List of United States military installations in Iraq

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Map of major U.S. military bases in Iraq and the number of soldiers stationed there (2007)

The United States Department of Defense has a large number of temporary military bases in Iraq, most a type of forward operating base (FOB).

Depending on their size or utility, the installations were called: Camp, Forward Operating Base (FOB), Contingency Operating Base (COB), Contingency Operating Site (COS), Combat Outpost (COP), Patrol Base (PB), Outpost, Logistic Base (Log Base), Fire Base (FB), Convoy Support Center (CSC), Logistic Support Area (LSA) and Joint Security Station (JSS).

Near the end of Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011), the last several Camps and Forward Operating Bases were changed to Contingency Operating Bases and Sites.

At the height of the occupation, the United States had 505 bases/military installations and 170,00 troops in Iraq.[1][2]

Due to International military intervention against ISIL, personnel have returned to old bases and new bases created.

Airfields[]

Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
Qayyarah Airfield West
FOB Endurance
FOB Q-West		 Mosul Nineveh 2003 Handed over to Iraqis on March 26, 2020[3][4]
Shaqlawa Erbil 2003 Still in use by U.S. forces as of Oct. 2021[5]

Camps[]

Type Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
Camp (Rock City F.O.B.) ?
Camp (Al Qa'im train station, Al Anbar) ?
Camp (Green Zone) ?
Camp
?
Camp ?
Camp Diwaniyah Al-Qādisiyyah 35 miles south of Baghdad
Camp Camp Apache
 Adhamiya Baghdad [6]
Camp Al Salam Baghdad Al Salam Palace
Camp Ad Dawr/Tikrit Saladin
Camp Abu Ghraib Baghdad Abu Ghraib Prison
Camp Babylon Hilla Babil April 2003 January 2005 Dismantled HQ of 1st Marine Expeditionary Force[7]
Used by Polish Forces[8]
Camp Baharia
FOB Volturno		 Fallujah Al Anbar 2003 Dreamland
Camp Basilone Nasiriyah Al-Qādisiyyah 2003 (Qalat Sikar Air Base)
Camp Black Jack Baghdad Baghdad [9] Part of the Victory Base Complex
Camp Baqubah Diyala
Camp Samarra Saladin 2004 [10]
Camp Bravo Basra Basra 2011 [11]
Camp Baghdad Baghdad Part of the Victory Base Complex
Camp Bucca Umm Qasr Basra 2003 December 2010 Hotel [12]
Camp Tikrit Saladin ?
Camp Bulldog Baghdad Makhmur
Camp Al Najaf Najaf [13]
Camp ?
Camp ?
Camp ? Mosul Air Base
Camp Abu Ghraib Baghdad Abu Ghraib Presidential Site
Camp ?
Camp (Ar Ramadi) ?
Camp Cooke Taji Baghdad 2003 Taji Air Base
Camp Cropper Part of the Victory Base Complex
Camp
Camp Rustamiyah
 Sadr District Baghdad 2003 2009 Iraqi Military Academy Rustamiyah
Camp
Camp (Samarra)
Camp (Baghdad)
Camp
Camp (Baghdad)
Camp (Najaf)
Camp Camp Eagle (Baghdad)
Camp (Najaf)
Camp Eden
Camp (Diwaniyah)
Camp Ellis
 Barwanah Al Anbar 2007 [14][15]
Camp
Q West Air Field
Camp Fallujah Fallujah Al Anbar March 2004 2009
Camp Fenway Qalat Sikar Air Field
Camp (Mosul)
Camp
Baqubah Air Field
Camp (Green Zone)
Camp (Abu Ghraib)
Camp Geiger
Camp (Saddam Canal Bridge provisory camp)
Camp
Camp Baker (Najaf)
Camp Rasheed Air Base
Camp Baghdad International Airport
Camp Green Zone/Baghdad Baghdad 2006 Iraqi Prison [16]
Camp (Najaf)
Camp (Ar Ramadi)
Camp Al-Qa'im Al Anbar 2009 Renamed Camp Gannon
Camp

