List of emperors of Japan
This list of emperors of Japan presents the traditional order of succession.[1] Records of the reigns are compiled according to the traditional Japanese calendar. In the nengō system which has been in use since the late-seventh century, years are numbered using the Japanese era name and the number of years which have taken place since that nengō era started.[2]
The sequence, order and dates of the first 28 emperors, and especially the first 16, are based on the Japanese calendar system.
Emperors[]
| No. | Image | Personal name | Reign | Posthumous name | hideNotes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Legendary emperors (660 BC – 269 AD) | |||||
| 1 | 
|
Kamu-yamato Iware-biko no Mikoto | 660–585 BC (75 years) |
Emperor Jimmu 神武天皇 |
Traditional dates; claimed descent from the sun goddess, Amaterasu[3] |
| 2 | 
|
Kamu Nunagawamimi no Mikoto | 581–549 BC (31 years) |
Emperor Suizei 綏靖天皇 |
Traditional dates;[4] 3rd son of Jimmu;[5] presumed legendary |
| 3 | 
|
Shikitsuhiko Tamademi no Mikoto | 549–511 BC (38 years) |
Emperor Annei 安寧天皇 |
Traditional dates;[6] son and heir of Suizei;[5] presumed legendary |
| 4 | 
|
Oho Yamatohiko Sukitomo no Mikoto | 510–476 BC (34 years) |
Emperor Itoku 懿徳天皇 |
Traditional dates;[6] 2nd son of Annei;[5] presumed legendary |
| 5 | 
|
Mimatsuhiko Kaeshine no Mikoto | 475–393 BC (82 years) |
Emperor Kōshō 孝昭天皇 |
Traditional dates;[7] son and heir of Itoku;[5] presumed legendary |
| 6 | 
|
Oho Yamato Tarashihiko Kunioshi Hito no Mikoto | 392–291 BC (101 years) |
Emperor Kōan 孝安天皇 |
Traditional dates;[8] 2nd son of Kōshō;[5] presumed legendary |
| 7 | 
|
Oho Yamato Nekohiko Futoni no Mikoto | 290–215 BC (75 years) |
Emperor Kōrei 孝霊天皇 |
Traditional dates;[9] son and heir of Kōan;[5] presumed legendary |
| 8 | 
|
Oho Yamato Nekohiko Kuni Kuru no Mikoto | 214–158 BC (56 years) |
Emperor Kōgen 孝元天皇 |
Traditional dates;[10] son and heir of Kōrei;[5] presumed legendary |
| 9 | 
|
Waka Yamato Nekohiko Oho Bibino no Mikoto | 157–98 BC (59 years) |
Emperor Kaika 開化天皇 |
Traditional dates;[11] 2nd son of Kōgen;[5] presumed legendary |
| 10 | 
|
Mimaki Irihiko Inie no Mikoto | 97–30 BC (67 years) |
Emperor Sujin 崇神天皇 |
Traditional dates;[12] first Emperor with a direct possibility of existence[13] |
| 11 | 
|
Ikume Irihiko Isachi no Mikoto | 29 BC–AD 70 (99 years) |
Emperor Suinin 垂仁天皇 |
Traditional dates[14] |
| 12 | 
|
Oho Tarashihiko Oshirowake no Mikoto | 71–130 (59 years) |
Emperor Keikō 景行天皇 |
Traditional dates[15] |
| 13 | 
|
Waka Tarashihiko no Mikoto | 131–191 (60 years) |
Emperor Seimu 成務天皇 |
Traditional dates[16] |
| 14 | 
|
Tarashi Nakatsuhiko no Mikoto | 192–200 (8 years) |
Emperor Chūai 仲哀天皇 |
Traditional dates[17] |
|
Okinaga Tarashihime no Mikoto | 201–269 (68 years) |
Empress Jingū 神功皇后 |
Traditional dates;[18] served as regent for Emperor Ōjin; not counted among the officially numbered Emperors | |
| Kofun period (270–539) | |||||
| 15 | 
|
Honda no Sumeramikoto / Ōtomowake no Mikoto / Homutawake no Mikoto | 270–310 (40 years) |
Emperor Ōjin 応神天皇 |
Traditional dates;[19] deified as Hachiman |
| 16 | 
|
Ō Sazaki no Mikoto | 313–399 (86 years) |
Emperor Nintoku 仁徳天皇 |
Traditional dates[20] |
| 17 | 
|
Isaho Wake no Mikoto | 400–405 (5 years) |
Emperor Richū 履中天皇 |
