List of living cardinals
Cardinals are senior ecclesiastical leaders of the Catholic Church, almost always ordained bishops and generally holding important roles within the church, such as governing prominent archdioceses or managing dicasteries within the Roman Curia. They are created in consistories by the pope and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope (invariably from among themselves, although not a formal requirement) when the Holy See is vacant, following the death or the resignation of the reigning pontiff. The body of all cardinals is collectively known as the College of Cardinals.[1][2]
Under current ecclesiastical law, as defined by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, only cardinals who have not passed their 80th birthday on the day on which the Holy See falls vacant are eligible to participate in a papal conclave to elect a new pope.[3] The same apostolic constitution also specifies a maximum of 120 cardinal electors who can participate in a conclave;[3] this number has often been exceeded, although never at the time of a conclave. Cardinals may also be created in pectore (reserved 'in the breast'), in which case their identities are not publicly revealed by the pope; they do not enjoy the privileges of a cardinal until their names are published. The creations of any such cardinals who have not been revealed at the pope's death or resignation automatically lapse.[1][4]
As of 18 August 2021, there are 219 cardinals, 122 of whom are cardinal electors. The most recent consistory for the creation of cardinals was held on 28 November 2020, when Pope Francis created 13 cardinals, including 9 cardinal electors.[5] Beniamino Stella was the most recent cardinal elector to turn 80, on 18 August 2021; Angelo Scola will be the next cardinal elector to turn 80, on 7 November 2021. Eduardo Martínez Somalo was the most recent cardinal to die, on 10 August 2021, at the age of 94.[6]
Living cardinals[]
The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders, with official precedence in the following sequence:[1]
- Cardinal bishops (CB): the six cardinals who are assigned the titles of the seven suburbicarian dioceses in the vicinity of Rome[a] (and other cardinals who are additionally co-opted into the order[7][8]), as appointed by the pope, as well as cardinals who are patriarchs of Eastern Catholic Churches.[9] The two most senior cardinal bishops of the College, elected by the cardinal bishops from among themselves (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs) and approved by the pope,[1] are termed the dean and the vice-dean, currently Giovanni Battista Re and Leonardo Sandri, respectively. The latter is currently also the senior cardinal bishop among the cardinal electors.[b]
- Cardinal priests (CP): bishops typically in charge of dioceses, as well as former cardinal deacons who have opted for the order.[10] The most senior cardinal priest of the College is termed the protopriest, currently Michael Michai Kitbunchu; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal priest is Vinko Puljić.[b]
- Cardinal deacons (CD): bishops who hold curial or diplomatic roles, as well as other clergy, including priests granted dispensation not to be consecrated bishops. They have the option (Latin: optatio) of becoming cardinal priests after having been cardinal deacons for ten years.[1][11] The most senior cardinal deacon of the College is termed the protodeacon, currently Renato Raffaele Martino; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal deacon is Giuseppe Bertello and the junior cardinal deacon is Mauro Gambetti.[b]
For cardinal bishops, except the Eastern Catholic patriarchs, the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice-dean and then, in order of appointment as cardinal bishops, by the remainder. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.
By default, this table is sorted by order of precedence. All cardinals are of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the respective post-nominal letters.
Rank | Name | Country | Born | Order | Consistory | Office | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Giovanni Battista Re* | Italy | 30 January 1934 (age 87) |
CB | 21 February 2001[i] John Paul II |
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Bishops (Dean) | [12] |
2 | Leonardo Sandri | Argentina | 18 November 1943 (age 77) |
CB | 24 November 2007[ii] Benedict XVI |
Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches (Vice-Dean) | [13] |
3 | Angelo Sodano* | Italy | 23 November 1927 (age 93) |
CB | 28 June 1991[iii] John Paul II |
Secretary of State emeritus | [14] |
4 | Francis Arinze* | Nigeria | 1 November 1932 (age 88) |
CB | 25 May 1985[iv] John Paul II |
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments | [15] |
5 | Tarcisio Bertone SDB* | Italy | 2 December 1934 (age 86) |
CB | 21 October 2003[v] John Paul II |
Secretary of State emeritus and Camerlengo emeritus of the Holy Roman Church | [16] |
6 | José Saraiva Martins CMF* | Portugal | 6 January 1932 (age 89) |
CB | 21 February 2001[vi] John Paul II |
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints | [17] |
7 | Pietro Parolin | Italy | 17 January 1955 (age 66) |
CB | 22 February 2014[vii] Francis |
Secretary of State | [18] |
8 | Marc Ouellet PSS | Canada | 8 June 1944 (age 77) |
CB | 21 October 2003[vii] John Paul II |
Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops | [19] |
9 | Fernando Filoni | Italy | 15 April 1946 (age 75) |
CB | 18 February 2012[viii] Benedict XVI |
Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre | [20] |
10 | Beniamino Stella* | Italy | 18 August 1941 (age 80) |
CB | 22 February 2014[ix] Francis |
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy | [21] |
11 | Luis Antonio Gokim Tagle | Philippines | 21 June 1957 (age 64) |
CB | 24 November 2012[x] Benedict XVI |
Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples | [22] |
12 | Antonios Naguib* | Egypt | 18 March 1935 (age 86) |
CB | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI |
Patriarch emeritus of Alexandria (Coptic Catholic Church) |
[23] |
13 | Béchara Boutros Raï OMM* | Lebanon | 25 February 1940 (age 81) |
CB | 24 November 2012 Benedict XVI |
Patriarch of Antioch (Maronite Church) |
[24] |
14 | Louis Raphaël I Sako | Iraq | 4 July 1948 (age 73) |
CB | 28 June 2018 Francis |
Patriarch of Babylon (Chaldean Catholic Church) |
[25] |
15 | Michael Michai Kitbunchu* | Thailand | 25 January 1929 (age 92) |
CP | 2 February 1983 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Bangkok (Protopriest) | [26] |
16 | Alexandre do Nascimento* | Angola | 1 March 1925 (age 96) |
CP | 2 February 1983 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Luanda | [27] |
17 | Thomas Stafford Williams* | New Zealand | 20 March 1930 (age 91) |
CP | 2 February 1983 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Wellington | [28] |
