List of lagomorphs

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Brown rabbit
European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Brown pika
Large-eared pika (Ochotona macrotis)

Lagomorpha is an order of placental mammals, comprising the hares, rabbits, and pikas. Members of this order are called lagomorphs. Lagomorpha currently comprises 107 extant species, which are grouped into 12 genera. Lagomorphs live on every major landmass and in a variety of habitats, especially forests, grasslands, shrublands, and rocky areas. They are generally small in size and come in two main groupings of body plans, the larger rabbit and hare group and smaller pika group, ranging overall from the 11 cm (4 in) long Gansu pika to the 76 cm (30 in) long desert hare. The domestic rabbit subspecies of the European rabbit has been domesticated, resulting in a worldwide distribution.

Lagomorpha is divided into two families: Leporidae, containing the hares and rabbits; and Ochotonidae, or the pikas. The 73 extant species of Leporidae are divided into 11 genera, though the majority of the species are placed into Lepus (hares) and Sylvilagus (cottontail rabbits); the 34 extant species of Ochotonidae are grouped into a single genus, Ochotona. The exact organization of the species is not fixed, with many recent proposals made based on molecular phylogenetic analysis. No lagomorph species have recently gone extinct, though some species are endangered and the riverine rabbit is critically endangered.

Conventions[]

Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the collective range of species in that genera is provided. Ranges are based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species unless otherwise noted. All extinct genera or species listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "Extinct".

Classification[]

Worldwide except for Antarctica, southern South America, northern Oceania, and inland Greenland
Lagomorpha range

The order Lagomorpha consists of 107 extant species belonging to 12 genera. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. Modern molecular studies indicate that the 12 genera can be grouped into 2 families.

Family Leporidae

  • Genus Brachylagus (pygmy rabbit): one species
  • Genus Bunolagus (riverine rabbit): one species
  • Genus Caprolagus (hispid hare): one species
  • Genus Lepus (hares): thirty-three species
  • Genus Nesolagus (striped rabbits): two species
  • Genus Oryctolagus (European rabbit): one species
  • Genus Pentalagus (Amami rabbit): one species
  • Genus Poelagus (Bunyoro rabbit): one species
  • Genus Pronolagus (red rock hares): four species
  • Genus Romerolagus (volcano rabbit): one species
  • Genus Sylvilagus (cottontail rabbits): twenty-seven species

Family Ochotonidae

  • Genus Ochotona (pikas): thirty-four species
Lagomorpha[1]  
Leporidae  
 
 

Nesolagus

 
 
 

Poelagus

 
 

Pronolagus

 
 
 
 
 

Romerolagus

 
 
 
 
 
 

Sylvilagus

 
 

Brachylagus

 
 
 
 
 

Caprolagus

 
 

Oryctolagus

 
 
 
 

Bunolagus

 
 

Pentalagus

 
 
 
 
 
 

Lepus

 
 
 
 
 
Ochotonidae  
 

Ochotona

 
 
 
 

Lagomorphs[]

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis.[2]

Family Leporidae[]

Main article: List of leporids

Members of the Leporidae family are called leporids, or colloquially hares and rabbits. Leporidae comprises 73 extant species, divided into 11 genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – eleven genera
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Brachylagus

Gray rabbit

Miller, 1900

One species
 		Western America (introduced in red)
 Size: 23–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0–1 in) tail[3]

Habitats: Shrubland and desert[4]

Diet: Sagebrush, as well as grass and other plants[3]

Bunolagus

Gray rabbit

Thomas, 1929

One species
 		Southern South America
 Size: 33–47 cm (13–19 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail[5]

Habitats: Shrubland[6]

Diet: Shrubs as well as grass[6]

Caprolagus

Drawing of brown hare

Blyth, 1845

One species
 		Himalayas
 Size: 38–50 cm (15–20 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail[7]

Habitats: Grassland and inland wetlands[8]

Diet: Grass as well as other plants[8]

Lepus
(hare)

Brown hare

Linnaeus, 1758

33 species
 		Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America Size range: 28 cm (11 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (Yarkand hare) to 76 cm (30 in) long (Desert hare)[9]

Habitats: Desert, coastal marine, inland wetlands, forest, shrubland, rocky areas, savanna, caves, and grassland[10]

Diets: Wide variety of plants[10]

Nesolagus
(striped rabbit)

Stuffed brown rabbit

Major, 1899

Two species
 		Annamite Range in Southeast Asia and Sumatra Size range: 35 cm (14 in) long (Annamite striped rabbit) to 42 cm (17 in) long plus 17 cm (7 in) tail (Sumatran striped rabbit)[11]

Habitats: Forest[12]

Diets: Various plants[12]

Oryctolagus

Brown rabbit

Lilljeborg, 1762

One species
 		Europe, southern South America, and Oceana (introduced in pink)
 Size: 38–50 cm (15–20 in) long[13]

Habitats: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland[14]

Diet: Grass, leaves, buds, bark, and roots[13]

Pentalagus

Stuffed brown rabbit

Lyon, 1904

One species
 		Southern tip of Japan
 Size: 39–53 cm (15–21 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail[15]

Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and intertidal marine[16]

Diet: Herbs, shrubs, and acorns[16]