Traditional dates[21] |
| 18 | 
|
Tajihi Mizuha Wake no Mikoto | 406–410 (4 years) |
Emperor Hanzei 反正天皇 |
Traditional dates[22] |
| 19 | 
|
Wo Asazuma Wakugo no Sukune no Mikoto | 411–453 (42 years) |
Emperor Ingyō 允恭天皇 |
Traditional dates[23] |
| 20 | 
|
Anaho no Mikoto | 453–456 (3 years) |
Emperor Ankō 安康天皇 |
Traditional dates[24] |
| 21 | 
|
Oho Hatsuse Wakatakeru no Mikoto | 456–479 (23 years) |
Emperor Yūryaku 雄略天皇 |
Traditional dates[25] |
| 22 | 
|
Shiraka Takehiro Kuni Oshi Waka Yamato Neko no Mikoto | 480–484 (4 years) |
Emperor Seinei 清寧天皇 |
Traditional dates[26] |
| 23 | 
|
Ohoke no Mikoto | 485–487 (2 years) |
Emperor Kenzō 顕宗天皇 |
Traditional dates[27] |
| 24 | 
|
Ohoshi (Ohosu) no Mikoto/ Shimano Iratsuko | 488–498 (10 years) |
Emperor Ninken 仁賢天皇 |
Traditional dates[28] |
| 25 |
|
Wohatsuse Wakasazaki | 498–506 (8 years) |
Emperor Buretsu 武烈天皇 |
Traditional dates[29] |
| 26 | 
|
Ōto/Hikofuto (Hikofuto no Mikoto/Ōdo no Sumera Mikoto) | 507-531
(24 years) |
Emperor Keitai 継体天皇 |
Traditional dates[30] |
| 27 |
|
Hirokuni Oshitake Kanahi no Mikoto | 531–535 (4 years) |
Emperor Ankan 安閑天皇 |
Traditional dates[31] |
| 28 |
|
Takeo Hirokuni Oshitate no Mikoto | 535–539 (4 years) |
Emperor Senka 宣化天皇 |
Traditional dates[32] |
| Asuka period (539–710) | |||||
| 29 | 
|
Amekuni Oshiharuki Hironiwa no Sumera Mikoto | 539–571 (32 years) |
Emperor Kinmei 欽明天皇 |
Traditional dates;[33] all Emperors from Kinmei onwards are historically verifiable[34] |
| 30 |
|
Osada no Nunakura no Futotamashiki no Mikoto | 572–585 (13 years) |
Emperor Bidatsu 敏達天皇 |
Traditional dates[35] |
| 31 | 
|
Ooe/Tachibana no Toyohi no Sumera Mikoto | 585–587 (2 years) |
Emperor Yōmei 用明天皇 |
Traditional dates[36] |
| 32 |
|
Hatsusebe no (Wakasasagi) Mikoto | 587–592 (5 years) |
Emperor Sushun 崇峻天皇 |
Traditional dates[37] |
| 33 | 
|
Nukatabe/Toyomike Kashikiyahime | 592–628 (36 years) |
Empress Suiko 推古天皇 |
Traditional dates;[38] first non-legendary female monarch; Prince Shotoku acted as her regent |
| 34 |
|
Tamura (Oki Nagatarashihi Hironuka no Sumera Mikoto) | 629–641 (12 years) |
Emperor Jomei 舒明天皇 |
Traditional dates[39] |
| 35 | 
|
Takara (Ame Toyotakaraikashi Hitarashi Hime no Sumera Mikoto) | 642–645 (3 years) |
Empress Kōgyoku 皇極天皇 |
Traditional dates;[40] reigned twice |
| 36 |
|
Karu (Ame Yorozu Toyohi no Sumera Mikoto) | 645–654 (9 years) |
Emperor Kōtoku 孝徳天皇 |
Traditional dates[41] |
| 37 |
|
Takara (Ame Toyotakaraikashi Hitarashi Hime no Sumera Mikoto) | 655–661 (6 years) |
Empress Saimei 斉明天皇 |
Traditional dates;[42] second reign of Empress Kōgyoku |
| 38 | 
|
Katsuragi/Nakano-ooe (Ame Mikoto Hirakasuwake no Mikoto/Amatsu Mikoto Sakiwake no Mikoto) | 661–672 (11 years) |
Emperor Tenji 天智天皇 |
Traditional dates[43] |
| 39 | 
|
Ōtomo | 672 | Emperor Kōbun 弘文天皇 |
Traditional dates;[44] usurped by Tenmu; posthumously named (1870) |
| 40 | 
|
Ōama/Ohoshiama/Ōsama (Ame no Nunahara Oki no Mahito no Sumera Mikoto) | 672–686 (14 years) |
Emperor Tenmu 天武天皇 |
Traditional dates[45] |
| 41 | 
|
Unonosarara (Takama no Harahiro no Hime no Sumera Mikoto) | 686–697 (11 years) |
Empress Jitō 持統天皇 |
Traditional dates[46] |
| 42 | 
|
Karu (Ame no Mamune Toyoohoji no Sumera Mikoto) | 697–707 (10 years) |
Emperor Monmu 文武天皇 |
Traditional dates[47] |
