List of Solanum species

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Detail of the flowers of Solanum dulcamara, one of the 1240 accepted taxa that make up the genus Solanum (Solanaceae), along with economically important species such as the potato (S. tuberosum), the tomato (S. lycopersicum) and the aubergine (S. melongena).

This is a list of species in the plant genus Solanum. There may be up to approximately 1500 species worldwide.[1] With some 1240 accepted specific and infra-specific taxa of the more than 4,000 described, the genus Solanum contains more species than any other genus in the family Solanaceae and it is one of the largest among the angiosperms.

Phylogenetic analysis of molecular data has established or confirmed that the genera Lycopersicon, Cyphomandra, Normania, and Triguera, which were previously classified independently, should in reality be included within the Solanum. In fact, all the species from these four genera have been formally transferred to Solanum. On the other hand, the genus Lycianthes, which is sometimes included within the Solanum, has been shown to be a separate genus.[2][3][4][5]

The following alphabetical list of Solanum species provides the binomial name followed by the name of the species authority, abbreviated according to the appropriate conventions and uses.

The tuberous species within the genus (those related to Solanum tuberosum, the potato, and therefore often called wild potatoes) have been indicated with the letter T. The nothospecies belonging to the genus appear at the end of the list, that is those taxa that have originated from a hybrid between two different species (for example, , which has been shown to be an interspecific hybrid resulting from the cross between S. acaule and S. infundibuliforme.)[6]

A[]

Flower of Solanum aethiopicum
Flower of
Fruit of Solanum americanum
Spiny stem and inflorescence of Solanum atropurpureum
Growth habit of Solanum atropurpureum
Flower of Solanum aviculare
Solanum aviculare

B[]

Flower, fruit and leaf of Solanum baretiae
Growth habit of Solanum betaceum
Fruit of Solanum betaceum in longitudinal and axial cross section.
Inflorescence of

C[]

Flowers of
Fruit and spiny stem of Solanum carolinense
Solanum chenopodioides growing between rocks
Detail of the flower of Solanum citrullifolium
Detail of the seeds of Solanum citrullifolium
Solanum crispum

D[]

Illustration of Solanum dulcamara
Flower of Solanum dulcamara
Solanum dulcamara, inflorescence and leaves
Detail of the fruit of Solanum dulcamara
Detail of the flowers of Solanum douglasii
Solanum dulcamara
  • Warb.
  • Bitter
  • Lauterb. & K.Schum.
  • Bitter
  • S.Knapp
  • Bitter
  • Brandegee
  • S.Knapp
  • Schumach. & Thonn.
  • Carvalho
  • Whalen. – Davis' horsenettle
  • Sendtn.
  • Sendtn.
  • Mueller
  • &
  • Bitter .
  • Greenm.
  • Solanum delagoense Dunal in DC
  • L.B.Sm. & Downs
  • C.V.Morton
  • T Solanum demissum Lindl. – dwarf wild potato
  • O.E.Schulz & Ekman
  • Dammer
  • Symon .
  • Solanum densevestitum Mueller ex Benth.
  • Solanum densepilosulum Bitter
  • Dunal
  • .
  • Dunal
  • Rusby
  • Dunal
  • Dunal
  • Solanum dimidiatum Raf. – western horsenettle
  • S.Knapp
  • .
  • Bitter
  • Solanum diphyllum L. – twin-leaved nightshade
  • (Mart.) Bohs
  • R.Br.
  • Symon
  • C.V.Morton
  • Sendtn.
  • Schumach. & Thonn.
  • Solanum ditrichum A.R.Bean
  • Mueller
  • Dunal
  • T Bitter.
  • Solanum dolichorhachis Bitter
  • Bitter
  • S.Knapp
  • T (Ochoa) Ochoa.
  • Walp. – mullein nightshade
  • Solanum douglasii Dunal – green-spotted nightshade
  • A.R.Bean
  • Solanum dulcamara L. – bittersweet
  • Dunal
  • A.R.Bean
  • Gaudich.
  • A.R.Bean

E[]

F[]

