR Curious Listener's Guide to Celtic Music. New York: Berkley Publishing Group. ISBN 0-399-53071-1.
  • Philip V. Bohlman; Bruno Nettl; Charles Capwell; Thomas Turino; Isabel K. F. Wong (1997). Excursions in World Music (Second ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-230632-8.
  • Nettl, Bruno (1965). Folk and Traditional Music of the Western Continents. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  • Sawyers, June Skinner (2000). Celtic Music: A Complete Guide (First ed.). Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81007-7.
  • Titon, Jeff Todd; David Locke; David P. McAllester; Anne K. Rasmussen; Jonathan P. J. Stock; David B. Reck; John M. Schechter; Timothy Cooley; R. Anderson Sutton (2008). Jeff Todd Titon (ed.). Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples (Fifth ed.). New York: Schirmer Books/Cengage. ISBN 978-0-02-872602-1.
  • van der Merwe, Peter (1989). Origins of the Popular Style: The Antecedents of Twentieth-Century Popular Music. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-316121-4.
  • "International Dance Glossary". World Music Central. Archived from the original on February 7, 2006. Retrieved April 3, 2006.

Notes[]

  1. ^ Darden, pgs. 8, 43 - 45, 48, 57; Broughton, Viv and James Attlee, "Devil Stole the Beat" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 568 - 579; Crawford, pgs. 107, 111 - 112, 409 - 411; Burk, Cassie, Wirginia Meierhoffer and Claude Anderson Phillips, pgs. 96 - 97; van de Merwe; Titon, Jeff Todd, "North America/Black America" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 106 - 166; Lornell, pgs. 75 - 77, 82 - 83
  2. ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 202; Crawford, pgs. 70, 71, 157 - 158; Burk, Cassie, Wirginia Meierhoffer and Claude Anderson Phillips, pgs. 11, 34; Lankford, pg. 117; Lornell, pgs. 65 - 67; World Music Central Archived 2006-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Means, Andrew, "Ha-Ya-Ya-, Weya Ha-Ya-Ya!", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 593 - 603; McAllester, David P., "North America/Native America" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 16 - 66
  4. ^ Fussell, pgs. 3, 6 - 10; Ritchie, pgs. 52, 57; Barraclough, Nick and Kurt Wolff, "High an' Lonesome" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 536 - 551; Crawford, pg. 601; Burk, Cassie, Wirginia Meierhoffer and Claude Anderson Phillips, pgs. 101 - 105; Lankford, pg. 38; Lornell, pgs. 15 - 17, 65 - 67, 82 - 83
  5. ^ There is some ambiguity in usage regarding some of these terms. Bluegrass, for example, is not generally considered folk music, but is often loosely categorized along with it, and is especially associated with the Appalachian style. The term old-time music is also ambiguous, and can refer to styles of folk music from outside the Appalachian area. The American folk revival was a musical field in the 1950s and 60s that drew on many styles of American folk music, especially Appalachian music; however, the folk revival itself produced much undebateably popular music and little or no true folk music, depending on the precise definition of that term used.
  6. ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 150
  7. ^ Broughton, Simon and Jeff Kaliss, "Music Is the Glue", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 552 - 567; Lornell, pgs. 70 - 71
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b c Means, Andrew, "Ha-Ya-Ya-, Weya Ha-Ya-Ya!", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 593 - 603
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c Foran, Charles, "No More Solitudes", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 350 - 361
  10. ^ Crawford, pgs. 53 - 55; Maryland Music and Theatre Archived 2005-05-07 at the Wayback Machine; Burk, Cassie, Wirginia Meierhoffer and Claude Anderson Phillips, pgs. 30, 44
  11. ^ Crawford, pg. 10
  12. ^ Foran, Charles and Etienne Bours, "No More Solitudes" and "Sealskin Hits" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 350 - 361 and 143 - 145
  13. ^ Sawyers, pgs. 75 - 78, 194 - 198, 228 - 230
  14. ^ Sawyers, pgs. 62 - 67; 196 - 199, 208 - 290, 228 - 230
  15. ^ Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 161; McAllester, David P., "North America/Native America" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 16 - 66; McAllester, David P., "North America/Native America" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 16 - 66
  16. ^ Broughton, Simon, "Rhythm and Jews" in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 581 - 591; Lornell, pgs. 77 - 78
  17. ^ Broughton, Simon and Jeff Kaliss, "Music Is the Glue", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 552 - 567; Crawford, pgs. 118 - 119; Burk, Cassie, Wirginia Meierhoffer and Claude Anderson Phillips, pg. 99; Lornell, pgs. 87 - 88
  18. ^ Ritchie, pg. 54
  19. ^ Jump up to: a b McAllester, David P., "North America/Native America" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 16 - 66
  20. ^ Manuel, Popular Musics, pgs. 54 - 56; Farquharson, Mary and Ramiro Burr, "Much More Than Mariachi" and "Accordion Enchilada", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 463 - 476 and pgs. 604 - 614; Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pgs. 193 - 194; Burk, Cassie, Wirginia Meierhoffer and Claude Anderson Phillips, pgs. 48 - 49, 52, 190 - 191; Lornell, pg. 22 - 23, 72 - 73, 78 - 79
  21. ^ Means, Andrew, "Ha-Ya-Ya-, Weya Ha-Ya-Ya!", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 593 - 603; Nettl, Folk and Traditional Music, pg. 165; McAllester, David P., "North America/Native America" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 16 - 66
  22. ^ Crawford, pgs. 24 - 25; World Music Central Archived 2006-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
  23. ^ Crawford, pg. 391; McAllester, David P., "North America/Native America" in Worlds of Music, pgs. 16 - 66
  24. ^ Crawford, pg. 400
  25. ^ Means, Andrew, "Ha-Ya-Ya-, Weya Ha-Ya-Ya!", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 593 - 603; Crawford, pg. 8; Lornell, pg. 22 - 23
  26. ^ Crawford, pgs. 162 - 164; Burk, Cassie, Wirginia Meierhoffer and Claude Anderson Phillips, pg. 138; van de Merwe; Sawyers, pgs. 197, 208; Lankford, pgs. 38, 65 - 67, 75, 84 - 85; Abel, pgs. 132 - 134, 172; World Music Central Archived 2006-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^ Means, Andrew, "Ha-Ya-Ya-, Weya Ha-Ya-Ya!", in the Rough Guide to World Music, pgs. 593 - 603; Lornell, pgs. 73 - 74
  28. ^ Crawford, pg. 430, 433 - 435, 609; Burk, Cassie, Wirginia Meierhoffer and Claude Anderson Phillips, pgs. 107, 187 - 189, 192 - 198; Lornell, pgs. 74 - 75, 85 - 86
  29. ^ World Music Central Archived 2006-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
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