List of astronauts by name

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an alphabetical list of astronauts, people selected to train for a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft.

For a list of everyone who has flown in space, see List of space travelers by name.

More than 600 people have been trained as astronauts. Until recently, astronauts were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments, either by the military or by civilian space agencies. However, with the advent of suborbital flight starting with privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004, a new category of astronaut was created: the commercial astronaut.

While the term astronaut is sometimes applied to anyone who trains for travel into space—including scientists, politicians, journalists, and tourists—this article lists only professional astronauts, those who have been selected to train professionally. This includes national space programs, industry and commercial space programs which train and/or hire their own professional astronauts.

The flags indicate the astronaut's primary citizenship during his or her time as an astronaut. The symbol ♀ identifies female astronauts. The symbol △ indicates astronauts who have left low Earth orbit. The symbol ▲ indicates astronauts who have walked on the Moon. The symbol † indicates astronauts who have died in incidents related to a space program.

A[]

  • United States Joseph M. Acaba (1967–) — STS-119, Soyuz TMA-04M, Soyuz MS-06
  • United States Loren Acton (1936–) — STS-51-F
  • United States Mike Adams (1930–1967) † — Died in the X-15 Flight 191 break up.
  • United States James Adamson (1946–) — STS-28, STS-43
  • Soviet Union Russia Viktor M. AfanasyevSoyuz TM-11, Soyuz TM-18, Soyuz TM-29, Soyuz TM-33/32
  • Kazakhstan Aydyn AimbetovSoyuz TMA-18M
  • United States Thomas AkersSTS-41, STS-49, STS-61, STS-79
  • Soviet Union Vladimir AksyonovSoyuz 22, Soyuz T-2
  • United States Buzz Aldrin △▲ — Gemini 12, Apollo 11. Second person to walk on the Moon.
  • Bulgaria Aleksandar Panayotov AleksandrovSoyuz TM-5
  • Soviet Union Aleksandr Pavlovich AleksandrovSoyuz T-9, Soyuz TM-3
  • United States Andrew M. AllenSTS-46, STS-62, STS-75
  • United States Joseph P. AllenSTS-5, STS-51-A
  • United States Michael Alsbury † — Commercial astronaut, died in the VSSEnterprise test flight PF04 crash
  • United States Christopher AltmanNASA-trained Commercial astronaut, Association of Spaceflight Professionals 2011[1][2]
  • United States Scott AltmanSTS-90, STS-106, STS-109, STS-125
  • United States William Anders △ — Apollo 8
  • United States Clayton AndersonSTS-117/120, STS-131
  • United States Michael P. Anderson, (1959–2003) † — STS-89. Died in the Columbia reentry disintegration (STS-107).
  • United States Dominic A. AntonelliSTS-119, STS-132
  • United States Jerome AptSTS-37, STS-47, STS-59, STS-79
  • United States Lee ArchambaultSTS-117, STS-119
  • United States Neil Armstrong (1930–2012) △▲ — Gemini 8, Apollo 11. First person to walk on the Moon.[3][4]
  • United States Richard R. ArnoldSTS-119, Soyuz MS-08
  • Soviet Union Anatoly ArtsebarskySoyuz TM-12
  • Soviet Union Yuri Artyukhin (1930–1998) — Soyuz 14
  • United States Jeffrey AshbySTS-93, STS-100, STS-112
  • Soviet Union Oleg AtkovSoyuz T-10/11
  • Soviet Union Toktar AubakirovSoyuz TM-13/12
  • United States Serena M. Auñón-Chancellor♀Soyuz MS-09, Expedition 56/57
  • Russia Sergei AvdeyevSoyuz TM-15, Soyuz TM-22

B[]

  • United States James P. Bagian, M.D. — STS-29, STS-40
  • United States Ellen S. Baker, M.D.♀STS-34, STS-50, STS-71
  • United States Michael BakerSTS-43, STS-52, STS-68, STS-81
  • Soviet Union Aleksandr BalandinSoyuz TM-9
  • United States Michael R. Barratt, M.D. — Soyuz TMA-14, STS-133
  • United States Kayla Barron♀SpaceX Crew-3
  • United States Daniel BarrySTS-72, STS-96, STS-105
  • United States John-David F. BartoeSTS-51-F
  • United States Charlie Bassett (1931–1966) — No flights. Originally assigned to Gemini 9.
  • Russia Yuri BaturinSoyuz TM-28/27, Soyuz TM-32/31
  • France Patrick BaudrySTS-51-G
  • United States Alan Bean (1932–2018) △▲ — Apollo 12, Skylab 3
  • United States Robert L. BehnkenSTS-123, STS-130, Crew Dragon Demo-2
  • Slovakia Ivan BellaSoyuz TM-29/28
  • Soviet Union Pavel Belyayev (1925–1970) — Voskhod 2
  • Soviet Union Georgi Beregovoi (1921–1995) — Soyuz 3
  • Soviet Union Anatoli Berezovoy (1942–2014) — Soyuz T-5/7
  • United States Brian BinnieSpaceShipOne flight 17P
  • United States John BlahaSTS-29, STS-33, STS-43, STS-58, STS-79/81
  • United States Michael J. BloomfieldSTS-86, STS-97, STS-110
  • United States Guion BlufordSTS-8, STS-61-A, STS-39, STS-53
  • United States Karol BobkoSTS-6, STS-51-D, STS-51-J
  • United States Eric A. BoeSTS-126, STS-133
  • United States Charles BoldenSTS-61-C, STS-31, STS-45, STS-60
  • Canada Roberta Bondar, M.D.♀STS-42
  • Soviet Union Valentin Bondarenko (1937–1961) † — No flights. Died from a training-related fire accident.
  • Russia Andrei BorisenkoSoyuz TMA-21, Soyuz MS-02
  • United States Frank Borman △ — Gemini 7, Apollo 8
  • United States Stephen G. BowenSTS-126, STS-132, STS-133
  • United States Kenneth BowersoxSTS-50, STS-61, STS-73, STS-82, STS-113/Soyuz TMA-1
  • United States Charles E. Brady, Jr., M.D. (1951–2006) — STS-78
  • United States Vance BrandApollo-Soyuz Test Project, STS-5, STS-41-B, STS-35
  • United States Daniel BrandensteinSTS-8, STS-51-G, STS-32, STS-49
  • United States Randolph BresnikSTS-129
  • United States Roy BridgesSTS-51-F
  • United States Curtis BrownSTS-47, STS-66, STS-77, STS-85, STS-95, STS-103
  • United States David M. Brown (1956–2003) † — Died in the Columbia reentry disintegration (STS-107)
  • United States Mark BrownSTS-28, STS-48
  • United States James BuchliSTS-51-C, STS-61-A, STS-29, STS-48
  • United States Jay C. Buckey, M.D. — STS-90
  • Russia Nikolai BudarinSTS-71/Soyuz TM-21, Soyuz TM-27, STS-113/Soyuz TMA-1
  • United States John S. Bull (1934–2008) — No flights.
  • United States Daniel BurbankSTS-106, STS-115, Soyuz TMA-22
  • United States Daniel BurschSTS-51, STS-68, STS-77, STS-108/111
  • Soviet Union Valery BykovskyVostok 5, Soyuz 22, Soyuz 31/29