18 | Jozef Tomko* | Slovakia | 11 March 1924 (age 97) |
CP | 25 May 1985[xi] John Paul II |
President emeritus of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses | [29] |
19 | Paul Poupard* | France | 30 August 1930 (age 91) |
CP | 25 May 1985[xi] John Paul II |
President emeritus of the Pontifical Councils for Culture and for Interreligious Dialogue | [30] |
20 | Friedrich Wetter* | Germany | 20 February 1928 (age 93) |
CP | 25 May 1985 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Munich and Freising | [31] |
21 | José Freire Falcão* | Brazil | 23 October 1925 (age 95) |
CP | 28 June 1988 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Brasília | [32] |
22 | Alexandre José Maria dos Santos OFM* | Mozambique | 18 March 1924 (age 97) |
CP | 28 June 1988 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Maputo | [33] |
23 | Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez* | Dominican Republic | 31 October 1936 (age 84) |
CP | 28 June 1991 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Santo Domingo | [34] |
24 | Roger Michael Mahony* | United States | 27 February 1936 (age 85) |
CP | 28 June 1991 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Los Angeles | [35] |
25 | Camillo Ruini* | Italy | 19 February 1931 (age 90) |
CP | 28 June 1991 John Paul II |
Vicar General emeritus for Rome and Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran | [36] |
26 | Julius Riyadi Darmaatmadja SJ* | Indonesia | 20 December 1934 (age 86) |
CP | 26 November 1994 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Jakarta | [37] |
27 | Emmanuel Wamala* | Uganda | 15 December 1926 (age 94) |
CP | 26 November 1994 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Kampala | [38] |
28 | Adam Joseph Maida* | United States | 18 March 1930 (age 91) |
CP | 26 November 1994 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Detroit | [39] |
29 | Vinko Puljić | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 8 September 1945 (age 75) |
CP | 26 November 1994 John Paul II |
Archbishop of Vrhbosna | [40] |
30 | Juan Sandoval Íñiguez* | Mexico | 28 March 1933 (age 88) |
CP | 26 November 1994 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Guadalajara | [41] |
31 | Jorge Arturo Medina Estévez* | Chile | 23 December 1926 (age 94) |
CP | 21 February 1998[xii] John Paul II |
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments | [42] |
32 | James Francis Stafford* | United States | 26 July 1932 (age 89) |
CP | 21 February 1998[xii] John Paul II |
Major Penitentiary emeritus | [43] |
33 | Salvatore De Giorgi* | Italy | 6 September 1930 (age 90) |
CP | 21 February 1998 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Palermo | [44] |
34 | Antonio María Rouco Varela* | Spain | 20 August 1936 (age 85) |
CP | 21 February 1998 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Madrid | [45] |
35 | Polycarp Pengo | Tanzania | 5 August 1944 (age 77) |
CP | 21 February 1998 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Dar-es-Salaam | [46] |
36 | Christoph Schönborn OP | Austria | 22 January 1945 (age 76) |
CP | 21 February 1998 John Paul II |
Archbishop of Vienna | [47] |
37 | Norberto Rivera Carrera | Mexico | 6 June 1942 (age 79) |
CP | 21 February 1998 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Mexico | [48] |
38 | Jānis Pujats* | Latvia | 14 November 1930 (age 90) |
CP | 21 February 1998[c] John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Riga | [49] |
39 | Agostino Cacciavillan* | Italy | 14 August 1926 (age 95) |
CP | 21 February 2001[xiii] John Paul II |
President emeritus of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See | [50] |
40 | Sergio Sebastiani* | Italy | 11 April 1931 (age 90) |
CP | 21 February 2001[xiii] John Paul II |
President emeritus of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See | [51] |
41 | Crescenzio Sepe | Italy | 2 June 1943 (age 78) |
CP | 21 February 2001[xiv] John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Naples | [52] |
42 | Walter Kasper* | Germany | 5 March 1933 (age 88) |
CP | 21 February 2001[xiii] John Paul II |
President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity | [53] |
43 | Geraldo Majella Agnelo* | Brazil | 19 October 1933 (age 87) |
CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of São Salvador da Bahia | [54] |
44 | Pedro Rubiano Sáenz* | Colombia | 13 September 1932 (age 88) |
CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Bogotá | [55] |
45 | Audrys Juozas Bačkis* | Lithuania | 1 February 1937 (age 84) |
CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Vilnius | [56] |
46 | Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa ISch* | Chile | 5 September 1933 (age 87) |
CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile | [57] |
47 | Wilfrid Fox Napier OFM* | South Africa | 8 March 1941 (age 80) |
CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Durban | [58] |
48 | Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga SDB | Honduras | 29 December 1942 (age 78) |
CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II |
Archbishop of Tegucigalpa and Coordinator of the Council of Cardinals | [59] |
49 | Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne | Peru | 28 December 1943 (age 77) |
CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Lima | [60] |
50 | Francisco Álvarez Martínez* | Spain | 14 July 1925 (age 96) |
CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Toledo | [61] |
51 | Cláudio Hummes OFM* | Brazil | 8 August 1934 (age 87) |
CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II |
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy | [62] |
52 | Severino Poletto* | Italy | 18 March 1933 (age 88) |
CP | 21 February 2001 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Turin | [63] |
53 | Julián Herranz Casado* | Spain | 31 March 1930 (age 91) |
CP | 21 October 2003[xv] John Paul II |
President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts | [64] |
54 | Javier Lozano Barragán* | Mexico | 26 January 1933 (age 88) |
CP | 21 October 2003[xv] John Paul II |
President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers | [65] |
55 | Angelo Scola | Italy | 7 November 1941 (age 79) |
CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Milan | [66] |
56 | Anthony Olubunmi Okogie* | Nigeria | 16 June 1936 (age 85) |
CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Lagos | [67] |
57 | Gabriel Zubeir Wako* | Sudan | 27 February 1941 (age 80) |
CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Khartoum | [68] |
58 | Carlos Amigo Vallejo OFM* | Spain | 23 August 1934 (age 87) |
CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Seville | [69] |
59 | Justin Francis Rigali* | United States | 19 April 1935 (age 86) |
CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Philadelphia | [70] |
60 | Ennio Antonelli* | Italy | 18 November 1936 (age 84) |
CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II |
