List of mammals of the United States
About 490 species of mammals are recorded in the United States. Unincorporated territories like for example Puerto Rico, Guam or Northern Mariana Islands are not covered. Mammals introduced and extinct in the Holocene except Pleistocene/Holocene boundary are included.
According to the IUCN Red List 3 of these species are critically endangered, 20 endangered, 15 vulnerable, 20 near threatened and 4 extinct.[1]
Some species are identified as indicated below:
- (A) - Accidental
- (E) - Extinct
- (Ex) - Extirpated (extinct in the US, but exists elsewhere in the world)
- (I) - Introduced
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:
EX | Extinct | No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died. |
EW | Extinct in the wild | Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized population well outside its previous range. |
CR | Critically endangered | The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild. |
EN | Endangered | The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. |
VU | Vulnerable | The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild. |
NT | Near threatened | The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorize it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future. |
LC | Least concern | There are no current identifiable risks to the species. |
DD | Data deficient | There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species. |
(v. 2013.2, the data are current as of March 5, 2014[1])
and the Endangered Species Act:
E | Endangered |
T | Threatened |
XN, XE | eXperimental Nonessential or Essential population |
E(S/A), T(S/A) | Endangered or Threatened due to Similarity of Appearance |
(the data are current as of March 28, 2014[2])
Subclass: Theria[]
Infraclass: Metatheria[]
Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)[]
Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene. They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail.
- Family: Didelphidae (American opossums)
- Subfamily: Didelphinae
Infraclass: Eutheria[]
Order: Cingulata (armadillos)[]
The armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. They are native to the Americas. There are around 20 extant species. Only the nine-banded armadillo is found in the United States.
- Family: Dasypodidae (armadillos)
- Subfamily: Dasypodinae
- Nine-banded armadillo, D. novemcinctus [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Dasypodinae
Order: Rodentia (rodents)[]
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).
- Suborder: Hystricognathi
- Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
- Subfamily: Erethizontinae
- North American porcupine, E. dorsatum [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Erethizontinae
- Family: Erethizontidae (New World porcupines)
- Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Aplodontiidae (mountain beaver)
- Mountain beaver, A. rufa [n 3] LC (ssp. nigra: E)
- Family: Castoridae (beavers)
- American beaver, C. canadensis [n 3] LC
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Tribe: Pteromyini
- Northern flying squirrel, G. sabrinus [n 3] LC
(Carolina northern flying squirrel G. s. coloratus, Virginia northern flying squirrel G. s. fuscus: E) - Humboldt's flying squirrel, G. oregonensis
- Southern flying squirrel, G. volans [n 3] LC
- Northern flying squirrel, G. sabrinus [n 3] LC
- Tribe: Sciurini
- Abert's squirrel, S. aberti [n 3] LC
- Arizona gray squirrel, S. arizonensis [n 3] DD
- Eastern gray squirrel, S. carolinensis [n 3] LC
- Western gray squirrel, S. griseus [n 3] LC
- Mexican fox squirrel, S. nayaritensis [n 4] LC
- Fox squirrel, S. niger [n 3] LC
(Delmarva fox squirrel, S. n. cinereus: E) - Douglas squirrel, T. douglasii [n 3] LC
- Southwestern red squirrel, T. fremonti NE
(Mount Graham red squirrel, T. f. grahamensis: E) - North American red squirrel, T. hudsonicus [n 3] LC
- Tribe: Pteromyini
- Subfamily: Xerinae
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Harris's antelope squirrel, A. harrisii [n 3] LC
- Texas antelope squirrel, A. interpres LC
- White-tailed antelope squirrel, A. leucurus LC
- San Joaquin antelope squirrel, A. nelsoni [n 3] EN
- Gunnison's prairie dog, C. gunnisoni LC
- White-tailed prairie dog, C. leucurus [n 1] LC
- Black-tailed prairie dog, C. ludovicianus [n 3] LC
- Utah prairie dog, C. parvidens [n 1] EN T
- Alaska marmot, M. broweri [n 1] (Alaska only) LC
- Hoary marmot, M. caligata [n 3] LC
- Yellow-bellied marmot, M. flaviventris [n 3] LC
- Groundhog, M. monax [n 3] LC
- Olympic marmot, M. olympus [n 3] LC
- California ground squirrel, O. beecheyi [n 3] LC
- Rock squirrel, O. variegatus [n 3] LC
- Golden-mantled ground squirrel, C. lateralis [n 3] LC
