List of black holes
This list of black holes (and stars considered probable candidates) is organized by mass (including black holes of undetermined mass); some items in this list are galaxies or star clusters that are believed to be organized around a black hole. Messier and New General Catalogue designations are given where possible.
Supermassive black holes and candidates[]
- 1ES 2344+514
- TON 618 (This quasar is the biggest black hole, estimated at 66 billion solar masses)
- 3C 371
- 4C +37.11 (this radio galaxy is believed to have binary supermassive black holes)
- S5 0014+81 (Said to be a compact hyperluminous quasar. Estimated at 40 billion solar masses.)
- APM 08279+5255 (contains one of the largest black holes estimated at 23 billion solar masses. Previous candidate for largest.)
- Arp 220
- Centaurus A
- Fornax A
- HE0450-2958
- IC 1459
- Messier 31 (or the Andromeda Galaxy)
- Messier 32
- Messier 51 (or the Whirlpool Galaxy)
- Messier 60
- Messier 77
- Messier 81 (or Bode's Galaxy)
- Messier 84
- Messier 87 (or Virgo A)
- Messier 104 (or the Sombrero Galaxy)
- Messier 105
- Messier 106
- Mrk 421
- Mrk 501
- NGC 821
- NGC 1023
- NGC 1097
- NGC 1277; the central supermassive black hole is listed as fourth largest, and it is unusually large in proportion to the host galaxy, being 14% of the mass, instead of the usual 0.1%
- NGC 1566
- NGC 2787
- NGC 3079
- NGC 3115
- NGC 3245
- NGC 3377
- NGC 3384
- NGC 3608
- NGC 3998
- NGC 4151
- NGC 4261
- NGC 4438
- NGC 4459
- NGC 4473
- (a satellite galaxy of Messier 87)[1]
- NGC 4564
- NGC 4579
- NGC 4596
- NGC 4697
- NGC 4889 (contains the second largest supermassive black hole, estimated at 21 billion solar masses.)
- NGC 4945
- NGC 5033
- NGC 6251
- NGC 7052
- NGC 7457
- OJ 287 (a BL Lac object containing the fifth largest supermassive black hole until NGC 4889's discovery, estimated at 18 billion solar masses)
- PKS 0521-365
- Q0906+6930 (a blazar organized around a supermassive black hole)
- RX J1131 (first black hole whose spin was directly measured)
- Sagittarius A*, which is in the center of the Milky Way
Types[]
- Quasar
- Supermassive black hole
- Hypercompact stellar system (is organized around a supermassive black hole). Hypothetical object.
Intermediate-mass black holes and candidates[]
- Cigar Galaxy (Messier 82, NGC 3034)
- GCIRS 13E
- HLX-1
- M82 X-1
- Messier 15 (NGC 7078)
- Messier 110 (NGC 205)
- Sculptor Galaxy (NGC 253)
- Triangulum Galaxy (Messier 33, NGC 598)
Stellar black holes and candidates[]
- 1E1740.7-2942 (Great Annihilator), 340 ly from Sgr A*[2]
- 4U 1543-475/
- A0620-00/V616 Mon (currently thought to be the closest to Earth, at about 3,000 light years, with a mass roughly estimated to be 11.0 ± 1.9 times the mass of Sun)[citation needed]
- A candidate stellar mass black hole outside of the Local Group.[3]
- Cygnus X-1
- Cygnus X-3
- GRO J0422+32 (smallest black hole yet discovered)[citation needed]
- GRO J1655-40/V1033 Sco (at one time considered the smallest black hole known)[4]
- GRS 1124-683/GU Mus
- GRS 1915+105/V1487 Aql
- GS 2000+25/QZ Vul
- GX 339-4/V821 Ara
- HR 6819 (triple star system visible with unaided eye, with closest black hole as of May 2020)[5]
- IGR J17091-3624 (candidate smallest stellar black hole)[6][7]
- LB-1 (name of both a galactic B-type star,[8] as well as the name of a very closely associated over-massive stellar-mass black hole.[9])
- M33 X-7 (most massive stellar-mass black hole known, not counting GW black holes)[10]
- SN 1997D (in )
- SS 433
- V404 Cyg
- XTE J1118+480/KV UMa
- XTE J1550-564/V381 Nor
- XTE J1650-500 (at one time considered the smallest black hole known)[4]
- /V4641 Sgr
Black holes detected by gravitational wave signals[]
As of February 2019, 10 mergers of binary black holes have been observed. In each case two black holes merged to a larger black hole. In addition, one neutron star merger has been observed (GW170817), forming a black hole. In addition, over 30 alerts have been issued since April 2019, of black hole merger candidates.
Multiple black hole systems[]
Binary black holes[]
- core black holes — a pair of supermassive blackholes at the centre of this galaxy[11]
- PG 1302-102 – the first binary-cored quasar — a pair of supermassive blackholes at the core of this quasar[12][13]
In addition, the signal of several binary black holes merging into a single black hole and in so doing producing gravitational waves have been observed by the LIGO instrument. These are listed above in the section Black holes detected by gravitational wave signals.
