List of endemic species of Taiwan

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The endemic species of Taiwan are organisms that are endemic to the island of Taiwan— that is, they occur nowhere else on Earth.

Percentages of endemic animals of all living species in Taiwan.

Category Total species Endemic species (& ssp.) Percentages
Mammals 70 45 64%
Birds 450 84 19%
85 27 32%
Amphibians 37 17 46%
220 36 16%
Butterflies 400 50 13%
Total 1,257 252 20%

Percentages of endemic plants of all living species in Taiwan.[1]

Category Total (native) species Endemic species (& ssp.) Percentages
Pteridophytes 629 72 11%
Gymnosperms 28 18 64%
Dicotyledons 2,410 750 31%
Monocotyledons 1,010 227 23%
Total 4,077 1,067 26%

Endemic fauna[]

Endemic mammals[]

Formosan serow
Formosan macaque
  • Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)
  1. Formosan black bear- Ursus thibetanus formosanus
  2. Formosan ferret-badger – Melogale subaurantiaca (Swinhoe)
  • Order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
  1. Formosan serow – Naemorhedus swinhoei (Gray)
  1. Taiwanese mole shrew – Anourosorex yamashinai Kuroda
  2. – Tokuda & Kano
  3. Formosan shrew – Episoriculus fumidus Thomas
  4. Koshun shrew – Chodsigoa sodalis Thomas
  5. Kano's mole – Mogera kanoana Kawada et al.
  • Order Rodentia (rodents)
  1. Formosan field vole – Apodemus semotus Thomas
  2. Spinous country-rat – Niviventer coxingi (Swinhoe)
  3. Formosan white-bellied rat – Niviventer culturatus (Thomas)
  4. Kikuchi's field vole – Microtus kikuchii (Kuroda)
  5. Formosan giant flying squirrel – Petaurista grandis (Swinhoe)
  6. – Petaurista lena Thomas
  • Order Primate (primates)
  1. Formosan macaque – Macaca cyclopis (Swinhoe)
  • Order Chiroptera (bats)
  1. Formosan long-eared bat – Plecotus taivanus Yoshiyuki
  2. Long-toed myotis – Myotis secundus Ruedi, Csorba, Lin, & Chou
  3. Reddish myotis – Myotis soror Ruedi, Csorba, Lin, & Chou
  4. Formosan mouse-eared bat – Myotis taiwanensis Linde
  5. Formosan broad-muzzled bat – Submyotodon latirostris Kishida
  6. Bicolored tube-nosed bat – Murina bicolor Kuo, Fang, Csorba & Lee
  7. Slender tube-nosed bat – Murina gracilis Kuo et al.
  8. Formosan tube-nosed bat – Murina puta Kishida
  9. Murina recondita Kuo, Fang, Csorba, & Lee, 2009
  10. Yellow-necked bat – Thainycteris torquatus Gabor & Lee
  11. – Kisida
  12. Formosan greater horseshoe bat – Rhinolophus formosae Sanborn
  13. Formosan lesser horseshoe bat – Rhinolophus monoceros Andersen

Endemic birds[]

Taiwan blue magpie
Taiwan whistling thrush
Mikado pheasant
Main article: Endemic birds of Taiwan

17 endemic bird species and another 60 endemic subspecies of Taiwan have been identified (out of a total of 569 bird species). The seventeen endemic species make up about 3% of all birds living in Taiwan.

  • Order Passeriformes (passerines and relatives)
  1. Yellow tit – Parus holsti Seebohm
  2. White-whiskered laughingthrush – Garrulax morrisonianus (Ogilvie-Grant)
  3. White-eared sibia – Heterophasia auricularis (Swinhoe)
  4. Taiwan yuhina – Yuhina brunneiceps Ogilvie-Grant
  5. Taiwan barwing – Actinodura morrisoniana Ogilvie-Grant
  6. Steere's liocichla – Liocichla steerii Swinhoe
  7. Taiwan blue magpie – Urocissa caerulea (Gould)
  8. Styan's bulbul – Pycnonotus taivanus Styan
  9. Taiwan whistling thrush – Myophonus insularis Gould
  10. Collared bush robin – Tarsiger johnstoniae (Ogilvie-Grant)
  11. Flamecrest – Regulus goodfellowi Ogilvie-Grant
  12. Taiwan bush warbler – Bradypterus alishanensis
  13. Taiwan hwamei – Garrulax taewanus
  1. Taiwan hill partridge – Arborophila crudigularis (Swinhoe)
  2. Mikado pheasant – Syrmaticus mikado (Ogilvie-Grant)
  3. Swinhoe's pheasant – Lophura swinhoii (Gould)
  • Order Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)
  1. Taiwan barbet – Megalaima nuchalis

Endemic reptiles[]