Solanum furcatum
  • S.Knapp
  • Solanum fallax Bohs
  • Bitter ex Whalen
  • V. S. Sampaio & R. Moura, 2016 [16]
  • T Phil.
  • Lindl.
  • Solanum ferox L. – hairy-fruited eggplant, Thai hairy-fruited eggplant
  • Jacq.
  • A.R.Bean
  • Bitter
  • Ruiz & Pav.
  • Giacomin & Stehmann, 2015[9]
  • Vell.
  • Sendtn.
  • Baker
  • T Bitter.
  • Bitter
  • Pittier ex S.Knapp
  • Dunal
  • Solanum fortunense Bohs
  • A.R.Bean
  • Dunal
  • Giacomin & Stehmann, 2014 [12]
  • Cav.
  • (J.F.Macbr.) Roe
  • Bitter
  • Solanum furcatum Dunal – forked nightshade
  • R.Br.
  • L.B.Sm. & Downs

G[]

H[]

Growth habit of Solanum heterodoxum
Fruit of Solanum heterodoxum. The fruit's persistent spiny sepals can also be seen.
Flower of
Fruit of

I[]

  • K.E.Roe
  • Dunal
  • Solanum imbaburense S.Knapp
  • Bitter
  • T Dunal. A.DC.
  • Merrill Philipp.
  • Domin
  • Werderm.
  • Symon
  • T Ochoa.
  • Solanum incanum L.
  • Ruiz & Pav.
  • Griseb.
  • Solanum incompletum Dunal
  • Bitter
  • Ruiz & Pav.
  • Witasek ex J.R.Benn.
  • Rusby Mem.
  • T Phil.
  • Symon
  • A.R.Bean
  • Vell.
  • Mart.
  • Bitter
  • Heine
  • Solanum interandinum Bitter
  • Sendtn.
  • A.R.Bean
  • Blume
  • Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.
  • Bitter
  • T (Bitter) Hawkes
  • C.V.Morton
  • D'Arcy &

J[]

  • Agra & M.Nee
  • Mill.
  • T Solanum jamesii Torr. – wild potato
  • A.R.Bean
  • Whalen
  • Bitter
  • A.R.Bean
  • Dunal
  • Hassl.
  • Reiche
  • S.R. Stern & M. Nee, 2014 [18]
  • Dunal
  • Thell.

K[]

  • Dammer
  • Symon
  • Turrill
  • Schönb.-Tem.
  • Dammer
  • L.B.Sm. & Downs
  • Agra & V. S. Sampaio, 2016 [19]
  • Giacomin & Stehmann, 2014 [12]
  • T Bitter & Wittm.
  • Solanum kurzii Brace ex Prain
  • N.E.Br. ex C.H.Wright

L[]

Flower of Solanum laciniatum
Flower and leaves of Solanum linnaeanum
, flowers and leaves
Fruit of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)
Solanum lycocarpum - wolf apple

M[]

