List of mammals of Thailand

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) is the national animal of Thailand.

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Thailand. There are 264 mammal species in Thailand, of which three are critically endangered, eleven are endangered, twenty-four are vulnerable, and two are near threatened. One of the species listed for Thailand is considered to be extinct.[1]

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EX Extinct No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW Extinct in the wild Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR Critically endangered The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN Endangered The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU Vulnerable The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT Near threatened The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC Least concern There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD Data deficient There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]

Sambar deer
Gaur

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

  • Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
    • Subfamily: Bovinae
      • Genus: Bos
        • Gaur, B. gaurus VU[2]
        • Banteng, B. javanicus EN[3]
      • Genus: Bubalus
        • Wild water buffalo, B. arnee EN[4]
    • Subfamily: Caprinae
      • Genus: Capricornis
        • Mainland serow, C. sumatraensis VU[5]
      • Genus: Nemorhaedus
        • Chinese goral, N. caudatus VU[6]
  • Family: Cervidae (deer)
  • Family: Suidae (pigs)
    • Subfamily: Suinae
      • Genus: Sus
        • Wild boar, S. scrofa LC[11]
  • Family: Tragulidae
    • Genus: Tragulus
      • Lesser mouse deer, T. kanchil LC[12]
      • Greater mouse deer, T. napu LC

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]

Indochinese tiger
Indochinese leopard
Asian palm civet
Dhole
Back-striped weasel
European otter

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

  • Suborder: Feliformia
    • Family: Felidae (cats)
      • Subfamily: Felinae
        • Genus: Catopuma
          • Asian golden cat, C. temminckii NT[13]
        • Genus: Felis
          • Jungle cat, F. chaus LC[14]
        • Genus: Pardofelis
          • Marbled cat, P. marmorata NT[15]
        • Genus: Prionailurus
          • Leopard cat, P. bengalensis LC[16]
          • Flat-headed cat, P. planiceps VU possibly extirpated[17]
          • Fishing cat, P. viverrinus VU[18]
      • Subfamily: Pantherinae
        • Genus: Neofelis
          • Clouded leopard, N. nebulosa VU[19]
        • Genus: Panthera
          • Leopard, P. pardus VU[20]
            • Indochinese leopard, P. p. delacouri
          • Tiger, P. tigris EN[21]
    • Family: Viverridae
      • Subfamily: Paradoxurinae
        • Genus: Arctictis
          • Binturong, A. binturong VU[22]
        • Genus: Arctogalidia
          • Small-toothed palm civet, A. trivirgata LC[23]
        • Genus: Paguma
          • Masked palm civet, P. larvata LC[24]
        • Genus: Paradoxurus
          • Asian palm civet, P. hermaphroditus LC[25]
      • Subfamily: Hemigalinae
        • Genus: Cynogale
          • Otter civet, C. bennettii EN[26]
        • Genus: Hemigalus
          • Banded palm civet, H. derbyanus NT[27]
      • Subfamily: Prionodontinae
      • Subfamily: Viverrinae
        • Genus: Viverra
        • Genus: Viverricula
          • Small Indian civet, V. indica LC[33]
    • Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
  • Suborder: Caniformia
    • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
      • Genus: Canis
        • Golden jackal, C. aureus LC[36]
      • Genus: Cuon
        • Dhole, C. alpinus EN[37]
    • Family: Ursidae (bears)
      • Genus: Ursus
        • Asiatic black bear, U. thibetanus VU[38]
      • Genus: Helarctos
        • Sun bear, H. malayanus VU[39]
    • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
      • Genus: Martes
        • Yellow-throated marten, M. flavigula LC[40]
      • Genus: Mustela
      • Genus: Arctonyx
        • Greater hog badger, A. collaris VU[45]
      • Genus: Melogale
        • Burmese ferret badger, M. personata LC[46]
      • Genus: Lutra
        • Eurasian otter, L. lutra NT[47]
        • Hairy-nosed otter, L. sumatrana EN[48]
      • Genus: Lutrogale
        • Smooth-coated otter, L. perspicillata VU[49]
      • Genus: Aonyx
        • Asian small-clawed otter, A. cinereus VU[50]