| Nara period (710–794) | |||||
| 43 | 
|
Ahe (Yamatoneko Amatsu Mishiro Toyokuni Narihime no Sumera Mikoto) | 707–715 (8 years) |
Empress Genmei 元明天皇 |
Traditional dates[48] |
| 44 | 
|
Hidaka/Niinomi (Yamatoneko Takamizu Kiyotarashi Hime no Sumera Mikoto) | 715–724 (9 years) |
Empress Genshō 元正天皇 |
Traditional dates[49] |
| 45 | 
|
Obito (Ameshirushi Kunioshiharuki Toyosakurahiko no Sumera Mikoto) | 724–749 (25 years) |
Emperor Shōmu 聖武天皇 |
Traditional dates[50] |
| 46 | 
|
Abe (Yamatoneko no Sumera Mikoto) | 749–758 (9 years) |
Empress Kōken 孝謙天皇 |
Traditional dates;[51] reigned twice |
| 47 |
|
Ōi | 758–764 (6 years) |
Emperor Junnin 淳仁天皇 |
Traditional dates[52] dethroned by Shōtoku; posthumously named (1870) |
| 48 |
|
Abe (Yamatoneko no Sumera Mikoto) | 764–770 (6 years) |
Empress Shōtoku 称徳天皇 |
Traditional dates;[53] second reign of Empress Kōken |
| 49 | 
|
Shirakabe (Amemune Takatsugi no Mikoto) | 770–781 (11 years) |
Emperor Kōnin 光仁天皇 |
Traditional dates[54] |
| 50 | 
|
Yamabe (Yamatoneko Amatsu Hitsugi Iyaderi no Mikoto) | 781–806 (25 years) |
Emperor Kanmu 桓武天皇 |
Traditional dates[55] |
| Heian period (794–1185) | |||||
| 51 |
|
Ate (Yamatoneko Ameoshikuni Takahiko no Mikoto) | 806–809 (3 years) |
Emperor Heizei 平城天皇 |
Traditional dates[56] |
| 52 | 
|
Kamino | 809–823 (14 years) |
Emperor Saga 嵯峨天皇 |
Traditional dates[57] |
| 53 | 
|
Ōtomo | 823–833 (10 years) |
Emperor Junna 淳和天皇 |
Traditional dates[58] |
| 54 | 
|
Masara | 833–850 (17 years) |
Emperor Ninmyō 仁明天皇 |
Traditional dates[59] |
| 55 | 
|
Michiyasu | 850–858 (8 years) |
Emperor Montoku 文徳天皇 |
Traditional dates[60] |
| 56 | 
|
Korehito | 858–876 (18 years) |
Emperor Seiwa 清和天皇 |
Traditional dates[61] |
| 57 | 
|
Sadaakira | 876–884 (8 years) |
Emperor Yōzei 陽成天皇 |
Traditional dates[62] |
| 58 | 
|
Tokiyasu | 884–887 (3 years) |
Emperor Kōkō 光孝天皇 |
Traditional dates[63] |
| 59 | 
|
Sadami | 887–897 (10 years) |
Emperor Uda 宇多天皇 |
Traditional dates[64] |
| 60 | 
|
Atsuhito | 897–930 (33 years) |
Emperor Daigo 醍醐天皇 |
Traditional dates[65] |
| 61 | 
|
Yutaakira | 930–946 (16 years) |
Emperor Suzaku 朱雀天皇 |
Traditional dates[66] |
| 62 | 
|
Nariakira | 946–967 (21 years) |
Emperor Murakami 村上天皇 |
Traditional dates[67] |
| 63 |
|
Norihira | 967–969 (2 years) |
Emperor Reizei 冷泉天皇 |
Traditional dates[68] |
| 64 |
|
Morihira | 969–984 (15 years) |
Emperor En'yū 円融天皇 |
Traditional dates[69] |
| 65 | 
|
Morosada | 984–986 (2 years) |
Emperor Kazan 花山天皇 |
Traditional dates[70] |
| 66 | 
|
Kanehito | 986–1011 (25 years) |
Emperor Ichijō 一条天皇 |
Traditional dates[71] |
| 67 | 
|
Okisada/Iyasada | 1011–1016 (5 years) |
Emperor Sanjō 三条天皇 |
Traditional dates[72] |
| 68 |
|
Atsuhira | 1016–1036 (20 years) |
Emperor Go-Ichijō 後一条天皇 |
Traditional dates[73] |
| 69 |
|
Atsunaga/Atsuyoshi | 1036–1045 (9 years) |
Emperor Go-Suzaku 後朱雀天皇 |
Traditional dates[74] |
| 70 |
|
Chikahito | 1045–1068 (23 years) |
Emperor Go-Reizei 後冷泉天皇 |
Traditional dates[75] |
| 71 | 
|
Takahito | 1068–1073 (5 years) |
Emperor Go-Sanjō 後三条天皇 |
Traditional dates[76] |
| 72 | 
|
Sadahito | 1073–1087 (14 years) |
Emperor Shirakawa 白河天皇 |
Traditional dates[77] |
| 73 |
|
Taruhito | 1087–1107 (20 years) |
Emperor Horikawa 堀河天皇 |
Traditional dates[78] |
| 74 | 
|
Munehito | 1107–1123 (16 years) |
Emperor Toba 鳥羽天皇 |