President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Family | [71] |
61 | Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson | Ghana | 11 October 1948 (age 72) |
CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II |
Prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development | [72] |
62 | Telesphore Placidus Toppo* | India | 15 October 1939 (age 81) |
CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Ranchi | [73] |
63 | George Pell* | Australia | 8 June 1941 (age 80) |
CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II |
Prefect emeritus of the Secretariat for the Economy | [74] |
64 | Josip Bozanić | Croatia | 20 March 1949 (age 72) |
CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II |
Archbishop of Zagreb | [75] |
65 | Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn* | Vietnam | 5 March 1934 (age 87) |
CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Ho Chi Minh City | [76] |
66 | Philippe Barbarin | France | 17 October 1950 (age 70) |
CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II |
Archbishop emeritus of Lyon | [77] |
67 | Péter Erdő | Hungary | 25 June 1952 (age 69) |
CP | 21 October 2003 John Paul II |
Archbishop of Esztergom–Budapest | [78] |
68 | Franc Rodé CM* | Slovenia | 23 September 1934 (age 86) |
CP | 24 March 2006[xvi] Benedict XVI |
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life | [79] |
69 | Agostino Vallini* | Italy | 17 April 1940 (age 81) |
CP | 24 March 2006 Benedict XVI |
Pontifical Legate for the Basilicas of Saint Francis and Saint Mary of the Angels in Assisi | [80] |
70 | Jorge Liberato Urosa Savino | Venezuela | 28 August 1942 (age 79) |
CP | 24 March 2006 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop emeritus of Caracas | [81] |
71 | Gaudencio Borbon Rosales* | Philippines | 10 August 1932 (age 89) |
CP | 24 March 2006 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop emeritus of Manila | [82] |
72 | Jean-Pierre Ricard | France | 25 September 1944 (age 76) |
CP | 24 March 2006 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop emeritus of Bordeaux | [83] |
73 | Antonio Cañizares Llovera | Spain | 15 October 1945 (age 75) |
CP | 24 March 2006 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop of Valencia | [84] |
74 | Seán Patrick O'Malley OFMCap | United States | 29 June 1944 (age 77) |
CP | 24 March 2006 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop of Boston and President of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors | [85] |
75 | Stanisław Dziwisz* | Poland | 27 April 1939 (age 82) |
CP | 24 March 2006 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop emeritus of Kraków | [86] |
76 | Joseph Zen Ze-kiun SDB* | China (Hong Kong)[d] |
13 January 1932 (age 89) |
CP | 24 March 2006 Benedict XVI |
Bishop emeritus of Hong Kong | [87] |
77 | Giovanni Lajolo* | Italy | 3 January 1935 (age 86) |
CP | 24 November 2007[xvii] Benedict XVI |
President emeritus of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State | [88] |
78 | Paul Josef Cordes* | Germany | 5 September 1934 (age 86) |
CP | 24 November 2007[xvii] Benedict XVI |
President emeritus of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum | [89] |
79 | Angelo Comastri | Italy | 17 September 1943 (age 77) |
CP | 24 November 2007[xvii] Benedict XVI |
Vicar General emeritus for Vatican City, Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President emeritus of the Fabric of Saint Peter | [90] |
80 | Stanisław Ryłko | Poland | 4 July 1945 (age 76) |
CP | 24 November 2007[xvii] Benedict XVI |
Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major | [91] |
81 | Raffaele Farina SDB* | Italy | 24 September 1933 (age 87) |
CP | 24 November 2007[xvii] Benedict XVI |
Archivist and Librarian emeritus of the Holy Roman Church | [92] |
82 | Seán Baptist Brady* | Ireland[e] | 16 August 1939 (age 82) |
CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop emeritus of Armagh | [93] |
83 | Lluís Martínez Sistach* | Spain | 29 April 1937 (age 84) |
CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop emeritus of Barcelona | [94] |
84 | André Vingt-Trois | France | 7 November 1942 (age 78) |
CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop emeritus of Paris | [95] |
85 | Angelo Bagnasco | Italy | 14 January 1943 (age 78) |
CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop emeritus of Genoa | [96] |
86 | Théodore-Adrien Sarr* | Senegal | 28 November 1936 (age 84) |
CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop emeritus of Dakar | [97] |
87 | Oswald Gracias | India | 24 December 1944 (age 76) |
CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop of Bombay | [98] |
88 | Francisco Robles Ortega | Mexico | 2 March 1949 (age 72) |
CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop of Guadalajara | [99] |
89 | Daniel Nicholas DiNardo | United States | 23 May 1949 (age 72) |
CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop of Galveston–Houston | [100] |
90 | Odilo Pedro Scherer | Brazil | 21 September 1949 (age 71) |
CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop of São Paulo | [101] |
91 | John Njue | Kenya | 1944[f] (age 76–77) |
CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop emeritus of Nairobi | [102] |
92 | Estanislao Esteban Karlic* | Argentina | 7 February 1926 (age 95) |
CP | 24 November 2007 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop emeritus of Paraná | [103] |
93 | Angelo Amato SDB* | Italy | 8 June 1938 (age 83) |
CP | 20 November 2010[xviii] Benedict XVI |
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints | [104] |
94 | Robert Sarah | Guinea | 15 June 1945 (age 76) |
CP | 20 November 2010[xviii] Benedict XVI |
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments | [105] |
95 | Francesco Monterisi* | Italy | 28 May 1934 (age 87) |
CP | 20 November 2010[xviii] Benedict XVI |
Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls | [106] |
96 | Raymond Leo Burke | United States | 30 June 1948 (age 73) |
CP | 20 November 2010[xviii] Benedict XVI |
Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta | [107] |
97 | Kurt Koch | Switzerland | 15 March 1950 (age 71) |
CP | 20 November 2010[xviii] Benedict XVI |
President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity | [108] |
98 | Mauro Piacenza | Italy | 15 September 1944 (age 76) |
CP | 20 November 2010[xviii] Benedict XVI |
Major Penitentiary | [109] |
99 | Gianfranco Ravasi | Italy | 18 October 1942 (age 78) |
CP | 20 November 2010[xviii] Benedict XVI |
President of the Pontifical Council for Culture | [110] |
100 | Paolo Romeo* | Italy | 20 February 1938 (age 83) |
CP | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop emeritus of Palermo | [111] |
101 | Donald William Wuerl* | United States | 12 November 1940 (age 80) |
CP | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop emeritus of Washington | [112] |