C[]

  • United States Robert D. CabanaSTS-41, STS-53, STS-65, STS-88
  • United States Yvonne Cagle, M.D.♀ — No flights.
  • United States Fernando Caldeiro (1958–2009) — No flights.
  • United States Charles CamardaSTS-114
  • United States Kenneth D. CameronSTS-37, STS-56, STS-74
  • United States Zena Cardman♀ — No flights.
  • United States Duane G. CareySTS-109
  • United States Scott Carpenter (1925–2013) — Mercury 7[5]
  • United States Gerald P. CarrSkylab 4
  • United States Sonny Carter, M.D. (1947–1991) — STS-33
  • United States John CasperSTS-36, STS-54, STS-62, STS-77
  • United States Josh Cassada — No flights.
  • United States Christopher CassidySTS-127 Soyuz MS-16
  • United States Robert J. CenkerSTS-61-C
  • United States Eugene Cernan (1934–2017) △▲ — Gemini 9A, Apollo 10, Apollo 17
  • United States Roger B. Chaffee (1935–1967) † — Died in the Apollo 1 fire accident.
  • United States Gregory ChamitoffSTS-124/126, STS-134
  • Costa Rica United States Franklin Chang-DiazSTS-61-C, STS-34, STS-46, STS-60, STS-75, STS-91, STS-111
  • Australia United States Philip K. Chapman — No flights.
  • United States Raja ChariSpaceX Crew-3
  • India United States Kalpana Chawla♀ (1961–2003) † — STS-87. Died in the Columbia reentry disintegration (STS-107).
  • Italy Maurizio CheliSTS-75
  • China Chen DongShenzhou 11.
  • China Chen Quan — No flights. Backup for Shenzhou 7.
  • United States Leroy ChiaoSTS-65, STS-72, STS-92, Soyuz TMA-5
  • United States Kevin P. ChiltonSTS-49, STS-59, STS-76
  • France Jean-Loup ChrétienSoyuz T-6, Soyuz TM-7/6, STS-86
  • United States Laurel B. Clark, M.D.♀ (1961–2003) † — Died in the Columbia reentry disintegration (STS-107)
  • United States Mary L. Cleave♀STS-61-B, STS-30
  • France Jean-François Clervoy, EAC — STS-66, STS-84, STS-103
  • United States Michael R. CliffordSTS-53, STS-59, STS-76
  • United States Michael CoatsSTS-41-D, STS-29, STS-39
  • United States Kenneth CockrellSTS-56, STS-69, STS-80, STS-98, STS-111
  • United States Catherine Coleman ♀STS-73, STS-93, Soyuz TMA-20
  • United States Eileen Collins♀STS-63, STS-84, STS-93, STS-114
  • United States Michael Collins (1930-2021) △ — Gemini 10, Apollo 11
  • United States Charles "Pete" Conrad (1930–1999) △▲ — Gemini 5, Gemini 11, Apollo 12, Skylab 2
  • United States Gordon Cooper (1927–2004) — Mercury 9, Gemini 5
  • United States Richard O. CoveySTS-51-I, STS-26, STS-38, STS-61
  • United States Timothy CreamerSoyuz TMA-17
  • United States John O. CreightonSTS-51-G, STS-36, STS-48
  • United States Robert CrippenSTS-1, STS-7, STS-41-C, STS-41-G
  • Italy Samantha Cristoforetti♀Soyuz TMA-15M
  • United States Roger K. CrouchSTS-83, STS-94
  • United States Frank L. Culbertson, Jr.STS-38, STS-51, STS-105/108
  • United States Walter CunninghamApollo 7
  • United States Robert CurbeamSTS-85, STS-98, STS-116
  • United States Nancy J. Currie♀STS-57, STS-70, STS-88, STS-109

D[]