Traditional dates[79] |
| 75 | 
|
Akihito | 1123–1142 (19 years) |
Emperor Sutoku 崇徳天皇 |
Traditional dates[80] |
| 76 |
|
Narihito | 1142–1155 (13 years) |
Emperor Konoe 近衛天皇 |
Traditional dates[81] |
| 77 | 
|
Masahito | 1155–1158 (3 years) |
Emperor Go-Shirakawa 後白河天皇 |
Traditional dates[82] |
| 78 | 
|
Morihito | 1158–1165 (7 years) |
Emperor Nijō 二条天皇 |
Traditional dates[83] |
| 79 |
|
Yorihito | 1165–1168 (3 years) |
Emperor Rokujō 六条天皇 |
Traditional dates[84] |
| 80 | 
|
Norihito | 1168–1180 (12 years) |
Emperor Takakura 高倉天皇 |
Traditional dates[84] |
| 81 | 
|
Tokihito | 1180–1185 (5 years) |
Emperor Antoku 安徳天皇 |
Traditional dates[85] |
| Kamakura period (1185–1333) | |||||
| 82 | 
|
Takahira | 1183–1198 (15 years) |
Emperor Go-Toba 後鳥羽天皇 |
Traditional dates[86] |
| 83 | 
|
Tamehito | 1198–1210 (12 years) |
Emperor Tsuchimikado 土御門天皇 |
Traditional dates[87] |
| 84 | 
|
Morihira/Morinari | 1210–1221 (11 years) |
Emperor Juntoku 順徳天皇 |
Traditional dates[88] |
| 85 |
|
Kanehira/Kanenari | 1221 | Emperor Chūkyō 仲恭天皇 |
Traditional dates;[89] posthumously named (1870) |
| 86 | 
|
Yutahito | 1221–1232 (11 years) |
Emperor Go-Horikawa 後堀河天皇 |
Traditional dates[90] |
| 87 | 
|
Mitsuhito/Toshihito | 1232–1242 (10 years) |
Emperor Shijō 四条天皇 |
Traditional dates[91] |
| 88 | 
|
Kunihito | 1242–1246 (4 years) |
Emperor Go-Saga 後嵯峨天皇 |
Traditional dates[92] |
| 89 | 
|
Hisahito | 1246–1260 (14 years) |
Emperor Go-Fukakusa (Go-Ninmyō) 後深草天皇 |
Traditional dates[93] |
| 90 | 
|
Tsunehito | 1260–1274 (14 years) |
Emperor Kameyama 亀山天皇 |
Traditional dates[94] |
| 91 | 
|
Yohito | 1274–1287 (13 years) |
Emperor Go-Uda 後宇多天皇 |
Traditional dates[95] |
| 92 | 
|
Hirohito | 1287–1298 (11 years) |
Emperor Fushimi 伏見天皇 |
Traditional dates[96] |
| 93 | 
|
Tanehito | 1298–1301 (3 years) |
Emperor Go-Fushimi 後伏見天皇 |
Traditional dates[97] |
| 94 | 
|
Kuniharu | 1301–1308 (7 years) |
Emperor Go-Nijō 後二条天皇 |
Traditional dates[98] |
| 95 | 
|
Tomihito | 1308–1318 (10 years) |
Emperor Hanazono 花園天皇 |
Traditional dates[99] |
| 96 | 
|
Takaharu | 1318–1339 (21 years) |
Emperor Go-Daigo 後醍醐天皇 |
Traditional dates;[100] Southern Court |
| Northern Court (1331–1392) | |||||
| (1) | 
|
Kazuhito | 1331–1333 (2 years) |
Emperor Kōgon 光厳天皇 |
Traditional dates[101] |
| (2) | 
|
Yutahito | 1336–1348 (12 years) |
Emperor Kōmyō 光明天皇 |
Traditional dates[102] |
| (3) | 
|
Okihito | 1348–1351 (3 years) |
Emperor Sukō 崇光天皇 |
Traditional dates[103] |
| (4) | 
|
Iyahito | 1352–1371 (19 years) |
Emperor Go-Kōgon 後光厳天皇 |
Traditional dates[104] |
| (5) | 
|
Ohito | 1371–1382 (11 years) |
Emperor Go-En'yū 後円融天皇 |
Traditional dates[105] |
| 100 | 
|
Motohito | 1382–1392 (10 years) |
Emperor Go-Komatsu (Go-Koko) 後小松天皇 |
Traditional dates;[106] reunified courts in 1392; see 100 below |
| Muromachi period and Azuchi–Momoyama period (1333–1603) | |||||
| 97 | 
|
Norinaga/Noriyoshi | 1339–1368 (29 years) |
Emperor Go-Murakami 後村上天皇 |
Traditional dates;[107] Southern Court |
| 98 |
|
Yutanari | 1368–1383 (15 years) |
Emperor Chōkei 長慶天皇 |
Traditional dates;[108] Southern Court |
| 99 | 
|
Hironari | 1383–1392 (9 years) |
Emperor Go-Kameyama 後亀山天皇 |
Traditional dates;[109] Southern Court |
| 100 |
|
Motohito | 1392–1412 (20 years) |
Emperor Go-Komatsu (Go-Koko) 後小松天皇 |