102 | Raymundo Damasceno Assis* | Brazil | 15 February 1937 (age 84) |
CP | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop emeritus of Aparecida | [113] |
103 | Kazimierz Nycz | Poland | 1 February 1950 (age 71) |
CP | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop of Warsaw | [114] |
104 | Albert Malcolm Ranjith Patabendige Don | Sri Lanka | 15 November 1947 (age 73) |
CP | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop of Colombo | [115] |
105 | Reinhard Marx | Germany | 21 September 1953 (age 67) |
CP | 20 November 2010 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop of Munich and Freising and Coordinator of the Council for the Economy | [116] |
106 | Walter Brandmüller* | Germany | 5 January 1929 (age 92) |
CP | 20 November 2010[xviii] Benedict XVI |
President emeritus of the Pontifical Committee for Historical Sciences | [117] |
107 | George Alencherry | India | 19 April 1945 (age 76) |
CP | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI |
Major Archbishop of Ernakulam–Angamaly (Syro-Malabar Catholic Church) |
[118] |
108 | Thomas Christopher Collins | Canada | 16 January 1947 (age 74) |
CP | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop of Toronto | [119] |
109 | Dominik Duka OP | Czech Republic | 26 April 1943 (age 78) |
CP | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop of Prague | [120] |
110 | Willem Jacobus Eijk | Netherlands | 22 June 1953 (age 68) |
CP | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop of Utrecht | [121] |
111 | Giuseppe Betori | Italy | 25 February 1947 (age 74) |
CP | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop of Florence | [122] |
112 | Timothy Michael Dolan | United States | 6 February 1950 (age 71) |
CP | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop of New York | [123] |
113 | Rainer Maria Woelki | Germany | 18 August 1956 (age 65) |
CP | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop of Cologne | [124] |
114 | John Tong Hon* | China (Hong Kong)[d] |
31 July 1939 (age 82) |
CP | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI |
Bishop emeritus of Hong Kong | [125] |
115 | Lucian Mureșan* | Romania | 23 May 1931 (age 90) |
CP | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI |
Major Archbishop of Făgăraș and Alba Iulia (Romanian Greek Catholic Church) |
[126] |
116 | Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal | India | 15 June 1959 (age 62) |
CP | 24 November 2012 Benedict XVI |
Major Archbishop of Trivandrum (Syro-Malankara Catholic Church) |
[127] |
117 | John Olorunfemi Onaiyekan | Nigeria | 29 January 1944 (age 77) |
CP | 24 November 2012 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop emeritus of Abuja | [128] |
118 | Rubén Salazar Gómez | Colombia | 22 September 1942 (age 78) |
CP | 24 November 2012 Benedict XVI |
Archbishop emeritus of Bogotá | [129] |
119 | Vincent Gerard Nichols | United Kingdom | 8 November 1945 (age 75) |
CP | 22 February 2014 Francis |
Archbishop of Westminster | [130] |
120 | Leopoldo José Brenes Solórzano | Nicaragua | 7 March 1949 (age 72) |
CP | 22 February 2014 Francis |
Archbishop of Managua | [131] |
121 | Gérald Cyprien Lacroix ISPX | Canada | 27 July 1957 (age 64) |
CP | 22 February 2014 Francis |
Archbishop of Quebec | [132] |
122 | Jean-Pierre Kutwa | Ivory Coast | 22 December 1945 (age 75) |
CP | 22 February 2014 Francis |
Archbishop of Abidjan | [133] |
123 | Orani João Tempesta OCist | Brazil | 23 June 1950 (age 71) |
CP | 22 February 2014 Francis |
Archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro | [134] |
124 | Gualtiero Bassetti | Italy | 7 April 1942 (age 79) |
CP | 22 February 2014 Francis |
Archbishop of Perugia–Città della Pieve | [135] |
125 | Mario Aurelio Poli | Argentina | 29 November 1947 (age 73) |
CP | 22 February 2014 Francis |
Archbishop of Buenos Aires | [136] |
126 | Andrew Yeom Soo-jung | South Korea | 5 December 1943 (age 77) |
CP | 22 February 2014 Francis |
Archbishop of Seoul | [137] |
127 | Ricardo Ezzati Andrello SDB | Chile | 7 January 1942 (age 79) |
CP | 22 February 2014 Francis |
Archbishop emeritus of Santiago de Chile | [138] |
128 | Philippe Nakellentuba Ouédraogo | Burkina Faso | 25 January 1945 (age 76) |
CP | 22 February 2014 Francis |
Archbishop of Ouagadougou | [139] |
129 | Orlando Beltran Quevedo OMI* | Philippines | 11 March 1939 (age 82) |
CP | 22 February 2014 Francis |
Archbishop emeritus of Cotabato | [140] |
130 | Chibly Langlois | Haiti | 29 November 1958 (age 62) |
CP | 22 February 2014 Francis |
Bishop of Les Cayes | [141] |
131 | Kelvin Edward Felix* | Saint Lucia | 15 February 1933 (age 88) |
CP | 22 February 2014 Francis |
Archbishop emeritus of Castries | [142] |
132 | Manuel José Macário do Nascimento Clemente | Portugal | 16 July 1948 (age 73) |
CP | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Patriarch of Lisbon | [143] |
133 | Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel CM | Ethiopia | 14 July 1948 (age 73) |
CP | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Archbishop of Addis Abeba (Ethiopian Catholic Church) |
[144] |
134 | John Atcherley Dew | New Zealand | 5 May 1948 (age 73) |
CP | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Archbishop of Wellington | [145] |
135 | Edoardo Menichelli* | Italy | 14 October 1939 (age 81) |
CP | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Archbishop emeritus of Ancona–Osimo | [146] |
136 | Pierre Nguyễn Văn Nhơn* | Vietnam | 1 April 1938 (age 83) |
CP | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Archbishop emeritus of Hanoi | [147] |
137 | Alberto Suárez Inda* | Mexico | 30 January 1939 (age 82) |
CP | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Archbishop emeritus of Morelia | [148] |
138 | Charles Maung Bo SDB | Myanmar | 29 October 1948 (age 72) |
CP | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Archbishop of Yangon | [149] |
139 | Francis Xavier Kriengsak Kovithavanij | Thailand | 27 June 1949 (age 72) |
CP | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Archbishop of Bangkok | [150] |
140 | Francesco Montenegro | Italy | 22 May 1946 (age 75) |
CP | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Archbishop emeritus of Agrigento | [151] |
141 | Daniel Fernando Sturla Berhouet SDB | Uruguay | 4 July 1959 (age 62) |
CP | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Archbishop of Montevideo | [152] |
142 | Ricardo Blázquez Pérez | Spain | 13 April 1942 (age 79) |
CP | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Archbishop of Valladolid | [153] |
143 | José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán OAR | Panama | 24 February 1944 (age 77) |
CP | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Bishop of David | [154] |
144 | Arlindo Gomes Furtado | Cape Verde | 15 November 1949 (age 71) |
CP | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Bishop of Santiago de Cabo Verde | [155] |