Trinary black holes[]
As of 2014, there are 5 triple black hole systems known.[14]
- (SDSS J1502+1115) core black holes — the three components are distant tertiary J1502P, and the close binary pair J1502S composed of J1502SE and J1502SW[14]
- core black holes of triple-clump galaxy[15]
- (SDSS J1027+1749) core black holes[16]
See also[]
- Black hole
- List of nearest black holes
- Supermassive black hole
- Intermediate-mass black hole
- Stellar black hole
- Micro black hole
- Lists of astronomical objects
References[]
- ^ M87's satellite galaxy NGC 4486B, SEDS
- ^ "ShieldSquare Captcha". doi:10.1086/307441. S2CID 17988034. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ^ Burke, Mark J.; Raychaudhury, Somak; Kraft, Ralph P.; Brassington, Nicola J.; Hardcastle, Martin J.; Goodger, Joanna L.; Sivakoff, Gregory R.; Forman, William R.; Jones, Christine; Woodley, Kristin A.; Murray, Stephen S.; Kainulainen, Jouni; Birkinshaw, Mark; Croston, Judith H.; Evans, Daniel A.; Gilfanov, Marat; Jordán, Andrés; Sarazin, Craig L.; Voss, Rasmus; Worrall, Diana M.; Zhang, Zhongli (2012). "A Transient Sub-Eddington Black Hole X-Ray Binary Candidate in the Dust Lanes of Centaurus A". The Astrophysical Journal. 749 (2): 112. arXiv:1202.3149. Bibcode:2012ApJ...749..112B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/749/2/112. S2CID 49949444.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
- ^ Jump up to: a b Andrea Thompson (1 April 2008). "Smallest Black Hole Found". Space.com.
- ^ Rivinius, Th.; Baade, D.; Hadrava, P.; Heida, M.; Klement, R. (May 2020). "A naked-eye triple system with a nonaccreting black hole in the inner binary". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 637 (L3): 11. arXiv:2005.02541. Bibcode:2020A&A...637L...3R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038020.
- ^ Knapp, Alex (2012-02-22). "The Smallest Known Black Hole Has 20 Million Mile Per Hour Winds". Forbes. Retrieved 2012-02-22.
- ^ NASA.gov, "NASA's RXTE Detects 'Heartbeat' of Smallest Black Hole Candidate", 2011.12.15 (accessed 2011.12.17)
- ^ Liu, Jifeng; et al. (27 November 2019). "A wide star–black-hole binary system from radial-velocity measurements". Nature. 575 (7784): 618–621. arXiv:1911.11989. Bibcode:2019Natur.575..618L. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1766-2. PMID 31776491. S2CID 208310287. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ Chinese Academy of Science (27 November 2019). "Chinese Academy of Sciences leads discovery of unpredicted stellar black hole". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
- ^ ScienceDaily, "Heaviest Stellar Black Hole Discovered In Nearby Galaxy", Oct. 18, 2007 (accessed 12-12-2009)
- ^ ESA (25 April 2014). "Unique pair of hidden black holes discovered by XMM-Newton". Space Daily.
- ^ Xaq Rzetelny (8 January 2015). "Supermassive black hole binary discovered".
- ^ Matthew J. Graham; S. George Djorgovski; Daniel Stern; Eilat Glikman; Andrew J. Drake; Ashish A. Mahabal; et al. (25 July 2014). "A possible close supermassive black-hole binary in a quasar with optical periodicity". Nature (published 7 January 2015). 518 (7537): 74–76. arXiv:1501.01375. Bibcode:2015Natur.518...74G. doi:10.1038/nature14143. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 25561176. S2CID 4459433.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Deane, R. P.; Paragi, Z.; Jarvis, M. J.; Coriat, M.; Bernardi, G.; Fender, R. P.; et al. (24 June 2014). "A close-pair binary in a distant triple supermassive black hole system". Nature (published July 2014). 511 (7507): 57–60. arXiv:1406.6365. Bibcode:2014Natur.511...57D. doi:10.1038/nature13454. PMID 24990745. S2CID 4461647.
- ^ Schawinski, Kevin; Urry, Meg; Treister, Ezequiel; Simmons, Brooke; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Glikman, Eilat (29 November 2011). "Evidence for Three Accreting Black Holes in a Galaxy at z ~ 1.35: A Snapshot of Recently Formed Black Hole Seeds?". The Astrophysical Journal Letters (published December 2011). 743 (2): 6. arXiv:1111.6973. Bibcode:2011ApJ...743L..37S. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/743/2/L37. S2CID 118497392. L37.
- ^ Liu, Xin; Shen, Yue; Strauss, Michael A. (18 April 2011). "Cosmic Train Wreck by Massive Black Holes: Discovery of a Kiloparsec-scale Triple Active Galactic Nucleus". The Astrophysical Journal Letters (published July 2011). 736 (1): L7–L11. arXiv:1104.3391. Bibcode:2011ApJ...736L...7L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/736/1/L7. S2CID 118350891. L7.
External links[]
- NASA's general description of black holes.
- A list of black hole stars and candidates compiled by Dr. William Robert Johnston, Ph.D (Physics), a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Texas (Dallas).
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