  • Order Squamata (lizards and snakes)
  1. – Scincella formosensis (Van Denburgh)
  2. – Sphenomorphus taiwanensis Chen & Lue
  3. Lanyu scaly-toed gecko – Lepidodactylus yami Ota
  4. – Gekko kikuchii (Oshima)
  5. Gekko guishanicus Lin and Yao, 2016
  6. Short-legged japalure – Diploderma brevipes Gressitt
  7. Diploderma luei Ota, Chen & Shang, 1998
  8. – Diploderma makii Ota
  9. Swinhoe's japalura – Diploderma swinhonis Gunther
  10. – Kishida
  11. – Takydromus formosanus Boulenger
  12. – Takydromus sauteri Van Denburgh
  13. – Takydromus hsuehshanensis Lin & Cheng
  14. – Takydromus stejnegeri Van Denburgh
  15. – Typhlops koshunensis Oshima
  16. Taiwan slug-eating snake – Pareas formosensis (Van Dengurgh)
  17. Formosa odd-scaled snake – Achalinus formosanus Boulenger
  18. Black odd-scaled snake – Achalinus niger Maki
  19. Maki's keelback – Hebius miyajimae Maki
  20. Swinhoe's grass snake – Rhabdophis swinhonis (Günther)
  21. Formosa coral snake – Sinomicrurus sauteri (Steindachner)
  22. Taiwan pit viper – Trimeresurus gracilis Oshima

Endemic amphibians[]

  • Order Anura (frogs and toads)
  1. – Bufo bankorensis
  2. Stejneger's narrow-mouthed toad – Micryletta steinegeri
  3. Swinhoe's brown frog — Odorrana swinhoana
  4. Taipa frog — Rana longicrus
  5. Sauter's brown frog — Rana sauteri
  6. Ota's stream tree frog – Buergeria otai
  7. Robust Buerger's frog – Buergeria robusta
  8. Kurixalus berylliniris
  9. – Kurixalus idiootocus
  10. Kurixalus wangi
  11. – Rhacophorus arvalis
  12. – Rhacophorus aurantiventris
  13. Moltrecht's green tree frog – Rhacophorus moltrechti
  14. Emerald green treefrog – Rhacophorus prasinatus
  15. – Rhacophorus taipeianus
  • Order Urodela (salamanders and newts)
  1. Alishan salamander – Hynobius arisanensis
  2. Formosan salamander – Hynobius formosanus
  3. Taiwan lesser salamander – Hynobius fuca
  4. Nanhu salamander – Hynobius glacialis
  5. – Hynobius sonani

Endemic freshwater fishes[]

Formosan landlocked salmon
  • Order Cypriniformes (minnows and carp)
  1. Taitung river loach – Hemimyzon taitungensis Tzeng et Shen
  2. – Hemimyzon formosanus (Boulenger)
  3. Shen's river loach – Hemimyzon sheni Chen et Fang
  4. River loach – (Steindachner)
  5. – Sinogastromyzon puliensis Liang
  6. Metzia mesembrinum (Regan)
  7. Pararasbora moltrechti Regan
  8. Acrossocheilus paradoxus (Günther)
  9. – Candidia barbata (Regan)
  10. Microphysogobio alticorpus Banarescu et Nalbant
  11. Taiwan ku fish – Onychostoma alticorpus (Oshima)
  12. Freshwater minnow – Opsariichthys pachycephalus Günther
  13. Gobiobotia cheni Banarescu et Nalbant
  14. Microphysogobio brevirostris (Günther)
  15. Aphyocypris kikuchii (Oshima)
  16. Squalidus iijimae (Oshima)
  • Order Perciformes (perch-like fishes)
  1. Goby – Aonuma et Chen
  2. Goby – Oshima
  3. Goby – Tomiyama
  4. Goby – Aonuma et Chen
  5. Goby – Chen et Shao
  6. Goby – Chen et Shao
  7. Goby – Chen et Shao
  8. Goby – Lee et Chang
  9. Goby – (Chen)
  10. Goby – Rhinogobius lanyuensis Chen, Miller et Fang
  • Order Siluriformes (catfishes)
  1. – Liobagrus formosanus Regan
  2. Bagrid catfish – Oshima
  3. Bagrid catfish – Pseudobagrus brevianalis Regan
  1. – Regan (endangered)[2]
  • Order Salmoniformes (salmons and trouts)
  1. Formosan landlocked salmon – Oncorhynchus formosanus (Jordan et Oshima)

Endemic flora[]

Cultivated crops endemic to Taiwan:

See also[]

References[]

  1. ^ Hsieh, C. F. (2002) Composition, endemism and phytogeographical affinities of the Taiwan Flora. Taiwania 47(4): 298-310.
  2. ^ Neosalanx acuticeps

External links[]

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