  • United States Bill DanaX-15 flights 174 and 197
  • United States Nancy Jan Davis♀STS-47, STS-60, STS-85
  • United States Lawrence J. DeLucasSTS-50
  • Belgium Frank De WinneSoyuz TMA-1/TM-34, Soyuz TMA-15
  • Russia Vladimir N. DezhurovSoyuz TM-21/STS-71
  • Soviet Union Georgi Dobrovolski (1928–1971) † — Died in the Soyuz 11 reentry depressurisation
  • Japan Takao DoiSTS-87, STS-123
  • United States Matthew Dominick — No flights
  • United States B. Alvin DrewSTS-118, STS-133
  • Russia Pyotr DubrovSoyuz MS-18
  • United States Brian DuffySTS-45, STS-57, STS-72, STS-92
  • United States Charles Duke △▲ — Apollo 16
  • United States Bonnie J. Dunbar♀STS-61-A, STS-32, STS-50, STS-71, STS-89
  • Spain Pedro DuqueSTS-95, Soyuz TMA-3/2
  • United States Samuel T. DurranceSTS-35, STS-67
  • United States James DuttonSTS-131
  • Soviet Union Lev Dyomin (1926–1998) — Soyuz 15
  • United States Tracy Caldwell Dyson♀STS-118, Soyuz TMA-18
  • Soviet Union Vladimir DzhanibekovSoyuz 27/26, Soyuz 39, Soyuz T-6, Soyuz T-12, Soyuz T-13

E[]

  • United States Joe EdwardsSTS-89
  • United States Donn F. Eisele (1930–1987) — Apollo 7
  • United States Anthony W. EnglandSTS-51-F
  • United States Joe H. EngleX-15 flights 138, 143, and 153, STS-2, STS-51-I
  • United States Jeanette J. Epps♀ — No flights
  • United States Ronald Evans (1933–1990) △ — Apollo 17
  • Germany Reinhold EwaldSoyuz TM-25/24
  • France Léopold Eyharts, EAC — Soyuz TM-27/26, STS-122/123

F[]

  • United States John FabianSTS-7, STS-51-G
  • Syria Muhammed FarisSoyuz TM-3/2
  • Hungary Bertalan FarkasSoyuz 36/35
  • France Jean-Jacques FavierSTS-78
  • China Fei JunlongShenzhou 6
  • Soviet Union Konstantin Feoktistov (1926–2009) — Voskhod 1
  • United States Christopher FergusonSTS-115, STS-126, STS-135
  • United States Martin J. FettmanSTS-58
  • United States Andrew J. FeustelSTS-125, STS-134
  • Soviet Union Anatoly FilipchenkoSoyuz 7, Soyuz 16
  • United States Michael FinckeSoyuz TMA-4, Soyuz TMA-13, STS-134
  • United States John L. Finley (1935–2006) — No flights. Trained for the MOL program.
  • United States Jack D. FischerSoyuz MS-04
  • United States Anna Lee Fisher, M.D.♀STS-51-A
  • United States William Frederick Fisher, M.D. — STS-51-I
  • Germany Klaus-Dietrich FladeSoyuz TM-14/13
  • United Kingdom United States Michael FoaleSTS-45, STS-56, STS-63, STS-84/86, STS-103, Soyuz TMA-3
  • United States Kevin A. FordSTS-128, Soyuz TMA-06M
  • United States Michael ForemanSTS-123, STS-129
  • United States Patrick ForresterSTS-105, STS-117, STS-128
  • United States Michael FossumSTS-121, STS-124, Soyuz TMA-02M
  • United States Ted Freeman (1930–1964) — No flights
  • United States Stephen FrickSTS-110, STS-122
  • Belgium Dirk FrimoutSTS-45
  • Sweden Christer FuglesangSTS-116, STS-128
  • United States Gordon Fullerton (1936–2013) — STS-3, STS-51-F
  • United States Wally Funk♀Blue Origin NS-16
  • Germany Reinhard Furrer (1940–1995) — STS-61-A
  • Japan Satoshi FurukawaSoyuz TMA-02M franklin Chang

G[]

  • United States F. Drew Gaffney, M.D. — STS-40
  • Soviet Union Yuri Gagarin (1934–1968)† — Vostok 1. First person in space.Died in a training flight.
  • United States Ronald GaranSTS-124, Soyuz TMA-21
  • United States Dale Gardner (1948–2014) — STS-8, STS-51-A
  • United States Guy GardnerSTS-27, STS-35
  • Canada Marc GarneauSTS-41-G, STS-77, STS-97
  • United States Owen Garriott (1930–2019) — Skylab 3, STS-9
  • United States Charles GemarSTS-38, STS-48, STS-62
  • United States Michael GernhardtSTS-69, STS-83, STS-94, STS-104
  • Germany Alexander GerstSoyuz TMA-13M
  • United States Edward GibsonSkylab 4
  • United States Robert L. GibsonSTS-41-B, STS-61-C, STS-27, STS-47, STS-71
  • Russia Yuri GidzenkoSoyuz TM-22, Soyuz TM-31/STS-102, Soyuz TM-34/Soyuz TM-33
  • United States Ed Givens (1930–1967) — No flights. NASA group 5.
  • Soviet Union Yuri Glazkov (1939–2008) — Soyuz 24
  • United States John Glenn (1921–2016) — Mercury 6, STS-95
  • United States Victor GloverSpaceX Crew-1
  • United States Linda Godwin♀STS-37, STS-59, STS-76, STS-108
  • United States Michael T. GoodSTS-125, STS-132
  • Soviet Union Viktor GorbatkoSoyuz 7, Soyuz 24, Soyuz 37/36
  • United States Richard Gordon (1929–2017) △ — Gemini 11, Apollo 12
  • United States Dominic GorieSTS-91, STS-99, STS-108, STS-123
  • United States Ronald GrabeSTS-51-J, STS-30, STS-42, STS-57
  • United States Duane Graveline, M.D. (1931–2016) — No flights
  • Soviet Union Georgi Grechko (1931–2017) — Soyuz 17, Soyuz 26/27, Soyuz T-14/13
  • United States Frederick GregorySTS-51-B, STS-33, STS-44
  • United States William GregorySTS-67
  • United States David Griggs (1939–1989) — STS-51-D
  • United States Virgil I. "Gus" Grissom (1926–1967) † — Mercury-Redstone 4, Gemini 3. Died in the Apollo 1 fire accident.
  • United States John GrunsfeldSTS-67, STS-81, STS-103, STS-109, STS-125
  • Soviet Union Aleksei GubarevSoyuz 17, Soyuz 28
  • Italy Umberto GuidoniSTS-75, STS-100
  • Mongolia Jügderdemidiin GürragchaaSoyuz 39
  • United States Sidney GutierrezSTS-40, STS-59