Fruit of Solanum macrocarpon
Fruit of Solanum mammosum
Flowers of Solanum mauritianum
Habit of
Fruit Solanum muricatum in cross section.
Spiny leaf of Solanum myriacanthum
Fruit of Solanum melongena (aubergine)
Solanum mauritianum
Solanum muricatum
  • Dunal
  • Hunz. & Lallana
  • F.M.Bailey
  • A.Rich.
  • Solanum macrocarpon L.
  • Dammer
  • Bitter
  • Dunal
  • Urb.
  • T Schltdl.
  • Mueller
  • D'Arcy & Rakot.
  • S.Knapp
  • S.Knapp
  • Solanum mammosum L.
  • Symon
  • S.Knapp
  • Bitter
  • Bitter
  • Bitter
  • Solanum marginatum L.f.
  • Särkinen & S. Knapp, 2015[10]
  • Smith & Downs
  • Bohs
  • Bitter
  • Bitter
  • Solanum mauritianum Scop. – woolly nightshade, ear-leaved nightshade, flannel weed, bugweed, tobacco weed, kerosene plant, "wild tobacco" (Australia)
  • Mart.
  • Sendtn.
  • T Bitter.
  • Mueller
  • C.H.Wright
  • Solanum melissarum Bohs
  • Solanum melongena L. Eggplant
  • J.F.Gmel.
  • A.R.Bean
  • Liou
  • Rojas & Steyerm.
  • C.V.Morton
  • Särkinen & S. Knapp, 2016 [23]
  • T Bitter.
  • Bitter
  • (Lam.) Dunal
  • Solanum minutifoliolum Correll
  • Urb.
  • Symon
  • Domin
  • Ruiz & Pav.
  • Dunal
  • Britton & Wilson
  • Dunal
  • Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.
  • S.Knapp
  • S.Knapp
  • Dammer
  • L.
  • Bohs
  • T Bitter & Münch
  • S.Knapp
  • Hunz.
  • M.Nee
  • Dammer
  • Standl. & Steyerm.
  • Lam.
  • Bitter
  • Domin
  • N.E.Br.
  • Symon
  • Solanum muricatum Aiton Hort. – pepino dulce, pepino melon, melon pear, "pepino", "tree melon"
  • Baker
  • Solanum myriacanthum Dunal
  • D'Arcy & Rakot.

N[]

Flower of Solanum nelsonii
Leaves and flower of Solanum nigrum
  • C.H.Wright
  • Dammer
  • Bitter
  • S.Knapp
  • Webb & Berthel.
  • Chiarini & L.A. Mentz[24]
  • Solanum nelsonii Dunal – Nelson's horsenettle
  • S.Knapp
  • Mueller
  • Dunal
  • A.R.Bean
  • T Hawkes & Hjert.
  • D.M.Spooner, G.J.Anderson & R.K.Jansen
  • Merrill & Chun
  • M.Martens & Galeotti – divine nightshade
  • M.Martens & Galeotti
  • Bitter
  • Solanum nigrum L. – European black nightshade, "black nightshade"
  • Ruiz & Pav.
  • A.R.Bean
  • Symon
  • Vatke
  • Dunal – forest nightshade
  • S.Moore
  • M.Nee
  • Ruiz & Pav.

O[]

  • Solanum obliquum Ruiz & Pav.
  • Dunal
  • Ruiz & Pav.
  • Benitez
  • Bohs
  • Bitter
  • Dunal
  • Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.
  • Vell.
  • Symon
  • T Hawkes & Hjert.
  • Mueller
  • Mueller
  • Symon
  • Carvalho
  • Pittier ex S.Knapp
  • Sendtn.
  • Solanum opacum A.Braun & Bouché .
  • Ruiz & Pav.
  • Dunal
  • Dunal
  • T Hawkes.
  • O.E.Schulz
  • Dunal
  • Solanum ovum-fringillae (Dunal) Bohs
  • Schiede
  • C.V.Morton

P[]

Solanum pimpinellifolium
Solanum pseudocapsicum

Q[]

R[]

Solanum robustum
  • Solanum racemosum Jacq.
  • L.f.
  • C.V.Morton & Standl.
  • Sendtn.
  • C.V.Morton
  • Sendtn.
  • Hook. & Arn.
  • Solanum regularifolium Correll
  • Briq.
  • L.B.Sm. & Downs
  • Phil.
  • Solanum repandum G.Forst.
  • Bunbury
  • S.Knapp
  • Solanum retroflexum Dunal – wonderberry, sunberry
  • Elmer
  • Särkinen & M. Nee, 2015[8]
  • T Ochoa.
  • Sendtn.
  • Dunal
  • Dunal – Riedle's nightshade
  • Hutch.
  • Solanum rigidum Lam. .
  • Bitter
  • Pers.
  • Dunal
  • Symon
  • A.R.Bean
  • Bitter
  • Bitter
  • Solanum robustum H.L.Wendl.
  • (Standl. & Steyerm.) Bohs
  • Solanum roseum Bohs
  • Solanum rostratum Dunal (seeds of which were ordered by Charles Darwin approx. 10 days prior to his death)
  • Donn. Sm.
  • Dunal
  • S.R. Stern, 2010 [7]
  • Vahl
  • Dunal
  • Sendtn.
  • Dunal – tabacon aspero
  • S.Knapp
  • C.H.Wright
  • Sendtn.