145 | Soane Patita Paini Mafi | Tonga | 19 December 1961 (age 59) |
CP | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Bishop of Tonga | [156] |
146 | Luis Héctor Villalba* | Argentina | 11 October 1934 (age 86) |
CP | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Archbishop emeritus of Tucumán | [157] |
147 | Júlio Duarte Langa* | Mozambique | 27 October 1927 (age 93) |
CP | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Bishop emeritus of Xai-Xai | [158] |
148 | Dieudonné Nzapalainga CSSp | Central African Republic | 14 March 1967 (age 54) |
CP | 19 November 2016 Francis |
Archbishop of Bangui | [159] |
149 | Carlos Osoro Sierra | Spain | 16 May 1945 (age 76) |
CP | 19 November 2016 Francis |
Archbishop of Madrid | [160] |
150 | Sérgio da Rocha | Brazil | 21 October 1959 (age 61) |
CP | 19 November 2016 Francis |
Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia | [161] |
151 | Blase Joseph Cupich | United States | 19 March 1949 (age 72) |
CP | 19 November 2016 Francis |
Archbishop of Chicago | [162] |
152 | Patrick D'Rozario CSC | Bangladesh | 1 October 1943 (age 77) |
CP | 19 November 2016 Francis |
Archbishop emeritus of Dhaka | [163] |
153 | Baltazar Enrique Porras Cardozo | Venezuela | 10 October 1944 (age 76) |
CP | 19 November 2016 Francis |
Archbishop of Mérida | [164] |
154 | Jozef De Kesel | Belgium | 17 June 1947 (age 74) |
CP | 19 November 2016 Francis |
Archbishop of Mechelen–Brussels | [165] |
155 | Maurice Piat CSSp* | Mauritius | 19 July 1941 (age 80) |
CP | 19 November 2016 Francis |
Bishop of Port-Louis | [166] |
156 | Carlos Aguiar Retes | Mexico | 9 January 1950 (age 71) |
CP | 19 November 2016 Francis |
Archbishop of Mexico | [167] |
157 | John Ribat MSC | Papua New Guinea | 9 February 1957 (age 64) |
CP | 19 November 2016 Francis |
Archbishop of Port Moresby | [168] |
158 | Joseph William Tobin CSsR | United States | 3 May 1952 (age 69) |
CP | 19 November 2016 Francis |
Archbishop of Newark | [169] |
159 | Jean Zerbo | Mali | 27 December 1943 (age 77) |
CP | 28 June 2017 Francis |
Archbishop of Bamako | [170] |
160 | Juan José Omella Omella | Spain | 21 April 1946 (age 75) |
CP | 28 June 2017 Francis |
Archbishop of Barcelona | [171] |
161 | Anders Arborelius OCD | Sweden | 24 September 1949 (age 71) |
CP | 28 June 2017 Francis |
Bishop of Stockholm | [172] |
162 | Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun IVD | Laos | 8 April 1944 (age 77) |
CP | 28 June 2017 Francis |
Apostolic Vicar of Vientiane | [173] |
163 | Gregorio Rosa Chávez | El Salvador | 3 September 1942 (age 78) |
CP | 28 June 2017 Francis |
Auxiliary Bishop of San Salvador | [174] |
164 | Angelo De Donatis | Italy | 4 January 1954 (age 67) |
CP | 28 June 2018 Francis |
Vicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran | [175] |
165 | Joseph Coutts | Pakistan | 21 July 1945 (age 76) |
CP | 28 June 2018 Francis |
Archbishop emeritus of Karachi | [176] |
166 | António Augusto dos Santos Marto | Portugal | 5 May 1947 (age 74) |
CP | 28 June 2018 Francis |
Bishop of Leiria–Fátima | [177] |
167 | Pedro Ricardo Barreto Jimeno SJ | Peru | 12 February 1944 (age 77) |
CP | 28 June 2018 Francis |
Archbishop of Huancayo | [178] |
168 | Désiré Tsarahazana | Madagascar | 13 June 1954 (age 67) |
CP | 28 June 2018 Francis |
Archbishop of Toamasina | [179] |
169 | Giuseppe Petrocchi | Italy | 19 August 1948 (age 73) |
CP | 28 June 2018 Francis |
Archbishop of L'Aquila | [180] |
170 | Thomas Aquino Manyo Maeda | Japan | 3 March 1949 (age 72) |
CP | 28 June 2018 Francis |
Archbishop of Osaka | [181] |
171 | Toribio Ticona Porco* | Bolivia | 25 April 1937 (age 84) |
CP | 28 June 2018 Francis |
Prelate emeritus of Corocoro | [182] |
172 | Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo | Indonesia | 9 July 1950 (age 71) |
CP | 5 October 2019 Francis |
Archbishop of Jakarta | [183] |
173 | Juan de la Caridad García Rodríguez | Cuba | 11 July 1948 (age 73) |
CP | 5 October 2019 Francis |
Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana | [184] |
174 | Fridolin Ambongo Besungu OFMCap | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 24 January 1960 (age 61) |
CP | 5 October 2019 Francis |
Archbishop of Kinshasa | [185] |
175 | Jean-Claude Hollerich SJ | Luxembourg | 9 August 1958 (age 63) |
CP | 5 October 2019 Francis |
Archbishop of Luxembourg | [186] |
176 | Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri | Guatemala | 16 July 1947 (age 74) |
CP | 5 October 2019 Francis |
Bishop of Huehuetenango | [187] |
177 | Matteo Maria Zuppi | Italy | 11 October 1955 (age 65) |
CP | 5 October 2019 Francis |
Archbishop of Bologna | [188] |
178 | Cristóbal López Romero SDB | Morocco | 19 May 1952 (age 69) |
CP | 5 October 2019 Francis |
Archbishop of Rabat | [189] |
179 | Sigitas Tamkevičius SJ* | Lithuania | 7 November 1938 (age 82) |
CP | 5 October 2019 Francis |
Archbishop emeritus of Kaunas | [190] |
180 | Eugenio Dal Corso PSDP* | Angola | 16 May 1939 (age 82) |
CP | 5 October 2019 Francis |
Bishop emeritus of Benguela | [191] |
181 | Antoine Kambanda | Rwanda | 10 November 1958 (age 62) |
CP | 28 November 2020 Francis |
Archbishop of Kigali | [192] |
182 | Wilton Daniel Gregory | United States | 7 December 1947 (age 73) |
CP | 28 November 2020 Francis |
Archbishop of Washington | [193] |
183 | Jose Fuerte Advincula | Philippines | 30 March 1952 (age 69) |
CP | 28 November 2020 Francis |
Archbishop of Manila | [194] |
184 | Celestino Aós Braco OFMCap | Chile | 6 April 1945 (age 76) |
CP | 28 November 2020 Francis |
Archbishop of Santiago de Chile | [195] |
185 | Augusto Paolo Lojudice | Italy | 1 July 1964 (age 57) |
CP | 28 November 2020 Francis |
Archbishop of Siena–Colle di Val d'Elsa–Montalcino | [196] |
186 | Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel* | Mexico | 1 May 1940 (age 81) |
CP | 28 November 2020 Francis |
Bishop emeritus of San Cristóbal de las Casas | [197] |
187 | Renato Raffaele Martino* | Italy | 23 November 1932 (age 88) |
CD | 21 October 2003 John Paul II |
President emeritus of the Pontifical Councils for Justice and Peace and for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People (Protodeacon) | [198] |
188 | Manuel Monteiro de Castro* | Portugal | 29 March 1938 (age 83) |
CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI |
Major Penitentiary emeritus | [199] |
189 | Santos Abril y Castelló* | Spain | 21 September 1935 (age 85) |
CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI |
Archpriest emeritus of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major | [200] |
190 | Antonio Maria Vegliò* | Italy | 3 February 1938 (age 83) |
CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI |
President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People | [201] |
191 | Giuseppe Bertello | Italy | 1 October 1942 (age 78) |
CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI |
President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State | [202] |