H[]

  • Canada Chris HadfieldSTS-74, STS-100, Expedition 34, Expedition 35, Soyuz TMA-07M
  • United States Nick HagueSoyuz MS-10, Soyuz MS-12
  • France Claudie Haigneré♀, EAC — Soyuz TM-24/23, Soyuz TM-33/32
  • France Jean-Pierre Haigneré, EAC — Soyuz TM-17/16, Soyuz TM-29
  • United States Fred Haise △ — Apollo 13
  • United States James HalsellSTS-65, STS-74, STS-83, STS-94, STS-101
  • United States Kenneth HamSTS-124, STS-132
  • United States Christina Hammock Koch♀Soyuz MS-12/Soyuz MS-13 (Expedition 59/60/61). A member of the first all-female EVA team.
  • United States Lloyd HammondSTS-39, STS-64
  • Canada Jeremy Hansen — No flights
  • United States Gregory HarbaughSTS-39, STS-54, STS-71, STS-82
  • United States Bernard A. Harris, Jr.STS-55, STS-63
  • United States Terry HartSTS-41-C
  • United States Henry Hartsfield (1933–2014) — STS-4, STS-41-D, STS-61-A
  • United States Frederick HauckSTS-7, STS-51-A, STS-26
  • United States Steven HawleySTS-41-D, STS-61-C, STS-31, STS-82, STS-93
  • United States Susan Helms♀STS-54, STS-64, STS-78, STS-101, STS-102/105
  • United States Karl Henize (1926–1993) — STS-51-F
  • United States Thomas HennenSTS-44
  • United States Terence HenricksSTS-44, STS-55, STS-70, STS-78
  • Poland Mirosław HermaszewskiSoyuz 30
  • United States José M. HernándezSTS-128
  • United States John HerringtonSTS-113
  • United States Richard HiebSTS-39, STS-49, STS-65
  • United States Joan Higginbotham♀STS-116
  • United States David HilmersSTS-51-J, STS-26, STS-36, STS-42
  • United States Robert Hines — No flights
  • United States Kathryn Hire♀STS-90, STS-130
  • United States Charles HobaughSTS-104, STS-118, STS-129
  • United States Warren Hoburg — No flights
  • United States Jeffrey HoffmanSTS-51-D, STS-35, STS-46, STS-61, STS-75
  • United States Donald Holmquest, M.D. — No flights
  • United States Michael S. HopkinsSoyuz TMA-10M, SpaceX Crew-1
  • United States Scott HorowitzSTS-75, STS-82, STS-101, STS-105
  • Japan Akihiko HoshideSTS-124, Soyuz TMA-05M, SpaceX Crew-2
  • United States Millie Hughes-Fulford♀STS-40
  • United States Douglas G. HurleySTS-127, STS-135, Crew Dragon Demo-2
  • United States Rick Husband (1957–2003) † — STS-96. Died in the Columbia reentry disintegration (STS-107).

I[]

  • United States James Irwin (1930-1991) △▲ — Apollo 15
  • Soviet Union Aleksandr IvanchenkovSoyuz 29/31
  • Russia Anatoli IvanishinSoyuz TMA-22 Soyuz MS-16
  • Bulgaria Georgi IvanovSoyuz 33
  • United States Marsha Ivins♀STS-32, STS-46, STS-62, STS-81, STS-98

J[]

  • East Germany Sigmund JähnSoyuz 31/29
  • United States Mae Jemison, M.D.♀STS-47
  • United States Tamara E. Jernigan♀STS-40, STS-52, STS-67, STS-80, STS-96
  • United States Brent W. Jett, Jr.STS-72, STS-81, STS-97, STS-115
  • China Jing HaipengShenzhou 7, Shenzhou 9, Shenzhou 11
  • United States Gregory C. JohnsonSTS-125
  • United States Gregory H. JohnsonSTS-123, STS-134
  • United States Thomas D. JonesSTS-59, STS-68, STS-80, STS-98
  • Poland Zenon JankowskiSoyuz 30 Backup

K[]

L[]

  • Soviet Union Aleksandr LaveykinSoyuz TM-2
  • United States Robert Lawrence (1935–1967) — No flights. Trained for MOL program.
  • United States Wendy Lawrence♀STS-67, STS-86, STS-91, STS-114
  • Soviet Union Vasili Lazarev (1928–1990) — Soyuz 12, Soyuz 18a
  • Russia Aleksandr LazutkinSoyuz TM-25
  • Soviet Union Valentin LebedevSoyuz 13, Soyuz T-5/7
  • United States Mark C. LeeSTS-30, STS-47, STS-64, STS-82
  • United States David LeestmaSTS-41-G, STS-28, STS-45
  • United States William B. Lenoir (1939–2010) — STS-5
  • Soviet Union Alexei Leonov (1934-2019) — Voskhod 2, Soyuz 19. First space walk.
  • United States Frederick W. LeslieSTS-73
  • Soviet Union Anatoli Levchenko (1941–1988) — Soyuz TM-4/3
  • United States Byron LichtenbergSTS-9, STS-45
  • United States Don LindSTS-51-B
  • United States Kjell N. LindgrenSoyuz TMA-17M
  • United States Steven LindseySTS-87, STS-95, STS-104, STS-121, STS-133
  • United States Jerry LinengerSTS-64, STS-81/84
  • United States Richard LinnehanSTS-78, STS-90, STS-109, STS-123
  • United States Gregory LinterisSTS-83, STS-94
  • China Liu BomingShenzhou 7, Shenzhou 12
  • China Liu WangShenzhou 9
  • China Liu Yang♀Shenzhou 9
  • United States Anthony Llewellyn — No flights
  • United States Paul LockhartSTS-111, STS-113
  • Russia Yuri LonchakovSTS-100, Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34, Soyuz TMA-13
  • United States Michael Lopez-AlegriaSTS-73, STS-92, STS-113, Soyuz TMA-9
  • United States Christopher Loria — No flights
  • United States John LoungeSTS-51-I, STS-26, STS-35
  • United States Jack LousmaSkylab 3, STS-3
  • United States Stanley G. LoveSTS-122
  • United States Jim Lovell △ — Gemini 7, Gemini 12, Apollo 8, Apollo 13
  • United States G. David Low (1956–2008) — STS-32, STS-43, STS-57
  • United States Edward LuSTS-84, STS-106, Soyuz TMA-2
  • United States Shannon Lucid♀STS-51-G, STS-34, STS-43, STS-58, STS-76/79.
  • Soviet Union Vladimir LyakhovSoyuz 32/34, Soyuz T-9, Soyuz TM-6/5