S[]

Solanum seaforthianum
  • Granados-Tochoy & C.I. Orozco
  • Hul, 2013 [27][28]
  • Hunz. & Barboza
  • D'Arcy & Rakot.
  • Dunal
  • Solanum sandwicense Hook. & Arn. – Hawaii horsenettle
  • S.Knapp
  • Dunal
  • Solanum sarrachoides Sendtn.
  • Symon
  • M.Nee
  • Bitter
  • Solanum scabrum Mill. – garden huckleberry
  • Mueller
  • Bitter
  • Hochst. ex A.Rich.
  • Walp.
  • Werderm.
  • Sendtn.
  • Urb.
  • Dammer
  • Glaz.
  • (Sendtn.) Bohs
  • M.Nee
  • Solanum seaforthianum Andrews – Brazilian nightshade
  • Kym Brennan, Christopher T. Martine, & David E. Symon – Australian eggplant
  • Bitter
  • Sendtn.
  • Dunal
  • Mueller
  • M.Nee
  • Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.
  • A.R.Bean
  • Bunge[29]
  • de Wild. Miss. E. Laurent,
  • A.R.Bean
  • Ruiz & Pav.
  • Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal in Poir
  • Dammer
  • Mentz & M.Nee
  • Domin
  • Solanum sibundoyense (Bohs) Bohs
  • Van Heurck & Müll.Arg.
  • A.R.Bean
  • Mueller
  • Boiss.
  • Bitter
  • Bitter
  • Bitter
  • Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. .
  • I.M.Johnst.
  • Correll
  • S.Knapp
  • Solanum sodiroi Bitter (including S. carchiense)
  • Kuntze
  • Franch.
  • Carvalho
  • Solanum spirale Roxb.
  • Sendtn.
  • (Dunal) Bohs, 2015 [30]
  • Mueller
  • Moric.
  • Bitter
  • Bitter
  • Solanum stellativillosum Bitter
  • Sm.
  • Sendtn.
  • Bitter
  • Dunal
  • A.R.Bean
  • Carvalho
  • Roem. & Schult.
  • Vell.
  • Schltdl. – tigna potato, Fendler's horsenettle
  • C.V.Morton & Standl.
  • Jacq.
  • Bitter .
  • Symon
  • Solanum sturtianum Mueller
  • Schltr.
  • Solanum suaveolens Kunth & C.D.Bouché
  • Jacq.
  • Hiern
  • Bitter
  • Dunal
  • L.B.Sm. & Downs
  • Vell.
  • Rydb.
  • S.Knapp
  • S.Knapp
  • Dunal
  • Roem. & Schult.
  • Solanum sycocarpum Mart. & Sendtn.
  • Dunal
  • H.Eichler

T[]

Inflorescence of Solanum torvum
Fruit of Solanum triflorum
Compound leaf of Solanum tuberosum ("potato").
Inflorescence of Solanum tuberosum
Tubers of Solanum tuberosum
Cultivar of Solanum tuberosum
Fruit of Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum - potato
  • Solanum tabacicolor Dammer
  • Correll
  • Lundell
  • Correll
  • Vatke
  • Svenson
  • Solanum tampicense Dunal
  • S.Knapp
  • Bitter
  • T Solanum tarijense Hawkes.
  • T Hawkes & Hjert.
  • Aubl.
  • S.Knapp
  • Bitter
  • Bartlett – Fancy nightshade
  • (Bitter) Bohs
  • Rusby
  • Sendtn.
  • Solanum tepuiense S.Knapp
  • Forssk.
  • Solanum ternatum Ruiz & Pav. (including S. ternifolium)
  • Symon
  • Dunal
  • R.Br.
  • Mueller
  • Klotzsch
  • Sendtn.
  • Sendtn.
  • Bonati
  • Solanum tobagense (Sandwith) Bohs
  • Mates. & Barboza
  • D'Arcy & Rakot.
  • L.
  • Bitter
  • Merrill & L.M.Perry
  • Solanum torvum Sw. – turkey berry
  • S.Knapp
  • Bitter & Sodiro
  • Bitter
  • Bitter
  • Bitter
  • Solanum trepidans C.H.Wright
  • Schauer
  • Lillo
  • D'Arcy & Rakot.
  • Merrill & L.M.Perry
  • Dunal
  • T Correll
  • Solanum triflorum Nutt. – cut-leaved nightshade
  • Dunal
  • Solanum trilobatum L.
  • J.R.Benn.
  • Dunal
  • C.V.Morton
  • Cav. – Texas nightshade
  • Dunal
  • Jacq. Enum.
  • S. Knapp, 2015 [31]
  • Bitter
  • Urb.
  • Standl. & C.V.Morton
  • Bitter
  • T Solanum tuberosum L. – potato
  • Symon
  • Greenm.
  • Symon
  • Kuntze
  • S.Knapp
  • Chodat
  • S.Moore
  • Hook.