192 | Francesco Coccopalmerio* | Italy | 6 March 1938 (age 83) |
CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI |
President emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts | [203] |
193 | João Braz de Aviz | Brazil | 24 April 1947 (age 74) |
CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI |
Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life | [204] |
194 | Edwin Frederick O'Brien* | United States | 8 April 1939 (age 82) |
CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI |
Grand Master emeritus of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre | [205] |
195 | Domenico Calcagno | Italy | 3 February 1943 (age 78) |
CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI |
President emeritus of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See | [206] |
196 | Giuseppe Versaldi | Italy | 30 July 1943 (age 78) |
CD | 18 February 2012 Benedict XVI |
Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education | [207] |
197 | James Michael Harvey | United States | 20 October 1949 (age 71) |
CD | 24 November 2012 Benedict XVI |
Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls | [208] |
198 | Lorenzo Baldisseri* | Italy | 29 September 1940 (age 80) |
CD | 22 February 2014 Francis |
Secretary-General emeritus of the Synod of Bishops | [209] |
199 | Gerhard Ludwig Müller | Germany | 31 December 1947 (age 73) |
CD | 22 February 2014 Francis |
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith | [210] |
200 | Dominique Mamberti | France | 7 March 1952 (age 69) |
CD | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura | [211] |
201 | Luigi De Magistris* | Italy | 23 February 1926 (age 95) |
CD | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Pro–Major Penitentiary emeritus | [212] |
202 | Karl-Josef Rauber* | Germany | 11 April 1934 (age 87) |
CD | 14 February 2015 Francis |
Apostolic Nuncio emeritus to Belgium and to Luxembourg | [213] |
203 | Mario Zenari | Italy | 5 January 1946 (age 75) |
CD | 19 November 2016 Francis |
Apostolic Nuncio to Syria | [214] |
204 | Kevin Joseph Farrell | United States | 2 September 1947 (age 73) |
CD | 19 November 2016 Francis |
Prefect of the Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church | [215] |
205 | Ernest Simoni* | Albania | 18 October 1928 (age 92) |
CD | 19 November 2016 Francis |
Priest of the Archdiocese of Shkodër–Pult[g] | [216] |
206 | Luis Francisco Ladaria Ferrer SJ | Spain | 19 April 1944 (age 77) |
CD | 28 June 2018 Francis |
Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith | [217] |
207 | Giovanni Angelo Becciu*[h] | Italy | 2 June 1948 (age 73) |
CD | 28 June 2018 Francis |
Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints and Special Delegate emeritus to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta | [218] |
208 | Konrad Krajewski | Poland | 25 November 1963 (age 57) |
CD | 28 June 2018 Francis |
Almoner of His Holiness | [219] |
209 | Aquilino Bocos Merino CMF* | Spain | 17 May 1938 (age 83) |
CD | 28 June 2018 Francis |
Superior General emeritus of the Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary | [220] |
210 | Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot MCCJ | Spain | 17 June 1952 (age 69) |
CD | 5 October 2019 Francis |
President of the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue | [221] |
211 | José Tolentino Calaça de Mendonça | Portugal | 15 December 1965 (age 55) |
CD | 5 October 2019 Francis |
Archivist and Librarian of the Holy Roman Church | [222] |
212 | Michael Czerny SJ | Canada | 18 July 1946 (age 75) |
CD | 5 October 2019 Francis |
Under-Secretary of the Migrants and Refugees Section of the Dicastery for Promoting Integral Human Development | [223] |
213 | Michael Louis Fitzgerald MAfr* | United Kingdom | 17 August 1937 (age 84) |
CD | 5 October 2019 Francis |
Apostolic Nuncio emeritus to Egypt | [224] |
214 | Mario Grech | Malta | 20 February 1957 (age 64) |
CD | 28 November 2020 Francis |
Secretary-General of the Synod of Bishops | [225] |
215 | Marcello Semeraro | Italy | 22 December 1947 (age 73) |
CD | 28 November 2020 Francis |
Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints | [226] |
216 | Mauro Gambetti OFMConv | Italy | 27 October 1965 (age 55) |
CD | 28 November 2020 Francis |
Vicar General for Vatican City, Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President of the Fabric of Saint Peter | [227] |
217 | Silvano Maria Tomasi CS* | Italy | 12 October 1940 (age 80) |
CD | 28 November 2020 Francis |
Special Delegate to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta | [228] |
218 | Raniero Cantalamessa OFMCap* | Italy | 22 July 1934 (age 87) |
CD | 28 November 2020 Francis |
Preacher of the Papal Household[g] | [229] |
219 | Enrico Feroci* | Italy | 27 August 1940 (age 81) |
CD | 28 November 2020 Francis |
Pastor of the Shrine of Our Lady of Divine Love in Castel di Leva, Rome | [230] |
Former cardinals[]
As of 28 July 2018, there are three living former cardinals, listed here in chronological order of when they ceased to be a cardinal:
- Joseph Ratzinger, created a cardinal on 27 June 1977, elected Pope Benedict XVI on 19 April 2005[231]
- Jorge Mario Bergoglio SJ, created a cardinal on 21 February 2001, elected Pope Francis on 13 March 2013[232]
- Theodore Edgar McCarrick, created a cardinal on 21 February 2001, resigned from the College of Cardinals following allegations of sexual misconduct on 28 July 2018[233][234]
Demographics of the College of Cardinals[]
This table shows the number of living cardinals created by each pope and belonging to each order. By default, it is sorted by order of pontificate.
Currently, 122 of 219 cardinals (55.7 per cent) are eligible to participate in a papal conclave. The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds supermajority, if all 122 cardinal electors were to participate (notwithstanding the maximum of 120 specified in Universi Dominici gregis), would be 82.[3][235]
Pope | Order | Total | Percentage of total | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Name | Cardinal bishops | Cardinal priests | Cardinal deacons | |||||||
All | Electors | All | Electors | All | Electors | All | Electors | All | Electors | ||
264 | John Paul II 16 October 1978 – 2 April 2005 |
6 | 1 | 53 | 12 | 1 | 0 | 60 | 13 | 27.4% | 10.7% |
265 | Benedict XVI 19 April 2005 – 28 February 2013 |
5 | 3 | 51 | 31 | 10 | 5 | 66 | 39 | 30.1% | 32.0% |
266 | Francis 13 March 2013 – present |
3 | 2 | 68 | 56 | 22 | 12 | 93 | 70 | 42.5% | 57.4% |
Total | 14 | 6 | 172 | 99 | 33 | 17 | 219 | 122 | 100.0% | 100.0% | |
Percentage of total | 6.4% | 4.9% | 78.5% | 81.1% | 15.1% | 13.9% | 100.0% | 100.0% |
Cardinals by particular church sui iuris[]
While most cardinals belong to the Latin Church, which encompasses the vast majority of Catholics, a small number of cardinals belong to one of the twenty-three autonomous (sui iuris) Eastern Catholic Churches.