Ali Saleh Baghdad Almuthana Air Base 2 Platoons of HHC 4-64 AR, 4th BDE, 3rd IN Div
Camp
Camp (Sadr City)
Camp
(Tikrit)
Camp (Al Amarah)
Camp (Kerbala)
Camp (Ar Ramadi)
Camp Justice
Camp Al Adala
Camp Banzai		 Kadhamiyah Baghdad
Camp
Camp BIAP
Camp
Camp
(Ar Rutbah / H-3)
Camp K2 Air Base
Camp (Mosul)
Camp (Nasiryah)
Camp Liberty (Camp Hurriya)
()		 Abu Ghraib Part of the Victory Base Complex
Camp (Baghdad)
Camp Kurdish Region Erbil March 2003 July 2003 Dismantled Used by Task Force Viking
Camp
Habbaniyah Air Base
Camp (Mosul)
Camp (Sadr City)
Camp
Camp Minden
Camp (Baghdad) camp of Naval Special Warfare Squadron One during their deployment in 2004
Camp (Nippur)
Camp Nama located in Baghdad, operations moved to LSA Anaconda
Camp (Muqdadiyah)
Camp (Green Zone)
Camp part of LSA Bushmaster near Najaf
Camp Samarra East Air Field
Camp
Camp (Balad)
Camp
FOB Remagen
 Tikrit
Camp Camp Parsons (expansion at Camp Victory)
Camp (Mosul)
Camp Camp Patriot(Green Zone)
Camp Quyarrah Air Base
Camp
(Tikrit)
Camp
Camp Blue Diamond

 Ramadi 2007 2011 2nd Advise and Assist Brigade, 82nd Aiborne Division[17]: 3 
2-319 Airborne Field Artillery[17]: 3 
1-325 Airborne Infantry[17]: 3 
Camp (Sahl Sinjar, Tal Afar) Sinjar Nineveh 2003 October 2009 Transferred to Iraqi Army
Camp
Camp Rasheed Air Base
Camp Redemption (Abu Ghraib)
Camp Kirkuk Air Base
Camp (Al Taqaddum)
Camp (Al Asad)
Camp
Camp Rustamiyah
also known as 		Rasheed Air Base
Camp Sather Baghdad International Air Base
Camp (Nippur) Hashimiya Babil March 2003 15 July 2010 Transferred to Iraqi Army Convoy Support Center (CSC) Scania, on MSR Tampa about 4 miles west of Al Shomali. Last unit: 389th Combat Service Support Battalion.[18]
Camp (Baghdad)
Camp Slayer Part of the Victory Base Complex
Camp
Camp (Ramadi)
Camp (Camp Al-Tadamum)
 Adhamiyah Baghdad
Camp Speicher
COB Speicher		 Tikrit al-Sahra Air Base
Camp (Fallujah)
Camp (Green Zone)
Camp
Camp Stone (Sulaymaniyah)
Camp (Mosul)
Camp Striker Part of the Victory Base Complex
Camp (Baghdad)
Camp
Camp Al-Sahra Air Base
Camp Taji Taji Air Base
Camp Taqaddum Taqaddum Air Base was handed over to Iraqis on April 5, 2020[19][20]
Camp Thunder Baghdad International Air Base
Camp (Mosul)
Camp
Camp
Camp (Baghdad)
Camp ()
 Al-Sijood Al Sijood Presidential Site
Camp ()
Camp Warrior		 Al-Sijood Al Sijood Presidential Site
Camp (Abu Ghraib)
Camp Victory Part of the Victory Base Complex
Camp (Abu Ghraib)
Camp Jalibah Air Base
Camp
(Baghdad)
Camp Baqubah Air Field
Camp Whitehorse
Camp Tallil Air Base
Camp Wolf
Camp Miller
Camp (Green Zone)
Camp (Zadan)
Camp (Irbil)
Camp (as Suwayrah) Wasit 2003 21 August 2005 Turned over to the Iraqi army As Suwayrah Air Base

Combat Outpost (COP)[]