Traditional dates;[110] reunified courts; see also entry in Northern Court section above |
| 101 |
|
Mihito | 1412–1428 (16 years) |
Emperor Shōkō 称光天皇 |
Traditional dates[111] |
| 102 | 
|
Hikohito | 1428–1464 (36 years) |
Emperor Go-Hanazono 後花園天皇 |
Traditional dates[112] |
| 103 |
|
Fusahito | 1464–1500 (36 years) |
Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado 後土御門天皇 |
Traditional dates[113] |
| 104 |
|
Katsuhito | 1500–1526 (26 years) |
Emperor Go-Kashiwabara (Go-Kanmu) 後柏原天皇 |
Traditional dates[114] |
| 105 | 
|
Tomohito | 1526–1557 (31 years) |
Emperor Go-Nara (Go-Heizei) 後奈良天皇 |
Traditional dates[115] |
| 106 | 
|
Michihito | 1557–1586 (29 years) |
Emperor Ōgimachi 正親町天皇 |
Traditional dates[116] |
| 107 | 
|
Kazuhito/Katahito | 1586–1611 (25 years) |
Emperor Go-Yōzei 後陽成天皇 |
Traditional dates[117] |
| Edo period (1603–1867) | |||||
| 108 | 
|
Kotohito | 1611–1629 (18 years) |
Emperor Go-Mizunoo (Go-Minoo) (Go-Seiwa) 後水尾天皇 |
Traditional dates[118] |
| 109 | 
|
Okiko | 1629–1643 (14 years) |
Empress Meishō 明正天皇 |
Traditional dates[119] First female monarch since the death of Empress Koken/Shotoku in 770. Abdicated in 1643; died in 1696. |
| 110 | 
|
Tsuguhito | 1643–1654 (11 years) |
Emperor Go-Kōmyō 後光明天皇 |
Traditional dates[120] |
| 111 | 
|
Nagahito | 1655–1663 (8 years) |
Emperor Go-Sai (Go-Junna) 後西天皇 |
Traditional dates[121] |
| 112 | 
|
Satohito | 1663–1687 (24 years) |
Emperor Reigen 霊元天皇 |
Traditional dates[122] |
| 113 | 
|
Asahito/Tomohito | 1687–1709 (22 years) |
Emperor Higashiyama 東山天皇 |
Traditional dates[123] |
| 114 | 
|
Yasuhito/Yoshihito | 1709–1735 (26 years) |
Emperor Nakamikado 中御門天皇 |
Traditional dates[124] |
| 115 | 
|
Teruhito | 1735–1747 (12 years) |
Emperor Sakuramachi 桜町天皇 |
Traditional dates[125] |
| 116 | 
|
Toohito | 1747–1762 (15 years) |
Emperor Momozono 桃園天皇 |
Traditional dates[126] |
| 117 | 
|
Toshiko | 1762–1771 (9 years) |
Empress Go-Sakuramachi 後桜町天皇 |
Traditional dates[127] Last female monarch. Abdicated in 1771; died in 1813 |
| 118 | 
|
Hidehito | 1771–1779 (8 years) |
Emperor Go-Momozono 後桃園天皇 |
Traditional dates[128] |
| 119 | 
|
Morohito | 1780–1817 (37 years) |
Emperor Kōkaku 光格天皇 |
Traditional dates[129] Abdicated in 1817; died in 1840 |
| 120 | 
|
Ayahito | 1817–1846 (29 years) |
Emperor Ninkō 仁孝天皇 |
[130] |
| 121 | 
|
Osahito | 1846–1867 (21 years) |
Emperor Kōmei 孝明天皇 |
Last instance of an Emperor with multiple era names |
| Modern Japan (from 1867) | |||||
| 122 | 
|
Mutsuhito | 1867–1912 (45 years) |
Emperor Meiji 明治天皇 |
The first Emperor of the Empire of Japan |
| 123 | 
|
Yoshihito | 1912–1926 (14 years) |
Emperor Taishō 大正天皇 |
Crown Prince Hirohito served as Sesshō (摂政; "Regent") 1921–1926 |
| 124 | 
|
Hirohito | 1926–1989 (63 years) |
Emperor Shōwa 昭和天皇 |
Served as Sesshō (摂政; "Regent") 1921–1926. The last Emperor of the Empire of Japan |
| 125 | 
|
Akihito | 1989–2019 (30 years) |
(Living) | Abdicated at the end of 30 April 2019, first monarch to abdicate since Emperor Kōkaku. Referred to as Jōkō (上皇) in Japanese, and as "Emperor Emeritus" in English. He will be known as "Emperor Heisei" (平成天皇) posthumously |
| 126 | 
|
Naruhito | 2019–present
(2 years) |
(Living) | Ascended on 1 May 2019. Referred to as Kinjō Tennō (今上天皇; "the Reigning Emperor") or Tennō Heika (天皇陛下; "His Majesty the Emperor") in Japanese, and as "Emperor Naruhito" in English. He will be known as "Emperor Reiwa" (令和天皇) posthumously.[131] |