M[]

  • United Kingdom David MackayVSS Unity VF-01
  • Canada Steven MacLeanSTS-52, STS-115
  • United States Sandra Magnus♀STS-112, STS-126/119, STS-135
  • Soviet Union Oleg Makarov (1933–2003) — Soyuz 12, Soyuz 18a, Soyuz 27/26, Soyuz T-3
  • Russia Yuri MalenchenkoSoyuz TM-19, STS-106, Soyuz TMA-2, Soyuz TMA-11, Soyuz TMA-05M, Soyuz TMA-19M
  • Italy Franco MalerbaSTS-46
  • India Ravish Malhotra — No flights. India's backup cosmonaut for the Intercosmos program.
  • Soviet Union Yuri Malyshev (1941–1999) — Soyuz T-2, Soyuz T-11/10
  • Soviet Union Russia Gennadi ManakovSoyuz TM-10, Soyuz TM-16
  • Soviet Union Musa ManarovSoyuz TM-4/6, Soyuz TM-11
  • United States Nicole Aunapu Mann♀ — No flights
  • United States Thomas Marshburn, M.D. — STS-127, Soyuz TMA-07M, SpaceX Crew-3
  • United States Michael MassiminoSTS-109, STS-125
  • United States Richard MastracchioSTS-106, STS-118, STS-131, Soyuz TMA-11M
  • United States Matthias MaurerSpaceX Crew-3
  • United States Michael MasucciVSS Unity VF-01
  • United States Thomas Kenneth "Ken" Mattingly II △ — Apollo 16, STS-4, STS-51-C.
  • United States K. Megan McArthur♀STS-125, SpaceX Crew-2
  • United States William S. McArthurSTS-58, STS-74, STS-92, Soyuz TMA-7
  • United States Jon McBrideSTS-41-G
  • United States Bruce McCandless II (1937–2017) — STS-41-B, STS-31
  • United States Anne McClain♀Soyuz MS-11.
  • United States William C. McCool (1961–2003) † — Died in the Columbia reentry disintegration (STS-107)
  • United States Michael J. McCulleySTS-34
  • United States John B. McKay (1922-1975) — X-15 Flight 150 (awarded posthumously). The Flight 74 accident shortened his life.
  • United States James McDivittGemini 4, Apollo 9
  • United States Donald McMonagleSTS-39, STS-54, STS-66
  • United States Ronald McNair (1950–1986) † — STS-41-B. Died in the Challenger liftoff disintegration (STS-51L).
  • United States Carl MeadeSTS-38, STS-50, STS-64
  • United States Jessica Meir♀Soyuz MS-15 (Expedition 61/62). A member of the first all-female EVA team.
  • United States Bruce MelnickSTS-41, STS-49
  • United States Pamela Melroy♀STS-92, STS-112, STS-120
  • United States Mike MelvillSpaceShipOne flight 15P and 16P
  • United States Leland D. MelvinSTS-122, STS-129
  • Germany Ulf MerboldSTS-9, STS-42, Soyuz TM-20/19
  • Germany Ernst MesserschmidSTS-61-A
  • United States Dorothy M. Metcalf-Lindenburger♀STS-131
  • United States Curt Michel (1934–2015) — No flights
  • Russia Aleksandr MisurkinSoyuz TMA-08M, Soyuz MS-06
  • United States Edgar Mitchell (1930–2016) △▲ — Apollo 14
  • Denmark Andreas MogensenSoyuz TMA-18M
  • United States Jasmin Moghbeli♀ — No flights
  • Afghanistan Abdul Ahad MohmandSoyuz TM-6/5
  • Japan Mamoru MohriSTS-47, STS-99
  • United States Andrew R. MorganSoyuz MS-13
  • United States Barbara Morgan♀STS-118
  • United States Lee MorinSTS-110
  • Russia Boris Morukov (1950–2015) — STS-106
  • United States Beth MosesVSS Unity VF-01
  • Japan Chiaki Mukai, M.D.♀STS-65, STS-95
  • United States Richard MullaneSTS-41-D, STS-27, STS-36
  • Soviet Union Kazakhstan Talgat MusabayevSoyuz TM-19, Soyuz TM-27, Soyuz TM-32/31
  • United States Story Musgrave, M.D. — STS-6, STS-51-F, STS-33, STS-44, STS-61, STS-80

N[]