Type Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
COP Amanche Baghdad
COP Annihilator Unused trade school in
COP Apache Adhamiyah Baghdad
COP Assassin Diyala Baghdad 2007 Location 33.308677, 44.617434 Former Truck Depot
COP Attack West Al Rashid Baghdad 2007 Former Boxing Gym
COP Ayres
COP Aztec South of Baghdad International Airport Baghdad [21]
COP Bama Diyala
COP Banchee
COP Battle Al Rashid Baghdad
COP Beretta
COP 860/Blackfoot Al Hadar/East Rashid Baghdad 2007 Chaldean Pontifical Babel College Church Complex
COP Blickenstaff Mosul Nineveh
COP Blue Babe Bridge / Georgian Bridge (Route Blue Babe, across the Diyala River)
COP Bone Zulu South Tahrir
COP Cahill 2007 2011 33.134972, 44.572930
COP Callahan Adhamiyah Baghdad
COP Carver Salman Pak 2008 2011 33.083224, 44.599440
Baker Boys: Inside the Surge
COP Cashe 33.208018, 44.523323
COP Cashe South Baghdad 2007 July 2010 Transferred to the Iraqi Police 33.20664164070701, 44.519090597883114 Built right next to Al Tuwaitha Nuclear Reactor that was bombed.
COP Casino
COP Wildcard
COP Chaos Ba'quba Diyala
COP Cleary 2007 2008 33.139267, 44.692545
COP Corregidor (near , ) 2007
COP Dragon Yusifiyah Baghdad 2007 2008 Transferred to the Iraqi Army Last unit: 3rd Battalion, 187th Infantry Regiment, 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault).[22]
COP Ellis
COP Falcon Ramadi Al Anbar
COP Ford Adhamiyah Baghdad
COP Gator Baghdad Nestled in the
COP Golden Tharthar Al Anbar 2007 August 2007 Turned over to the Iraqi Army North of Fallujah off MSR Golden
COP Grant Ramadi Al Anbar
COP Haditha Dam
COP Hatoon Ba'quba Diyala
COP Hawas Al Anbar MSR Golden, Northeast of Dam and Canal
COP Hutal
COP Rath
COP Iron Ramadi Al Anbar
COP Khatoon Ba'quba Diyala
COP Meade
COP Murray Northern Arab Jibor Baghdad
COP Old Mod Al Rashid Baghdad Old Ministry of Defense Building
COP North Al-Qa'im Al Anbar
COP Norris Baghdad
COP Ocotal / Ocotol Anah Al Anbar
COP Old Baqubah Ba'quba Diyala
COP Old Mob
COP Qasr `Amij (160k) Rutba Al Anbar 2007 2010 Turned over to Iraqi Army Site of the 29th Brigade, 7th IA Division
COP Rabiy Mosul Nineveh
COP Rawah
COP Remagen
COP Resolve
COP Rock
COP Romeo Ba'quba Diyala
COP Ruger
COP Salie (Nahrawan)
COP San Juan Southwest of Baghdad International Airport Baghdad 2007 Abandoned Bombed out garage/barracks destroyed. Remnants of tower remain.
COP Sedgwick Al Anbar August 2009 Turned over to the Iraqi Army Downgraded from a FOB sometime between 2008 & 2009

(Nahrawan)

COP Shan Mosul Nineveh
COP South Al-Qa'im Al Anbar
COP Shocker Zurbatiyah Wasit 2007 July 2011
COP Spear Ramadi Al Anbar
COP Sword Ramadi Al Anbar
COP Summers
COP Tampa Mosul Nineveh
COP Tehrir / Tarear / Tahrir Ba'quba Diyala
COP Texas Sadr City Baghdad
COP Tripoli
COP War Eagle
COP 102 Rusafa Baghdad
COP 402
COP 727
COP 742
COP 821 southwestern neighborhood of Baghdad

Contingency Operating Base (COB)[]

Type Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
COB Adder
Camp Adder
LSA Adder
Camp Cedar I
Camp Cedar II		 Nasiriyah December 2011 Nasiriyah Airport 3rd Advise and Assist Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division[17]: 3 
1-77 Armor[17]: 6 
2-82 Field Artillery[17]: 6 
219th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade[17]: 7 
1-163 Infantry[17]: 13 
COB 4-6 Infantry[17]: 3 
2-325 Infantry[17]: 7 
COB
Basrah December 2011 Transferred to civilian control Contains U.S. Consulate.[23]
COB
COB
COB

Contingency Operating Site (COS)[]

Type Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
COS
COS
COS 4-9 Cavalry[17]: 7 
COS Delta