U[]

  • Bitter
  • A.R.Bean
  • Manoko, 2012 [32]
  • Mill.
  • Solanum umbelliferum Eschsch. – bluewitch nightshade
  • J.R.Johnst.
  • Lindl.
  • Lam.
  • S.Knapp
  • (Rusby) Bohs
  • Dunal
  • Dammer
  • Rusby
  • T Juz.
  • Bitter & Dammer
  • Dammer

V[]

Solanum viarum

W[]

  • Witasek
  • Solanum wallacei (A.Gray) Parish – Wallace's nightshade, Catalina nightshade, Clokey's nightshade, "wild tomato" (including S. clokeyi)
  • Hiern
  • Chris Martine — Australian bush tomato, named after fictional character Mark Watney from "The Martian" novel and film. [33][34]
  • C.H.Wright
  • Solanum wendlandii Hook.f.
  • M.Nee
  • Nees
  • Robyns
  • Howard – Woodbury's nightshade
  • Särkinen & S. Knapp, 2016 [23]
  • T Correll.
  • Benth.

X[]

Solanum xanti
  • Bitter
  • Solanum xanti A.Gray – purple nightshade, San Diego nightshade

Y[]

  • T Ochoa.
  • S.Knapp
  • Symon
  • S.Knapp
  • T Hawkes.

Z[]

  • Vatke.

Hybrid taxa (nothospecies)[]

  • T Juz. &
  • T Ochoa.
  • T Ochoa.
  • T Correll.
  • T Juz. & Bukasov
  • T & Bukasov
  • Berthault.
  • T (Bitter)
  • T Wittm.
  • T Brücher
  • Rydb.
  • T Hawkes.
  • T &

Notes[]

References[]