Individuals posthumously recognized as emperors[]
This is a list of individuals who did not reign as emperor during their lifetime but were later recognized as Japanese emperors posthumously.
| Portrait | Name | Posthumous name | Year of recognition | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Kusakabe (草壁皇子) |
Emperor Oka 岡宮天皇 |
758[132] | Crown Prince who never acceded to the throne. Husband of Empress Genmei. Father of Emperor Monmu and Empress Genshō. | |
|
Prince Toneri (舎人親王) |
Emperor Sudōjinkei 崇道尽敬皇帝 |
759[133] | Father of Emperor Junnin |
(志貴皇子) |
Emperor Kasuga 春日宮天皇 |
770[134] | Father of Emperor Kōnin | |
| Prince Sawara (早良親王) |
Emperor Sudō 崇道天皇 |
800[135] | Deposed Crown Prince | |
|
(誠仁親王) |
Cloistered Emperor Yōkō 陽光院[136] |
? | Crown Prince who never acceded to the throne. Father of Emperor Go-Yōzei |
|
(閑院宮典仁親王) |
Emperor Kyōkō 慶光天皇 |
1884[137] | Father of Emperor Kōkaku |
Gallery[]
All the Emperors (SVG file)
Emperors of Japan Mythical
Emperors of Japan Legendary
Emperors of Japan 100–500
Emperors of Japan 500–700
Emperors of Japan 600–850
Emperors of Japan 750–1050
Emperors of Japan 1050–1250
Emperors of Japan 1150–1400
Emperors of Japan 1250–1500
Emperors of Japan 1400–1850
Emperors of Japan 1650–2020
See also[]
- Emperor of Japan
- Sesshō and Kampaku
- Shogun
- Family tree of Japanese monarchs
- Empress Tsunuzashi
Notes[]
- ^ Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric. (2005). "Traditional Order of Tennō" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 962.
- ^ Nussbaum, "Nengō" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 704.
- ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon (Nihon Ōdai Ichiran), pp. 1–3; Brown, Delmer M. (1979). Gukanshō, p. 249; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, pp. 84–88;
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 3–4; Brown, pp. 250–251; Varley, pp. 88–89.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Brown, p. 248.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Titsingh, p. 4; Brown, p. 251; Varley, p. 89.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 4–5; Brown, p. 251; Varley, p. 90.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 5; Brown, pp. 251–252; Varley, p. 90.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 5–6; Brown, p. 252; Varley, pp. 90–92.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 6; Brown, p. 252; Varley, pp. 92–93.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 6–7; Brown, p. 252; Varley, p. 93.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 7–9; Brown, p. 253; Varley, pp. 93–95.
- ^ Yoshida, Reiji (March 27, 2007). ""Life in the Cloudy Imperial Fishbowl"". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 9–10; Brown, pp. 253–254; Varley, pp. 95–96.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 11–14; Brown, p. 254; Varley, pp. 96–99.
- ^ Brown, p. 254; Varley, pp. 99–100; Titsingh, pp. 14–15.
- ^ Brown, pp. 254–255; Varley, pp. 100–101; Titsingh, p. 15.
- ^ Brown, p. 255; Varley, pp. 101–103; Titsingh, pp. 16–19.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 19–22; Brown, pp. 255–256; Varley, pp. 103–10.