  • United States Steven R. NagelSTS-51-G, STS-61-A, STS-37, STS-55
  • United States George NelsonSTS-41-C, STS-61-C, STS-26
  • Soviet Union Grigori Nelyubov (1934–1966) — No flights. Vostok backup.
  • Mexico Rodolfo Neri VelaSTS-61-B
  • Italy Paolo A. NespoliSTS-120, Soyuz TMA-20
  • United States James H. NewmanSTS-51, STS-69, STS-88, STS-109
  • Switzerland Claude NicollierSTS-46, STS-61, STS-75, STS-103
  • China Nie HaishengShenzhou 6, Shenzhou 10, Shenzhou 12
  • Soviet Union Andriyan Nikolayev (1929–2004) — Vostok 3, Soyuz 9
  • Japan Soichi NoguchiSTS-114, Soyuz TMA-17, SpaceX Crew-1
  • Peru United States Carlos I. NoriegaSTS-84, STS-97
  • Russia Oleg NovitskiySoyuz TMA-06M, Soyuz MS-18
  • United States Lisa Nowak♀STS-121
  • United States Karen Nyberg♀STS-124, Soyuz TMA-09M

O[]

  • United States Bryan O'ConnorSTS-61-B, STS-40
  • United States Ellen Ochoa♀STS-56, STS-66, STS-96, STS-110
  • Netherlands Wubbo Ockels (1946–2014) — STS-61-A
  • United States William OefeleinSTS-116
  • United States Loral O'Hara♀ — No flights
  • United States Brian O'Leary — No flights
  • United States John D. OlivasSTS-117, STS-128
  • Japan Takuya OnishiExpedition 48/49.
  • United States Ellison Onizuka (1946–1986) † — STS-51-C. Died in the Challenger liftoff disintegration (STS-51L).
  • Russia Yuri OnufrienkoSoyuz TM-23, STS-108/111
  • United States Stephen OswaldSTS-42, STS-56, STS-67
  • Russia Aleksey OvchininSoyuz TMA-20M
  • United States Robert Overmyer (1936–1996) — STS-5, STS-51-B

P[]

  • Russia Gennady PadalkaSoyuz TM-28, Soyuz TMA-4, Soyuz TMA-14, Soyuz TMA-04M, Soyuz TMA-16M
  • United States William PailesSTS-51-J
  • United States Scott Parazynski, M.D. — STS-66, STS-86, STS-95, STS-100, STS-120
  • United States Ronald A. Parise (1951–2008) — STS-35, STS-67
  • United States Robert ParkerSTS-9, STS-35
  • Italy Luca ParmitanoSoyuz TMA-09M
  • United Kingdom United States Nicholas PatrickSTS-116, STS-130
  • Soviet Union Viktor Patsayev (1933–1971) † — Died in the Soyuz 11 reentry depressurisation.
  • United States James PawelczykSTS-90
  • Canada Julie Payette♀STS-96, STS-127
  • United States Gary PaytonSTS-51-C
  • United Kingdom Timothy PeakeSoyuz TMA-19M
  • France Philippe Perrin, EAC — STS-111
  • France Thomas PesquetSoyuz MS-03, SpaceX Crew-2
  • United States Donald PetersonSTS-6
  • United States Donald PettitSTS-113/Soyuz TMA-1, STS-126, Soyuz TMA-03M
  • Vietnam Phạm TuânSoyuz 37/36
  • United States John PhillipsSTS-100, Soyuz TMA-6, STS-119
  • United States William PogueSkylab 4
  • United States Alan G. Poindexter (1961–2012) — STS-122, STS-131
  • United States Mark PolanskySTS-98, STS-116, STS-127
  • Russia Alexander PoleshchukSoyuz TM-16
  • Soviet Union Russia Valeri Polyakov, M.D. — Soyuz TM-6/7, Soyuz TM-18/20
  • Brazil Marcos PontesSoyuz TMA-8
  • Soviet Union Leonid PopovSoyuz 35/37, Soyuz 40, Soyuz T-7/5
  • Soviet Union Pavel Popovich (1930–2009) — Vostok 4, Soyuz 14
  • United States Charles PrecourtSTS-55, STS-71, STS-84, STS-91
  • Socialist Republic of Romania Dumitru PrunariuSoyuz 40

R[]

  • Israel Ilan Ramon (1954-2003) — Died in the Columbia reentry disintegration (STS-107)
  • United States William ReaddySTS-42, STS-51, STS-79
  • United States Kenneth ReightlerSTS-48, STS-60
  • United States James F. ReillySTS-89, STS-104, STS-117
  • United States Garrett ReismanSTS-123/124, STS-132
  • Germany Thomas ReiterSoyuz TM-22, STS-121/116 Expedition 13
  • Czechoslovakia Vladimír RemekSoyuz 28
  • United States Judith Resnik♀ (1949–1986) — STS-41D. Died in the Challenger liftoff disintegration (STS-51L)
  • Russia Sergei RevinSoyuz TMA-04M
  • United States Paul W. RichardsSTS-102
  • United States Richard N. RichardsSTS-28, STS-41, STS-50, STS-64
  • United States Sally Ride♀ (1951–2012) — STS-7, STS-41-G. First American woman in space.
  • United States Patricia Robertson, M.D.♀ (1963–2001) — No flights
  • United States Stephen RobinsonSTS-85, STS-95, STS-114, STS-130
  • United States Russell L. Rogers (1928–1967) — No flights. Assigned to the Dyna Soar project.
  • Russia Roman RomanenkoSoyuz TMA-15 Soyuz TMA-07M
  • Soviet Union Yuri RomanenkoSoyuz 26/27, Soyuz 38, Soyuz TM-2/3
  • United States Kent RomingerSTS-73, STS-80, STS-85, STS-96, STS-100
  • United States Stuart Roosa (1933–1994) △ — Apollo 14
  • United States Jerry L. RossSTS-61-B, STS-27, STS-37, STS-55, STS-74, STS-88, STS-110
  • Soviet Union Valery RozhdestvenskySoyuz 23
  • United States Kathleen (Kate) Rubins — ISS Expedition 48, Expedition 49, Soyuz MS-17
  • Soviet Union Nikolay Rukavishnikov (1932–2002) — Soyuz 10, Soyuz 16, Soyuz 33
  • United States Mario Runco, Jr.STS-44, STS-54, STS-77
  • Russia Sergei RyazanskiSoyuz TMA-10M
  • Soviet Union Russia Valery RyuminSoyuz 25, Soyuz 32/34, Soyuz 35/37, STS-91
  • Russia Sergey RyzhikovSoyuz MS-02, Soyuz MS-17