 Kut April 2003 October 2011 Transferred to Iraqi Control 6-9 Cavalry[17]: 6 
Kut Air Base
COS Diwaniya 1-82 Field Artillery[17]: 2 
2-8 Cavalry[17]: 6 
3/3 Armored Cavalry[17]: 15 
COS
FOB Endeavor		 An Najaf Najaf [13]
COS Garry Owen 3-8 Cavalry[17]: 6 
COS
COS 1st Advise and Assist Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division[17]: 2 
2-5 Cavalry[17]: 2 
3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment (Advise and Assist Brigade)[17]: 15 
1/3 Armored Cavalry[17]: 15 
COS
COS
COS
FOB Marez
 Mosul Nineveh 2004 4th Advise and Assist Brigade, 1st Armored Division[17]: 7 
2-13 Cavalry[17]: 7 
2-29 Field Artillery[17]: 7 
6-17 Air Cavalry[17]: 9 
5-82 Field Artillery[17]: 11 
1-9 Cavalry[17]: 15 
COS
COS
COS Kirkuk 6-17 Air Cavalry[17]: 1 
4th Advise and Assist Brigade, 1st Armoured Division[17]: 2 
1-5 Field Artillery[17]: 2 
1st Advise and Assist Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division[17]: 10 
1-14 Infantry[17]: 15 
2-12 Cavalry[17]: 15 
COS Baquba 2nd Advise and Assist Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division[17]: 2 
1-8 Cavalry[17]: 11 

Firebase (FB)[]

Type Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
Firebase Morehead October 2011 Handover to Iraqi Forces US Special Forces base located in the city of Baqubah, Diyala Province. Last occupied by ODA 2135.
Firebase Saham March 2020[24] 34°21′41″N 41°07′47″E / 34.361286°N 41.129709°E / 34.361286; 41.129709 [25][26]

Forward Operating Base (FOB)[]

Type Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
FOB Abu Ghraib Abu Ghraib Baghdad 2004 September 2006
COP /Mosul Nineveh
FOB Al Asad Haditha Al Anbar 2003 Ayn Al Asad Airbase
FOB Baghdad
FOB Baghdad
FOB Ad-Dawr Saladin May 2003
FOB Baghdad
FOB
FOB
FOB Baghdad
FOB Samarra
FOB Salah ah Din 2003 Tuz Khurmatu Air Base
FOB Ramadi Al Anbar
FOB Fallujah Al Anbar
FOB Mosul Nineveh
FOB Samarra Saladin
FOB Baghdad
FOB
FOB Baghdad
FOB Caldwell
Camp Caldwell		 2003 April 3, 2010 Dissolved into the Kirkush Military Training Base
FOB Callahan Closed down Occupied by the 4th Infantry Division until recently.[when?] Originally captured by the 2-82nd Airborne, was in an old, burned-out shopping mall.[27]

[28]

FOB Salman Pak 2003
FOB
Camp Blue Diamond		 Ramadi Al Anbar
FOB Chosin Iskandariya/Al-Musayab Babil 2003 2005 Renamed
FOB Iskandariyah		 Located on the grounds of the Musayyib Power Plant
FOB Jalula Diyala 2003 Transferred to Iraqi Control
FOB
FOB Baghdad
FOB Baghdad
FOB Mosul Nineveh
FOB
FOB
FOB
FOB Danger Tikrit Saladin May 2004 2005 Formerly FOB Ironhorse
FOB
FOB Najaf Najaf
FOB Duke Najaf Najaf 2004 October 1, 2006 Transferred to Iraqi Control
FOB