  1. ^ "Genus Solanum". PlantNET - New South Wales Flora Online. Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney Australia. Retrieved 2008-10-15.
  2. ^ Olmstead, R. G., J. A. Sweere, R. E. Spangler, L. Bohs, & J. D. Palmer (1999) Phylogeny and provisional classification of the Solanaceae based on chloroplast DNA. M. Nee, D. E. Symon, R. N. Lester, & J. P. Jessop (eds.), Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, U.K. Pages 111-137
  3. ^ Olmstead, R. G.; Palmer, J. D. (1992). "A chloroplast DNA phylogeny of the Solanaceae: subfamilial relationships and character evolution". Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79 (2): 346–360. doi:10.2307/2399773. JSTOR 2399773.
  4. ^ Olmstead, R. G.; Sweere, J. A. (1994). "Combining data in phylogenetic systematics: an empirical approach using three molecular data sets in the Solanaceae". Systematic Biology. 43 (4): 467–481. doi:10.1093/sysbio/43.4.467.
  5. ^ Bohs, L. (2005) Major clades in Solanum based in ndhF sequences. Pp. 27-49 in R. C. Keating, V. C. Hollowell, & T. B. Croat (eds.), A festschrift for William G. D'Arcy: the legacy of a taxonomist. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 104. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
  6. ^ Okada, K.; Clausen, A. M.; Natural (1985). "Solanum acaule Bitter and S. infundibuliforme Philippi in the province of Jujuy, Argentina". Euphytica. 34: 227. doi:10.1007/bf00022884. S2CID 22463083.
  7. ^ a b [1] Two new species of Solanum (Solanaceae) from the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone of southern Ecuador and northern Peru
  8. ^ a b [2] Two new non-spiny Solanum species from the Bolivian Andes
  9. ^ a b c d [3] New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum
  10. ^ a b c d [4] Four new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) species from South America
  11. ^ Tepe, Eric J.; Ridley, Glynis; Bohs, Lynn (2012). "A new species of Solanum named for Jeanne Baret, an overlooked contributor to the history of botany". PhytoKeys (8): 37–47. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.8.2101. PMC 3254248. PMID 22287929.
  12. ^ a b c [5] Three new species of Solanum (Brevantherum Clade) endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
  13. ^ IPNI Solanum caelicola
  14. ^ New plant species from the heart of Texas
  15. ^ http://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/pg_soel.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  16. ^ Solanum fernandesii (Solanaceae): A new species of ‘spiny solanum’ of the Gardneri clade from northeastern Brazil
  17. ^ [6][7]
  18. ^ Stern, SR (2014). "A new species of spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) from Peru". PhytoKeys (39): 27–34. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.39.7513. PMC 4152889. PMID 25197223.
  19. ^ Silva Sampaio, Valéria (2016). "Solanum knappiae sp. nov. (Solanaceae) from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil". Nordic Journal of Botany. 34 (4): 395–399. doi:10.1111/njb.01102.
  20. ^ "Solanum leopoldense Symon". FloraBase: Western Australian Flora. 1 July 2003. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  21. ^ "Species: Solanum leopoldense". Atlas of Living Australia. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  22. ^ John G. Hawkes (1992). "William Lobb in Ecuador and the Enigma of Solanum lobbianum". Taxon. www.jstor.org. 41 (3): 471–475. doi:10.2307/1222817. JSTOR 1222817.
  23. ^ a b [8] Two new non-spiny Solanum (Solanaceae) from the Gran Chaco Americano
  24. ^ Chiarini, FE; Mentz, LA (2012). "A new species of Solanum sect. Acanthophora (Solanaceae) from Argentina and Brazil". PhytoKeys (18): 1–10. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.18.3903. PMC 3666602. PMID 23730189.
  25. ^ Distribution models and species discovery: the story of a new Solanum species from the Peruvian Andes
  26. ^ Distribution models and species discovery: the story of a new Solanum species from the Peruvian Andes
  27. ^ Spécimen - holotype Solanum sakhanii Hul
  28. ^ A range extension for the new plant species Solanum sakhanii Hul, and its medicinal uses in a Bunong community in Mondulkiri Province
  29. ^ Sandra Knapp (10 May 2013). A Revision of the Dulcamaroid Clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae). PenSoft Publishers LTD. pp. 270–. ISBN 978-954-642-684-0.
  30. ^ "Neotropical Herbarium Specimens". Archived from the original on 2016-12-29. Retrieved 2016-12-28.
  31. ^ A Revision of Solanum Section Aculeigerum (the Solanum wendlandii Group, Solanaceae)
  32. ^ A new tetraploid species of Solanum L. sect. Solanum (Solanaceae) from Tanzania
  33. ^ Melissa Chan (25 February 2016). "Newly Discovered Flower Named After Matt Damon's The Martian Character". Time Magazine.
  34. ^ Dr. Chris Martine (28 September 2015). "Why I'm Naming a New Plant Species After The Martian". Huffington Post.

Bibliography[]

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  • Bohs, L (2001). "Revision of Solanum Section Cyphomandropsis (Solanaceae)". Syst. Bot. Monogr. 61: 1–85. doi:10.2307/25027891. JSTOR 25027891.
  • Knapp, S. 2002. Solanum Section Geminata (Solanaceae). In: Organization for Flora Neotropica, ed., Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 84.
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