Order: Cetacea (whales)[]

Bryde's whale off Phi Phi Islands
Spinner dolphins
Risso's dolphin

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

  • Suborder: Mysticeti
    • Family: Balaenopteridae
      • Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
        • Genus: Balaenoptera
          • Minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata
          • Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis EN
          • Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN
          • Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus EN
          • Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni/brydei DD
          • Omura's whale, Balaenoptera omurai DD
        • Genus: Megaptera
          • Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC
  • Suborder: Odontoceti
    • Superfamily: Platanistoidea
      • Family: Phocoenidae
        • Genus: Neophocaena
          • Finless porpoise, Neophocaena phocaenoides DD
      • Family: Physeteridae
        • Genus: Physeter
          • Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
      • Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
        • Genus: Steno
          • Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis DD
        • Genus: Sousa
          • Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin, Sousa chinensis DD
        • Genus: Tursiops
          • Bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus DD
          • Bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus DD
        • Genus: Stenella
          • Pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata
          • Spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris
        • Genus: Lagenodelphis
        • Genus: Grampus
        • Genus: Feresa
          • Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD
        • Genus: Orcaella
          • Irrawaddy dolphin, O. brevirostris EN[51]
        • Genus: Orcinus

Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]

Serotine bat
Megaderma lyra

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Dermoptera (colugos)[]

Sunda flying lemur

The two species of colugos make up the order Dermoptera. They are arboreal gliding mammals found in Southeast Asia.

  • Family: Cynocephalidae (flying lemurs)
    • Genus: Galeopterus
      • Sunda flying lemur, G. variegatus LC[56]

Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, gymnures, moles and solenodons)[]

Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, gymnures look more like large rats, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

  • Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs and gymnures)
    • Subfamily: Galericinae
      • Genus: Echinosorex
        • Gymnure, Echinosorex gymnura
      • Genus: Hylomys
        • Short-tailed gymnure, Hylomys suillus
  • Family: Soricidae (shrews)
  • Family: Talpidae (moles)

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[]

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

  • Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)[]

Sunda pangolin

The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.

  • Family: Manidae
    • Genus: Manis
      • Sunda pangolin, M. javanica CR[57]
      • Chinese pangolin, M. pentadactyla CR[58]

Order: Primates[]

Lar gibbon

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.

Order: Proboscidea (elephants)[]

The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.

  • Family: Elephantidae (elephants)
    • Genus: Elephas
      • Asian elephant, E. maximus EN[67]
        • Indian elephant, E. m. indicus

Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]

Polynesian rat
Asiatic long-tailed climbing mouse

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Scandentia (treeshrews)[]

Common treeshrew

The treeshrews are small mammals native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. Although called treeshrews, they are not true shrews and are not all arboreal.

  • Family: Tupaiidae (tree shrews)
    • Genus: Dendrogale
      • Northern smooth-tailed tree shrew, D. murina LC
    • Genus: Tupaia
      • Northern treeshrew, T. belangeri LC[69]
      • Common treeshrew, T. glis LC[70]
      • Pygmy treeshrew, T. minor LC[71]
  • Family: Ptilocercidae

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)[]

Dugongs

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.

  • Family: Dugongidae
    • Genus: Dugong
      • Dugong, D. dugon VU[73]

Locally extinct[]

The following species are locally extinct in the country:

  • Kouprey, Bos sauveli[74]
  • Sumatran rhinoceros, Dicerorhinus sumatrensis[75]
  • Eld's deer, Rucervus eldii possibly extirpated[76]
  • Javan rhinoceros, Rhinoceros sondaicus[77]

See also[]

  • List of species native to Thailand
  • Animal welfare in Thailand

References[]

  1. ^ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
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  3. ^ Gardner, P.; Hedges, S.; Pudyatmoko, S.; Gray, T.N.E. & Timmins, R.J. (2016). "Bos javanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T2888A46362970.
  4. ^ Kaul, R.; Williams, A.C.; rithe, k.; Steinmetz, R. & Mishra, R. (2019). "Bubalus arnee". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T3129A46364616.
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