Currently, there are seven Eastern Catholic cardinals, including four cardinal electors, belonging to seven particular churches sui iuris:
- Antonios Naguib (Coptic Catholic Church)
- Béchara Boutros Raï OMM (Maronite Church)
- Louis Raphaël I Sako (Chaldean Catholic Church), cardinal elector
- George Alencherry (Syro-Malabar Catholic Church), cardinal elector
- Lucian Mureșan (Romanian Greek Catholic Church)
- Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal (Syro-Malankara Catholic Church), cardinal elector
- Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel CM (Ethiopian Catholic Church), cardinal elector
For Eastern Catholic particular churches sui iuris, bracketed percentages in this table are in relation to all Eastern Catholic Churches as a whole.
Particular church sui iuris | All cardinals | Cardinal electors | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Percentage | Number | Percentage | ||
Latin Church (Western) |
212 | 96.8% | 118 | 96.7% | |
Eastern Churches | Chaldean Catholic Church | 1 | 0.5% (14.3%) |
1 | 0.8% (25.0%) |
Coptic Catholic Church | 1 | 0.5% (14.3%) |
0 | 0.0% (0.0%) | |
Ethiopian Catholic Church | 1 | 0.5% (14.3%) |
1 | 0.8% (25.0%) | |
Maronite Church | 1 | 0.5% (14.3%) |
0 | 0.0% (0.0%) | |
Romanian Greek Catholic Church | 1 | 0.5% (14.3%) |
0 | 0.0% (0.0%) | |
Syro-Malabar Catholic Church | 1 | 0.5% (14.3%) |
1 | 0.8% (25.0%) | |
Syro-Malankara Catholic Church | 1 | 0.5% (14.3%) |
1 | 0.8% (25.0%) | |
Total | 7 | 3.2% (100.0%) |
4 | 3.3% (100.0%) | |
Total | 219 | 100.0% | 122 | 100.0% |
Cardinals by institute of consecrated life or society of apostolic life[]
Currently, there are 48 cardinals (21.9 per cent), including 27 cardinal electors (22.1 per cent), belonging to 25 institutes of consecrated life or societies of apostolic life. Common names, if different, are given in brackets in this table.
Post-nominal | Institute or society | All cardinals | Cardinal electors |
---|---|---|---|
CM | Congregation of the Mission (Vincentians/Lazarists) | 2 | 1 |
CMF | Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Claretians) | 2 | 0 |
CS | Congregation of the Missionaries of Saint Charles Borromeo (Scalabrinians) | 1 | 0 |
CSC | Congregation of Holy Cross (Holy Cross Fathers) | 1 | 1 |
CSSp | Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Holy Ghost Fathers / Spiritans) | 2 | 1 |
CSsR | Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists) | 1 | 1 |
ISch | Institute of Schönstatt Fathers | 1 | 0 |
ISPX | Pius X Secular Institute | 1 | 1 |
IVD | 1 | 1 | |
MAfr | Missionaries of Africa (White Fathers) | 1 | 0 |
MCCJ | Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus | 1 | 1 |
MSC | Missionaries of the Sacred Heart | 1 | 1 |
OAR | Order of Augustinian Recollects | 1 | 1 |
OCD | Order of Discalced Carmelites | 1 | 1 |
OCist | Order of Cistercians | 1 | 1 |
OFM | Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans) | 4 | 0 |
OFMCap | Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins) | 4 | 3 |
OFMConv | Order of Friars Minor Conventual (Conventual Franciscans) | 1 | 1 |
OMI | Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (Oblates) | 1 | 0 |
OMM | Mariamite Maronite Order (Aleppians) | 1 | 0 |
OP | Order of Preachers (Dominicans) | 2 | 2 |
PSDP | Poor Servants of Divine Providence | 1 | 0 |
PSS | Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice (Sulpicians) | 1 | 1 |
SDB | Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Salesians) | 9 | 5 |
SJ | Society of Jesus (Jesuits) | 6 | 4 |
None | Secular clergy | 171 | 95 |
Total | 219 | 122 |
Cardinals by continent[]
For the purposes of this article, countries are grouped into continents generally according to the regions of the United Nations geoscheme; for the Americas region, North America comprises the Northern America, the Central America and the Caribbean subregions, while South America comprises the remaining subregion of the same name.
Continent | All cardinals | Cardinal electors | Percentage of global Catholic population (2019)[236] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Percentage | Number | Percentage | ||
Africa | 27 | 12.3% | 15 | 12.3% | 18.7% |
North America | 35 | 16.0% | 23 | 18.9% | 48.1%[i] |
South America | 24 | 11.0% | 14 | 11.5% | |
Asia | 25 | 11.4% | 15 | 12.3% | 11.3% |
Europe | 103 | 47.5% | 52 | 42.6% | 21.2% |
Oceania | 5 | 2.3% | 3 | 2.5% | 0.7% |
Total | 219 | 100.0% | 122 | 100.0% | 100.0% |
Cardinals by country[]
Currently, there are 87 countries that have cardinals, 65 of which have cardinal electors. The countries with the greatest percentages of all cardinals are Italy (21.5 per cent), the United States (6.8 per cent) and Spain (5.9 per cent). Among the cardinal electors, the countries with the greatest percentages are Italy (17.2 per cent), the United States (7.4 per cent) and Spain (4.9 per cent).