- ^ Brown, pp. 256–257; Varley, pp. 110–111; Titsingh, pp. 22–24.
- ^ Brown, p. 257; Varley, p. 111; Titsingh, pp. 24–25.
- ^ Brown, p. 257; Varley, p. 112; Titsingh, p. 25.
- ^ Brown, pp. 257–258; Varley, p. 112; Titsingh, p. 26.
- ^ Brown, p. 258; Varley, p. 113; Titsingh, p. 26.
- ^ Brown, p. 258; Varley, pp. 113–115; Titsingh, pp. 27–28.
- ^ Brown, p. 258–259; Varley, pp. 115–116; Titsingh, pp. 28–29.
- ^ Brown, p. 259; Varley, p. 116; Titsingh, pp. 29–30.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 30; Brown, p. 259-260; Varley, p. 117.
- ^ Brown, p. 260; Varley, pp. 117–118; Titsingh, p. 31.
- ^ Brown, pp. 260–261; Varley, pp. 17–18, 119–120; Titsingh, p. 31–32.
- ^ Brown, p. 261; Varley, pp. 120–121; Brown, p. 261; Titsingh, p. 33.
- ^ Brown, p. 261; Varley, p. 121; Titsingh, p. 33–34.
- ^ Brown, pp. 261–262; Varley, pp. 123–124; Titsingh, p. 34–36.
- ^ Hoye, Timothy. (1999). Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds, p. 78; excerpt, "According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jinmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jinmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kinmei."
- ^ Varley, pp. 124–125; Brown, pp. 262–263; Titsingh, p. 36–37.
- ^ Brown, p. 263; Varley, pp. 125–126; Titsingh, p. 37–38.
- ^ Brown, p. 263; Varley, p. 126; Titsingh, p. 38–39.
- ^ Brown, pp. 263–264; Varley, pp. 126–129; Titsingh, pp. 39–42.
- ^ Brown, pp. 264–265; Varley, pp. 129–130; Titsingh, pp. 42–43.
- ^ Brown, pp. 265–266; Varley, pp. 130–132; Titsingh, pp. 43–47.
- ^ Brown, pp. 266–267; Varley, pp. 132–133; Titsingh, pp. 47–50.
- ^ Brown, p. 267; Varley, pp. 133–134; Titsingh, pp. 50–52.
- ^ Brown, p. 268; Varley, p. 135; Titsingh, pp. 52–56.
- ^ Brown, pp. 268–269; Varley, pp. 135–136; Titsingh, pp. 56–58.
- ^ Brown, pp. 268–269; Varley, pp. 135–136; Titsingh, pp. 58–59.
- ^ Brown, pp. 269–270; Varley, pp. 136–137; Titsingh, pp. 59–60.
- ^ Brown, pp. 270–271; Varley, pp. 137–140; Titsingh, pp. 60–63.
- ^ Brown, p. 271; Varley, p. 140; Titsingh, pp. 63–65.
- ^ Brown, p. 271–272; Varley, pp. 140–141; Titsingh, pp. 65–67.
- ^ Brown, pp. 272–273; Varley, pp. 141–143; Titsingh, pp. 67–73.
- ^ Brown, pp. 274–275; Varley, p. 143; Titsingh, pp. 73–75.
- ^ Brown, p. 275; Varley, pp. 143–144; Titsingh, pp. 75–78.
- ^ Brown, p. 276; Varley, pp. 144–147; Titsingh, pp. 78–81.
- ^ Brown, p. 276–277; Varley, pp. 147–148; Titsingh, pp. 81–85.
- ^ Brown, pp. 277–279; Varley, pp. 148–150; Titsingh, pp. 86–95.
- ^ Brown, pp. 279–280; Varley, p. 151; Titsingh, pp. 96–97.
- ^ Brown, pp. 280–282; Varley, pp. 151–164; Titsingh, pp. 97–102.
- ^ Brown, p. 282–283; Varley, p. 164; Titsingh, pp. 103–106.
- ^ Brown, pp. 283–284; Varley, pp. 164–165; Titsingh, pp. 106–112.
- ^ Brown, pp. 285–286; Varley, p. 165; Titsingh, pp. 112–115.
- ^ Brown, pp. 286–288; Varley, pp. 166–170; Titsingh, pp. 115–121.
- ^ Brown, pp. 288–289; Varley, pp. 170–171; Titsingh, pp. 121–124.
- ^ Brown, p. 289; Varley, pp. 171–175; Titsingh, pp. 124–125.
- ^ Brown, p. 289–290; Varley, pp. 175–179; Titsingh, pp. 125–129.
- ^ Brown, pp. 290–293; Varley, pp. 179–181; Titsingh, pp. 129–134.