FOB Eagle Balad Saladin 2003 2004 Renamed FOB Paliwoda
FOB Echo ad Diwaniyah Al-Qādisiyyah 31.968192, 44.910140 It served as a Spanish (known as Camp Espania), Polish, and American base during different periods of the Iraq War.
FOB Hīt Al Anbar
FOB
FOB
FOB Al-Muqdadiya Diyala
FOB Baghdad 2007 U.S. Army Special Forces and Iraqi Special Forces FOB created on Camp Liberty
FOB
FOB Mosul Nineveh
FOB Freedom
FOB
FOB
FOB Ba'quba Diyala
FOB Kirkuk Kirkuk
FOB
FOB Erbil Arbil
FOB
FOB Mosul Nineveh
FOB Fallujah Al Anbar
FOB ()
FOB Grizzly
FOB Spartan
FOB Red Lion
FOB Barbarian		 Al Khalis Diyala April 2003 January 2009
FOB (Al Taqaddum AB handed over to Iraqis on April 5, 2020[29][30])
FOB ()
FOB 2007 33.791944, 44.605278 Besmaya Range Complex
FOB Baghdad
FOB
FOB
FOB Green Zone
FOB Hope
Camp Hope
Camp War Eagle		 Baghdad
FOB
FOB Najaf Najaf
FOB
FOB Ramadi Al Anbar
FOB Mosul Nineveh
FOB
FOB Ironhorse Tikrit Saladin April 2003 May 2004 Renamed FOB Danger
FOB Iskandariyah
FOB Chosin		 Iskandariya/Al-Musayab Babil 2005 2009 FOB Dismantled, Power Plant returned to civilian control Located on the grounds of the Musayyib Power Plant
FOB Ramadi Al Anbar
FOB
FOB Kalsu Al-Musayab Babil May 2003 2011 Renamed COS Kalsu
FOB
FOB Fallujah Al Anbar
FOB Loyalty Baghdad 2003 August 2011
FOB renamed FOB Orion (vicinity of LSA Anaconda, Balad Air Base)
FOB (Habbaniyah AB)
FOB Hawija/Al-Hawija District Kirkuk Governorate E of Kirkuk
FOB MacKenzie Samarra Saladin Formerly FOB Pacesetter
FOB Sadr City Baghdad
FOB Fallujah Al Anbar
FOB
FOB Baghdad International Airport
FOB
FOB Sinjar District Nineveh
FOB
FOB Al-Muqdadiya Diyala March 2003
FOB Tikrit Saladin
FOB
FOB Now MacKenzie
FOB Tikrit Saladin Apr 2003
FOB Ramadi Al Anbar
FOB Paliwoda 2004 2009 Transferred to Iraqi Control and renamed Balad Joint Coordination Center. Formerly FOB Eagle
FOB
FOB
FOB Dohuk Dohuk
FOB Prosperity
Camp Prosperity		 Baghdad 2003 Transferred to Iraqi Control Located at As-Salam
FOB Q-West Just outside Mosul Nineveh Formerly FOB Endurance
FOB Near An Nukhayb Al Anbar 2003 Mudayasis Airfield
FOB Tikrit Saladin
FOB
FOB
FOB Tikrit Saladin 2003 August 2006 Transferred to Iraqi Control Tikrit South Air Base
FOB
(Al Taqaddum AB handed over to Iraqis on April 5, 2020[31][32])
FOB
Diana Soran
FOB Balad Ruz Diyala
FOB 33.282836, 44.519937 (former )
FOB Ramadi Al Anbar
FOB
FOB Fallujah Al Anbar September 2003 Renamed Camp Fallujah in March 2004
FOB
Mahmudiya Baghdad
FOB 2007 Created next to FOB Hammer and Besmaya Range Complex
FOB SE of Karbala[33]
FOB
FOB Speicher 2003 Renamed COB Speicher
FOB Green Zone
FOB
FOB Sykes Tel Afar Nineveh FOB Sykes was located approximately five miles south of the Iraqi city of Tal Afar (Ninewah Governorate) and 40 miles east of the Iraq–Syria border.[34]
FOB
Baiji Saladin
FOB
FOB
FOB Ramadi Al Anbar Joint Security Station erected around an old Iraqi police station
FOB Al-Qa'im Al Anbar
FOB
FOB Green Zone
FOB
FOB Green Zone/Baghdad 2011 NATO Training Mission - Iraq[17]: 1 
Office Of Security Cooperation - Iraq[17]: 1 
FOB Baghdad
FOB Baghdad
FOB ()
FOB Warrior Kirkuk Kirkuk AB
FOB Al Asad AB
FOB
FOB Balad AB
FOB
FOB
FOB

Joint Base (JB)[]

Type Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
Joint Balad
Anaconda Logistical Support Area
Camp Anaconda		 Balad Saladin April 2003 2011 Handed over to Iraqi Air Force on Nov. 8, 2011 [17]: 1 (Balad Air Base)

Joint Security Station (JSS)[]

Type Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
JSS Falcon
Camp Al-Saqr
Forward Operating Base Falcon
Camp Ferrin-Huggins
Camp Falcon
Shield		 Baghdad 2003 July 2011 Became HQ for 7/2 Iraqi federal police brigade when handed over in 2011
JSS 2-7 Cavalry[17]: 11 