Country | Continent | All cardinals | Cardinal electors |
---|---|---|---|
Albania | Europe | 1 | 0 |
Angola | Africa | 2 | 0 |
Argentina | South America | 4 | 2 |
Australia | Oceania | 1 | 0 |
Austria | Europe | 1 | 1 |
Bangladesh | Asia | 1 | 1 |
Belgium | Europe | 1 | 1 |
Bolivia | South America | 1 | 0 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe | 1 | 1 |
Brazil | South America | 8 | 4 |
Burkina Faso | Africa | 1 | 1 |
Canada | North America | 4 | 4 |
Cape Verde | Africa | 1 | 1 |
Central African Republic | Africa | 1 | 1 |
Chile | South America | 4 | 2 |
China (Hong Kong)[d] | Asia | 2 | 0 |
Colombia | South America | 2 | 1 |
Cuba | North America | 1 | 1 |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | Africa | 1 | 1 |
Croatia | Europe | 1 | 1 |
Czech Republic | Europe | 1 | 1 |
Dominican Republic | North America | 1 | 0 |
Egypt | Africa | 1 | 0 |
El Salvador | North America | 1 | 1 |
Ethiopia | Africa | 1 | 1 |
France | Europe | 5 | 4 |
Germany | Europe | 8 | 3 |
Ghana | Africa | 1 | 1 |
Guatemala | North America | 1 | 1 |
Guinea | Africa | 1 | 1 |
Haiti | North America | 1 | 1 |
Honduras | North America | 1 | 1 |
Hungary | Europe | 1 | 1 |
India | Asia | 4 | 3 |
Indonesia | Asia | 2 | 1 |
Iraq | Asia | 1 | 1 |
Ireland | Europe | 1 | 0 |
Italy | Europe | 47 | 21 |
Ivory Coast | Africa | 1 | 1 |
Japan | Asia | 1 | 1 |
Kenya | Africa | 1 | 1 |
South Korea | Asia | 1 | 1 |
Laos | Asia | 1 | 1 |
Latvia | Europe | 1 | 0 |
Lebanon | Asia | 1 | 0 |
Lithuania | Europe | 2 | 0 |
Luxembourg | Europe | 1 | 1 |
Madagascar | Africa | 1 | 1 |
Mali | Africa | 1 | 1 |
Malta | Europe | 1 | 1 |
Mauritius | Africa | 1 | 0 |
Mexico | North America | 7 | 3 |
Morocco | Africa | 1 | 1 |
Mozambique | Africa | 2 | 0 |
Myanmar | Asia | 1 | 1 |
Netherlands | Europe | 1 | 1 |
New Zealand | Oceania | 2 | 1 |
Nicaragua | North America | 1 | 1 |
Nigeria | Africa | 3 | 1 |
Pakistan | Asia | 1 | 1 |
Panama | North America | 1 | 1 |
Papua New Guinea | Oceania | 1 | 1 |
Peru | South America | 2 | 2 |
Philippines | Asia | 4 | 2 |
Poland | Europe | 4 | 3 |
Portugal | Europe | 5 | 3 |
Romania | Europe | 1 | 0 |
Rwanda | Africa | 1 | 1 |
Saint Lucia | North America | 1 | 0 |
Senegal | Africa | 1 | 0 |
Slovakia | Europe | 1 | 0 |
Slovenia | Europe | 1 | 0 |
South Africa | Africa | 1 | 0 |
Spain | Europe | 13 | 6 |
Sri Lanka | Asia | 1 | 1 |
Sudan | Africa | 1 | 0 |
Sweden | Europe | 1 | 1 |
Switzerland | Europe | 1 | 1 |
Tanzania | Africa | 1 | 1 |
Thailand | Asia | 2 | 1 |
Tonga | Oceania | 1 | 1 |
Uganda | Africa | 1 | 0 |
United Kingdom | Europe | 2 | 1 |
United States | North America | 15 | 9 |
Uruguay | South America | 1 | 1 |
Venezuela | South America | 2 | 2 |
Vietnam | Asia | 2 | 0 |
Total | 219 | 122 |
See also[]
- Cardinals created by John Paul II
- Cardinals created by Benedict XVI
- Cardinals created by Francis
- Cardinal electors for the 2013 papal conclave
- Council of Cardinal Advisers
- List of creations of cardinals
- Suburbicarian diocese
- Titular church (List of titular churches)
Notes[]
- ^ The dean of the College of Cardinals holds the title of the Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia ex officio, in addition to his original one when first appointed a cardinal bishop.[1]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon and the junior cardinal deacon have specific roles in a papal conclave, such as presiding over the conclave itself (the senior cardinal bishop) or announcing the election of the pope (the senior cardinal deacon).[3]
- ^ Created in pectore; revealed on 21 February 2001
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Special administrative region of China
- ^ Territory as archbishop also in the United Kingdom
- ^ Exact date of birth unknown
- ^ Jump up to: a b Granted dispensation not to receive episcopal consecration
- ^ Resigned the rights and privileges of a cardinal on 24 September 2020
- ^ For the Americas (North and South America) as a whole
- ^ Created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 October 2002
- ^ Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018 and co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
- ^ Created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 10 January 1994
- ^ Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996 and appointed a cardinal bishop on 25 April 2005
- ^ Created a cardinal priest; appointed a cardinal bishop on 10 May 2008
- ^ Created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 24 February 2009
- ^ Jump up to: a b Created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
- ^ Created a cardinal deacon; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 28 June 2018
- ^ Created a cardinal deacon; appointed a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
- ^ Created a cardinal priest; co-opted as a cardinal bishop on 1 May 2020
- ^ Jump up to: a b Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 29 January 1996
- ^ Jump up to: a b Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 1 March 2008
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 21 February 2011
- ^ Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 May 2006
- ^ Jump up to: a b Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 12 June 2014
- ^ Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 20 June 2016
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 19 May 2018
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Created a cardinal deacon; became a cardinal priest on 3 May 2021
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "The College of Cardinals General Documentazion". Holy See Press Office. 17 February 2014. The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
- ^ Sägmüller, Johannes Baptist (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Pope John Paul II (22 February 1996). "Universi Dominici Gregis". The Holy See (Apostolic constitution). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Archived from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
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- ^ "Becciu Card. Giovanni Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ "Krajewski Card. Konrad". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
- ^ "Bocos Merino Card. Aquilino, C.M.F." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 July 2018. Retrieved 14 July 2018.
- ^ "Ayuso Guixot Card. Miguel Ángel, M.C.C.J." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ "Mendonça de Card. José Tolentino". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ "Czerny Card. Michael, S.I." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
- ^ "Fitzgerald Card. Michael Louis, M. Afr". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
- ^ "Grech Card. Mario". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Semeraro Card. Marcello". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Gambetti Card. Mauro, O.F.M. Conv". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Tomasi Card. Silvano Maria, C.S." Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Cantalamessa Card. Raniero, O.F.M. Cap". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "Feroci Card. Enrico". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 28 November 2020.
- ^ "L'annuncio dell'elezione del Papa" [Announcement of the election of the Pope]. Sala Stampa della Santa Sede. 19 April 2005. Archived from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 19 April 2005.
- ^ "L'annuncio dell'elezione del Papa" [Announcement of the election of the Pope]. Sala Stampa della Santa Sede. 13 March 2013. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2013.
- ^ "Comunicato della Sala Stampa della Santa Sede" [Holy See Press Office Communiqué]. Sala Stampa della Santa Sede. 28 July 2018. Archived from the original on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
- ^ Povoledo, Elisabetta; Otterman, Sharon (28 July 2018). "Cardinal Theodore McCarrick Resigns Amid Sexual Abuse Scandal". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
- ^ Pope Benedict XVI (11 June 2007). "De aliquis mutationibus in normis de electione Romani Pontificis". The Holy See (Motu proprio) (in Latin). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Archived from the original on 7 March 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2007.
- ^ "Pubblicati l'Annuario Pontificio 2021 e l'Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae 2019". L'Osservatore Romano (in Italian). 25 March 2021. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
External links[]
- Media related to Cardinals at Wikimedia Commons
- Holy See Press Office, The College of Cardinals
- GCatholic.org, College of Cardinals
- Cardinals (Catholic Church)
- Lists of cardinals
- College of Cardinals
- Lists of living people