S[]

  • United States Albert SaccoSTS-73
  • Canada David Saint-JacquesSoyuz MS-11.
  • Russia Aleksandr SamokutyayevSoyuz TMA-21, Soyuz TMA-14M
  • Soviet Union Gennadi Sarafanov (1942–2005) — Soyuz 15
  • United States Robert Satcher, M.D. — STS-129
  • Saudi Arabia Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al SaudSTS-51-G
  • Soviet Union Viktor SavinykhSoyuz T-4, Soyuz T-13/14
  • Soviet Union Svetlana Savitskaya♀Soyuz T-7/5, Soyuz T-12
  • United States Wally Schirra (1923–2007) — Mercury 8, Gemini 6A, Apollo 7
  • Germany Hans SchlegelSTS-55, STS-122
  • United States Harrison Schmitt △▲ — Apollo 17
  • United States Rusty SchweickartApollo 9
  • United States Dick Scobee (1939–1986) † — STS-41-C. Died in the Challenger liftoff disintegration (STS-51L).
  • United States David Scott △▲ — Gemini 8, Apollo 9, Apollo 15
  • United States Winston ScottSTS-72, STS-87
  • Australia United States Paul Scully-PowerSTS-41-G
  • United States Richard Searfoss (1956–2018) — STS-58, STS-76, STS-90
  • United States Rhea Seddon, M.D.♀STS-51-D, STS-40, STS-58
  • United States Elliot See (1927–1966) — No flights
  • United States Ronald SegaSTS-60, STS-76
  • United Kingdom United States Piers Sellers (1955–2016) — STS-112, STS-121, STS-132
  • Soviet Union Russia Aleksandr Serebrov (1944–2013) — Soyuz T-7/5, Soyuz T-8, Soyuz TM-8, Soyuz TM-17
  • Russia Yelena Serova♀Soyuz TMA-14M
  • Soviet Union Vitali Sevastyanov (1935–2010) — Soyuz 9, Soyuz 18
  • United States Doug ShaneCommercial astronaut, SpaceShipOne 2003
  • Russia Yuri SharginSoyuz TMA-5/4
  • Russia Salizhan SharipovSTS-89, Soyuz TMA-5
  • India Rakesh SharmaSoyuz T-11/10
  • United Kingdom Helen SharmanSoyuz TM-12, Soyuz TM-11
  • Soviet Union Vladimir ShatalovSoyuz 4, Soyuz 8, Soyuz 10
  • United States Brewster ShawSTS-9, STS-61-B, STS-28
  • United States Alan Shepard △▲ (1923–1998) — Mercury-Redstone 3, Apollo 14. First American in space.
  • United States William ShepherdSTS-27, STS-41, STS-52, Soyuz TM-31/STS-102
  • Russia Anton ShkaplerovSoyuz TMA-22, Soyuz TMA-15M
  • Soviet Union Georgi Shonin (1935–1997) — Soyuz 6
  • United States Loren ShriverSTS-51-C, STS-31, STS-46
  • Malaysia Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, M.D. — Soyuz TMA-11/10
  • United States Peter SieboldCommercial astronaut, SpaceShipOne 2003
  • Russia Oleg SkripochkaSoyuz TMA-01M
  • Russia Aleksandr SkvortsovSoyuz TMA-18, Soyuz TMA-12M
  • United States Donald "Deke" Slayton (1924–1993) — Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
  • United States Michael J. Smith (1945–1986) † — Died in the Challenger liftoff disintegration (STS-51L)
  • United States Steven SmithSTS-68, STS-82, STS-103, STS-110
  • Soviet Union Russia Anatoly SolovyevSoyuz TM-5/4, Soyuz TM-9, Soyuz TM-15, STS-71/Soyuz TM-21, Soyuz TM-26
  • Soviet Union Vladimir SolovyovSoyuz T-10/11, Soyuz T-15
  • United States Sherwood SpringSTS-61-B
  • United States Robert SpringerSTS-29, STS-38
  • United States Thomas Patten Stafford △ — Gemini 6A, Gemini 9A, Apollo 10, Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
  • United States Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper♀STS-115, STS-126
  • United States Robert StewartSTS-41-B, STS-51-J
  • United States Susan Still Kilrain♀STS-83, STS-94
  • United States Nicole Marie Passonno Stott♀STS-128, STS-133
  • Bulgaria [6] — No flights
  • Soviet Union Russia Gennady Strekalov (1940–2004) — Soyuz T-3, Soyuz T-8, Soyuz T-11/10, Soyuz TM-10, Soyuz TM-21/STS-71
  • United States Mark StuckyVSS Unity VP-03
  • United States Frederick SturckowSTS-88, STS-105, STS-117, STS-128, VSSUnity VP-03
  • United States Kathryn Sullivan♀, — STS-41-G, STS-31, STS-45
  • Russia Maksim SurayevSoyuz TMA-16, Soyuz TMA-13M
  • United States Steven SwansonSTS-117, STS-119
  • United States John "Jack" Swigert (1931–1982) △ — Apollo 13

T[]