Poelagus , 1932

One species
 		Central Africa
 Size: 45–50 cm (18–20 in) long, plus 4–5 cm (2–2 in) tail[17]

Habitats: Forest, savanna, and rocky areas[18]

Diet: Grass, shrubs, forbs, and tubers[17]

Pronolagus
(red rock hare)

Gray rabbit

Lyon, 1904

Four species
 		Southern Africa Size range: 38 cm (15 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (Hewitt's red rock hare) to 56 cm (22 in) long plus 11 cm (4 in) tail (Natal red rock hare)[19]

Habitats: Desert, grassland, shrubland, and rocky areas[20]

Diets: Grass, herbs, and shrubs[20]

Romerolagus

Gray rabbit

Merriam, 1896

One species
 		Southern Mexico
 Size: 27–32 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0–2 in) tail[21]

Habitats: Forest and grassland[22]

Diet: Grass[21]

Sylvilagus
(cottontail rabbit)

Brown rabbit

Gray, 1867

27 species
 		North America and South America Size range: 21 cm (8 in) long, plus 1 cm (0 in) tail (Tres Marias cottontail) to 55 cm (22 in) long plus 8 cm (3 in) tail (Swamp rabbit)[23]

Habitats: Desert, inland wetlands, intertidal marine, forest, shrubland, rocky areas, savanna, and grassland[24]

Diets: Wide variety of plants[24]

Family Ochotonidae[]

Main article: List of ochotonids

Members of the Ochotonidae family are called ochotonids, or colloquially pikas. Ochotonidae comprises 34 extant species, which are all contained within a single genus.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus
Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Ochotona
(pika)

Gray and brown pika carrying flowers

Link, 1795

34 species
 		Asia and western North America Size range: 11 cm (4 in) long (Gansu pika) to 29 cm (11 in) long (Northern pika)[25]

Habitats: Desert, forest, shrubland, rocky areas, and grassland[26]

Diets: Wide variety of plants[26]

References[]

  1. ^ Matthee, C. A.; Van Vuuren, B. J.; Bell, D.; Robinson, T. J. (2004). "A Molecular Supermatrix of the Rabbits and Hares (Leporidae) Allows for the Identification of Five Intercontinental Exchanges During the Miocene". Systematic Biology. 53 (3): 433–477. doi:10.1080/10635150490445715.
  2. ^ Wilson, pp. 185–211
  3. ^ a b Rohde, Ashley (2006). "Brachylagus idahoensis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  4. ^ Rachlow, J.; Becker, P. A.; Shipley, L. (2016). "Brachylagus idahoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2963A45176206. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T2963A45176206.en.
  5. ^ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 91
  6. ^ a b Collins, K.; Bragg, C.; Birss, C. (2019). "Bunolagus monticularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T3326A45176532. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T3326A45176532.en.
  7. ^ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 94
  8. ^ a b Aryal, A.; Yadav, B. (2019). "Caprolagus hispidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T3833A45176688. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T3833A45176688.en.
  9. ^ Lepus sizes:
  10. ^ a b Lepus habitats and diets:
  11. ^ Nesolagus sizes:
  12. ^ a b Nesolagus habitats and diets:
  13. ^ a b Tislerics, Ati (2000). "Oryctolagus cuniculus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  14. ^ Villafuerte, R.; Delibes-Mateos, M. (2020) [errata version of 2019 assessment]. "Oryctolagus cuniculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41291A170619657. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41291A170619657.en.
  15. ^ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 105
  16. ^ a b Yamada, F. and Smith; A. T. (2016). "Pentalagus furnessi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T16559A45180151. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T16559A45180151.en.
  17. ^ a b Portman, Charles (2004). "Poelagus marjorita". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  18. ^ Johnston, C. H.; Smith, A. T. (2019). "Poelagus marjorita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T41292A45189965. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T41292A45189965.en.
  19. ^ Pronolagus sizes:
  20. ^ a b Pronolagus habitats and diets:
  21. ^ a b Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 114–115
  22. ^ Velázquez, A.; Guerrero, J. A. (2019). "Romerolagus diazi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T19742A45180356. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T19742A45180356.en.
  23. ^ Sylvilagus sizes:
  24. ^ a b Sylvilagus habitats and diets:
  25. ^ Ochotona sizes:
  26. ^ a b Ochotona habitats and diets:

Sources[]

  • Feldhamer, George A.; Thompson, Bruce Carlyle; Chapman, Joseph A. (2003). Wild Mammals of North America. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-7416-1.
  • Kingdon, Jonathan (2015). The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals (Second ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4729-2531-2.
  • Kurta, Allen (1995). Mammals of the Great Lakes Region. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-06497-7.
  • Smith, Andrew T.; Johnston, Charlotte H.; Alves, Paolo C.; Hackländer, Klaus, eds. (2018). Lagomorphs: Pikas, Rabbits, and Hares of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-2340-1.
  • Smith, Andrew T.; Xie, Yan; Hoffmann, Robert S.; Lunde, Darrin; MacKinnon, John; Wilson, Don E.; Wozencraft, W. Chris, eds. (2010). A Guide to the Mammals of China. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-3411-2.
  • Verts, B. J.; Carraway, Leslie N. (1998). Land Mammals of Oregon. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-21199-5.
  • Wilson, Don E., ed. (2005). Mammal Species of the World. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.
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