- ^ Brown, pp. 294–295; Varley, pp. 181–183; Titsingh, pp. 134–138.
- ^ Brown, pp. 295–298; Varley, pp. 183–190; Titsingh, pp. 139–142.
- ^ Brown, p. 298; Varley, pp. 190–191; Titsingh, pp. 142–143.
- ^ Brown, pp. 299–300; Varley, pp. 191–192; Titsingh, pp. 144–148.
- ^ Brown, pp. 300–302; Varley, p. 192; Titsingh, pp. 148–149.
- ^ Brown, pp. 302–307; Varley, pp. 192–195; Titsingh, pp. 150–154.
- ^ Brown, p. 307; Varley, p. 195; Titsingh, pp. 154–155.
- ^ Brown, pp. 307–310; Varley, pp. 195–196; Titsingh, pp. 156–160.
- ^ Brown, pp. 310–311; Varley, p. 197; Titsingh, pp. 160–162.
- ^ Brown, pp. 311–314; Varley, pp. 197–198; Titsingh, pp. 162–166.
- ^ Brown, pp. 314–315; Varley, pp. 198–199; Titsingh, pp. 166–168.
- ^ Brown, pp. 315–317; Varley, pp. 199–202; Titsingh, pp. 169–171.
- ^ Brown, pp. 317–320; Varley, p. 202; Titsingh, pp. 172–178.
- ^ Brown, pp. 320–322; Varley, pp. 203–204; Titsingh, pp. 178–181.
- ^ Brown, pp. 322–324; Varley, pp. 204–205; Titsingh, pp. 181–185.
- ^ Brown, pp. 324–326; Varley, p. 205; Titsingh, pp. 186–188.
- ^ Brown, p. 326–327; Varley, pp. 205–208; Titsingh, pp. 188–190.
- ^ Brown, pp. 327–329; Varley, pp. 208–212; Titsingh, pp. 191–194.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Brown, pp. 329–330; Varley, p. 212; Titsingh, pp. 194–195.
- ^ Brown, pp. 333–334; Varley, pp. 214–215; Titsingh, pp. 200–207.
- ^ Brown, pp. 334–339; Varley, pp. 215–220; Titsingh, pp. 207–221.
- ^ Brown, pp. 339–341; Varley, pp 220; Titsingh, pp. 221–230.
- ^ Brown, pp. 341–343, Varley, pp. 221–223; Titsingh, pp. 230–238.
- ^ Brown, pp. 343–344; Varley, pp. 223–226; Titsingh, pp. 236–238.
- ^ Brown, pp. 344–349; Varley, pp. 226–227; Titsingh, pp. 238–241.
- ^ Varley, p. 227; Titsingh, pp. 242–245.
- ^ Varley, pp. 228–231; Titsingh, pp. 245–247.
- ^ Varley, pp. 231–232; Titsingh, pp. 248–253.
- ^ Varley, pp. 232–233; Titsingh, pp. 253–261.
- ^ Varley, pp. 233–237; Titsingh, pp. 262–269.
- ^ Varley, pp. 237–238; Titsingh, pp. 269–274.
- ^ Varley, pp. 238–239; Titsingh, pp. 274–275.
- ^ Varley, p. 239; Titsingh, pp. 275–278.
- ^ Varley, pp. 239–241; Titsingh, pp. 278–281.
- ^ Varley, pp. 241–269; Titsingh, pp. 281–286, and Titsingh, p. 290–294.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 286–289.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 294–298.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 298–301.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 302–309.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 310–316.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 317–327.
- ^ Varley, pp. 269–270 | Titsingh, p. .
- ^ Titsingh, p. .
- ^ [Titsingh, p. ]–320.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 320–327.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 327–331.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 331–351.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 352–364.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 364–372.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 372–382.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 382–402.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 402–409.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 410–411.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 411–412.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 412–413.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 413.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 414–415.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 415–416.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 416–417.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 417–418.
- ^ Titisngh, pp. 418–419.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 419.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 419–420.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 420–421.
- ^ Shillony, Ben-Ami (2000). Collected Writing. Collected Writings of Modern Western Scholars on Japan. RoutledgeCurzon. p. 89. ISBN 978-1873410998. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
- ^ "Japan's Emperor thanks country, prays for peace before abdication". Nikkei Asian Review. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
- ^ 岡宮天皇 デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説.
- ^ 崇道尽敬皇帝 デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説.
- ^ 春日宮天皇 デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説.
- ^ 崇道天皇 デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説.
- ^ 陽光院 デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説.
- ^ 慶光天皇 デジタル版 日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説.
References[]
- Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982). Lessons from History: the 'Tokushi yoron'. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press. ISBN 9780702214851; OCLC 157026188
- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-04940-5; OCLC 59145842
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Categories:
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