  • Cuba Arnaldo Tamayo MéndezSoyuz 38
  • United States Daniel TaniSTS-108, STS-120/122
  • United States Joseph TannerSTS-66, STS-82, STS-97, STS-115
  • Russia Evgeny TarelkinSoyuz TMA-06M
  • United States James M. Taylor (1930–1970) — No flights. Assigned to MOL project.
  • Soviet Union Valentina Tereshkova♀Vostok 6. First woman in space.
  • United States Norman Thagard, M.D. — STS-7, STS-51-B, STS-30, STS-42, Soyuz TM-21/STS-71
  • Germany Gerhard ThieleSTS-99
  • Canada Robert Thirsk, M.D. — STS-78, Soyuz TMA-15
  • Australia United States Andrew ThomasSTS-77, STS-89/91, STS-102, STS-114
  • United States Donald ThomasSTS-65, STS-70, STS-83, STS-94
  • United States Stephen Thorne (1953–1986) — No flights. Died in a stunt plane accident before completing training.
  • United States Kathryn Thornton♀STS-33, STS-49, STS-61, STS-73
  • United States William E. Thornton, M.D. — STS-8, STS-51-B
  • United States Pierre ThuotSTS-36, STS-49, STS-62
  • Soviet Union Gherman Titov (1935–2000) — Vostok 2
  • Soviet Union Russia Vladimir TitovSoyuz T-8, Soyuz TM-4/6, STS-63, STS-86
  • China Tang HongboShenzhou 12
  • France Michel Tognini, EAC — Soyuz TM-15/14, STS-93
  • Russia Valery TokarevSTS-96, Soyuz TMA-7
  • Russia Sergei TreshchovSTS-111/113
  • United States Eugene TrinhSTS-50
  • United States Richard TrulySTS-2, STS-8
  • Iceland Canada Bjarni TryggvasonSTS-85
  • Russia Vasili TsibliyevSoyuz TM-17, Soyuz TM-25
  • Russia Mikhail TyurinSTS-105/108, Soyuz TMA-9, Soyuz TMA-11M

U[]

V[]

W[]

  • Japan Koichi WakataSTS-72, STS-92, STS-119/127, Soyuz TMA-11M
  • United States Rex WalheimSTS-110, STS-122, STS-135
  • United States Charles D. WalkerSTS-41-D, STS-51-D, STS-61-B
  • United States David M. Walker (1944–2001) — STS-51-A, STS-30, STS-53, STS-69
  • United States Joseph A. Walker (1921–1966) — X-15 flights 77, 90, 91
  • United States Shannon Walker♀Soyuz TMA-19, SpaceX Crew-1
  • Germany Ulrich WalterSTS-55
  • United States Carl WalzSTS-51, STS-65, STS-79, STS-108/111
  • United States Taylor WangSTS-51-B
  • China Wang YapingShenzhou 10, Shenzhou 13♀
  • United States Jessica Watkins♀ — No flights
  • United States Mary Weber♀STS-70, STS-101
  • United States Paul WeitzSkylab 2, STS-6
  • United States James WetherbeeSTS-32, STS-52, STS-63, STS-86, STS-102, STS-113
  • United States Douglas WheelockSTS-120, Soyuz TMA-19
  • United States Ed White (1930–1967) † — Gemini 4. Died in the Apollo 1 fire accident.
  • United States Robert Michael WhiteX-15 flight 62
  • United States Peggy Whitson♀STS-111/113, Soyuz TMA-11
  • United States Terrence WilcuttSTS-68, STS-79, STS-89, STS-106
  • United States Clifton "C.C." Williams (1932–1967) † — No flights. Died in a plane crash during training.
  • Canada Dafydd Williams, M.D. — STS-90, STS-118
  • United States Donald Williams (1942–2016) — STS-51-D, STS-34
  • United States Jeffrey WilliamsSTS-101, Soyuz TMA-8, Soyuz TMA-16
  • United States Sunita "Suni" Williams♀STS-116/117, Soyuz TMA-05M
  • United States Barry WilmoreSTS-129, Soyuz TMA-14M
  • United States Stephanie Wilson♀STS-121, STS-120, STS-131
  • United States Gregory R. WisemanSoyuz TMA-13M
  • United States Peter WisoffSTS-57, STS-68, STS-81, STS-92
  • United States David Wolf, M.D. — STS-58, STS-86/89, STS-112, STS-127
  • United States Neil Woodward — No flights
  • United States Alfred Worden (1932-2020) △ — Apollo 15

Y[]

  • Japan Naoko Yamazaki♀STS-131
  • China Yang LiweiShenzhou 5
  • China Ye GuangfuShenzhou 13
  • Soviet Union Boris Yegorov, M.D. (1937–1994) — Voskhod 1
  • Soviet Union Aleksei YeliseyevSoyuz 5/4, Soyuz 8, Soyuz 10
  • South Korea Yi So-yeon♀Soyuz TMA-12/11
  • United States John Young (1930–2018) △▲ — Gemini 3, Gemini 10, Apollo 10, Apollo 16, STS-1, STS-9
  • Japan Kimiya YuiSoyuz TMA-17M
  • Russia Fyodor YurchikhinSTS-112, Soyuz TMA-10, Soyuz TMA-19, Soyuz TMA-09M

Z[]

  • Russia Sergei ZalyotinSoyuz TM-30, Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34
  • United States George D. ZamkaSTS-120, STS-130
  • China Zhai ZhigangShenzhou 7, Shenzhou 13
  • China Zhang XiaoguangShenzhou 10
  • Soviet Union Vitaliy ZholobovSoyuz 21
  • Soviet Union Vyacheslav ZudovSoyuz 23

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Kurzweil, Ray (2011-03-02). "Astronaut scientists for hire open new research frontier in space". kurzweilai.net. Kurzweil Accelerating Intelligence Network: Boston. Retrieved 3 June 2018.
  2. ^ Seedhouse, Erik (2012). Astronauts For Hire: The Emergence of a Commercial Astronaut Corps. New York: Springer Science. pp. 29–41. ISBN 978-1-4614-0520-7.
  3. ^ "Gemini 8". Retrieved 2009-10-12.
  4. ^ "Apollo 11 Command and Service Module (CSM)". Retrieved 2009-10-12.
  5. ^ "Mercury Atlas 7". Retrieved 2009-10-12.
  6. ^ http://www.astronaut.ru/index/in_pers/06_008.htm

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