Patrol Base (PB)[]

Type Name District Governorate Opened Closed Fate Notes
PB Samarra Saladin Supplied by Camp Brassfield Mora[35]
PB Samarra Saladin Supplied by Camp Brassfield Mora[35]

Other nomenclatures[]

References[]

  1. ^ "US ends Iraq war chapter". Al Jazeera. 22 December 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ "Huge U.S. air base returned to Iraqi control". Reuters. 9 November 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  3. ^ "US transfers Q-West airfield to Iraqi forces citing progress in fight against ISIS". Military Times. March 29, 2020.
  4. ^ "Iraq & Kuwait U.S. Bases (Summer 2009)" (PDF). Stars and Stripes. April 1, 2020.
  5. ^ "Coalition denies reports of withdrawal from Harir airfield". Kurdistan24.net.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ^ "Fort Apache". Newsweek. April 4, 2020.
  7. ^ "Babylon an oasis for troops". Stars and Stripes. April 4, 2020.
  8. ^ "Damage to Babylon Assessed". The Los Angeles Times. April 4, 2020.
  9. ^ "Playing for Bragging Rights". DVIDS. April 5, 2020.
  10. ^ Thompson, Mark (April 5, 2020). "I Didn't Want Anybody to Go to Jail". Time.
  11. ^ "Once bustling U.S. base in Basra now a ghost town". Stars and Stripes. April 5, 2020.
  12. ^ "A New Hotel, Where the Stay Used to Be Mandatory". The New York Times. April 5, 2020.
  13. ^ a b "POEMS - Najaf" (PDF). U.S. Army. April 5, 2020.
  14. ^ "Unprecedented recruiting event yields record 60-plus recruits". USMC. April 5, 2020.
  15. ^ "Building Security In Barwanah". Space War. April 5, 2020.
  16. ^ ""Closed" Iraq torture jail still open - rights group". Reuters. April 4, 2020.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am Morgan, W (2011). Iraq Order Of Battle 2011. US: Institute for the Study of War.
  18. ^ "More U.S. bases close, transfer to Iraqi military". Army.mil. July 21, 2010.
  19. ^ "US hands over another air base to Iraqi forces". MilitaryTimes. April 5, 2020.
  20. ^ "Marines, Coalition Forces Pull out of Iraq's Taqaddum Air Base | Military.com". Military.com. April 5, 2020.
  21. ^ Self-sufficient soldiers make the best of life at Combat Outpost Aztec
  22. ^ "Iraqi army takes over Combat Outpost Dragon". DVIDS. April 6, 2020.
  23. ^ "Once bustling U.S. base in Basra now a ghost town". Stars and Stripes. April 5, 2020.
  24. ^ "US-led coalition troops pull out of base in western Iraq". 20 March 2020.
  25. ^ Cerami, Eric (September 5, 2018). "Firebase Saham [Image 10 of 40]". Defense Visual Information Distribution Service.
  26. ^ Samir [@obretix] (October 21, 2018). "Firebase Saham twitter.com/Tom_Antonov/status/1050779065907597312 … www.google.com/maps ll=34.361809,41.130165&q=34.361809,41.130165&hl=en&t=h&z=18 …" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  27. ^ "U.S. Department of Defense".
  28. ^ NBC News and http://www.commondreams.org/headline/2009/01/04-1
  29. ^ "US hands over another air base to Iraqi forces". MilitaryTimes. April 5, 2020.
  30. ^ "Marines, Coalition Forces Pull out of Iraq's Taqaddum Air Base | Military.com". Military.com. April 5, 2020.
  31. ^ "US hands over another air base to Iraqi forces". MilitaryTimes. April 5, 2020.
  32. ^ "Marines, Coalition Forces Pull out of Iraq's Taqaddum Air Base | Military.com". Military.com. April 5, 2020.
  33. ^ Bernstein 2005, p. 51.
  34. ^ Tall 'Afar
  35. ^ a b "POEMS - Brassfield Mora" (PDF). U.S. Army. April 5, 2020.
  • Bernstein, J (2005). AH-64 Apache Units Of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom. UK: Osprey Publishing Ltd. ISBN 1-84176-848-0.

External links[]

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