- Cascade golden-mantled ground squirrel, C. saturatus [n 1] LC
- Mohave ground squirrel, X. mohavensis [n 3] VU
- Spotted ground squirrel, X. spilosoma [n 3] LC
- Round-tailed ground squirrel, X. tereticaudus [n 3] LC
- Franklin's ground squirrel, P. franklinii [n 3] LC
- Mexican ground squirrel, I. mexicanus [n 3] LC
- Rio Grande ground squirrel, I. parvidens [8]
- Thirteen-lined ground squirrel, I. tridecemlineatus [n 3] LC
- Uinta ground squirrel, U. armatus [n 3] LC
- Belding's ground squirrel, U. beldingi [n 3] LC
- Northern Idaho ground squirrel, U. brunneus [n 3] CR
- Southern Idaho ground squirrel, U. endemicus [n 3] VU
- Columbian ground squirrel, U. columbianus [n 3] LC
- Wyoming ground squirrel, U. elegans [n 1] LC
- Arctic ground squirrel, U. parryii [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- Richardson's ground squirrel, U. richardsonii [n 3] LC
- Townsend's ground squirrel, U. townsendii [n 3] VU and:
- Merriam's ground squirrel, U. canus [n 1] LC
- Piute ground squirrel, U. mollis [n 1][9] LC
- , U. (townsendii) nancyae [10] VU
- Washington ground squirrel, U. washingtoni [n 3] NT
- Alpine chipmunk, N. alpinus [n 3] LC
- Yellow-pine chipmunk, N. amoenus [n 3] LC
- Gray-footed chipmunk, N. canipes [n 1] LC
- Gray-collared chipmunk, N. cinereicollis [n 3] LC
- Cliff chipmunk, N. dorsalis [n 3] LC
- Merriam's chipmunk, N. merriami [n 3] LC
- Least chipmunk, N. minimus [n 3] LC
- California chipmunk, N. obscurus [n 1] LC
- Yellow-cheeked chipmunk, N. ochrogenys [n 1] LC
- Palmer's chipmunk, N. palmeri [n 3] EN
- Panamint chipmunk, N. panamintinus [n 3] LC
- Long-eared chipmunk, N. quadrimaculatus [n 3] LC
- Colorado chipmunk, N. quadrivittatus [n 3] LC
- Red-tailed chipmunk, N. ruficaudus [n 3] LC
- Hopi chipmunk, N. rufus [n 1] LC
- Allen's chipmunk, N. senex [n 1] LC
- Siskiyou chipmunk, N. siskiyou [n 1] LC
- Sonoma chipmunk, N. sonomae [n 3] LC
- Lodgepole chipmunk, N. speciosus [n 3] LC
- Eastern chipmunk, T. striatus [n 3] LC
- Townsend's chipmunk, N. townsendii [n 3] LC
- Uinta chipmunk, N. umbrinus [n 3] LC
- Tribe: Marmotini
- Subfamily: Sciurinae
- Family: Geomyidae
- Desert pocket gopher, G. arenarius [n 1] NT
- Attwater's pocket gopher, G. attwateri [n 1] LC
- Baird's pocket gopher, G. breviceps [n 1] LC
- Plains pocket gopher, G. bursarius [n 3] LC and:
- Knox Jones's pocket gopher, G. knoxjonesi [n 1] LC
- Texas pocket gopher, G. personatus [n 3] LC and:
- , G. streckeri [8]
- Southeastern pocket gopher, G. pinetis [n 3] LC
- Llano pocket gopher, G. texensis [n 1] LC
- Yellow-faced pocket gopher, P. castanops [n 3] LC
- Botta's pocket gopher, T. bottae [n 5] LC
- Camas pocket gopher, T. bulbivorus [n 3] LC
- Wyoming pocket gopher, T. clusius [n 1] LC
- Idaho pocket gopher, T. idahoensis [n 1] LC
- Mazama pocket gopher, T. mazama [n 3] LC
- Mountain pocket gopher, T. monticola [n 3] LC
- Northern pocket gopher, T. talpoides [n 3] LC
- Townsend's pocket gopher, T. townsendii [n 3] LC
- Southern pocket gopher, T. umbrinus [n 3] LC
- Family: Heteromyidae
- Subfamily: Dipodomyinae
- Agile kangaroo rat, D. agilis [n 3] LC
- California kangaroo rat, D. californicus [n 1] LC
- Gulf Coast kangaroo rat, D. compactus [n 1] LC
- Desert kangaroo rat, D. deserti [n 3] LC
- Texas kangaroo rat, D. elator [n 3] VU
- Heermann's kangaroo rat, D. heermanni [n 3] LC
(Morro Bay kangaroo rat, D. h. morroensis: E) - Giant kangaroo rat, D. ingens [n 3] EN E
- Merriam's kangaroo rat, D. merriami [n 3] LC (San Bernardino kangaroo rat, D. m. parvus: E)
- Chisel-toothed kangaroo rat, D. microps [n 3] LC
- Fresno kangaroo rat, D. nitratoides [n 3] VU (Fresno subspecies D. n. exilis and Tipton kangaroo rat, D. n. nitratoides: E)
- Ord's kangaroo rat, D. ordii [n 3] LC
- Panamint kangaroo rat, D. panamintinus [n 3] LC
- Banner-tailed kangaroo rat, D. spectabilis [n 3] NT
- Stephens' kangaroo rat, D. stephensi [n 3] EN E
- Dulzura kangaroo rat, D. simulans [n 1] LC
- Narrow-faced kangaroo rat, D. venustus [n 3][n 6] LC and:
- Big-eared kangaroo rat, D. (venustus) elephantinus [n 7][n 6]
(D. venustus: LC)
- Big-eared kangaroo rat, D. (venustus) elephantinus [n 7][n 6]
- Dark kangaroo mouse, M. megacephalus [n 3] LC
- Pale kangaroo mouse, M. pallidus [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Heteromyinae
- Mexican spiny pocket mouse, L. irroratus [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Perognathinae
- Bailey's pocket mouse, C. baileyi [n 3] LC
- California pocket mouse, Cv californicus [n 3] LC
- Nelson's pocket mouse, C. nelsoni [n 3] LC
- Chihuahuan pocket mouse, C. eremicus [n 1] LC
- San Diego pocket mouse, C. fallax [n 3] LC
- Long-tailed pocket mouse, C. formosus [n 3] LC
- Hispid pocket mouse, C. hispidus [n 3] LC
- Rock pocket mouse, C. intermedius [n 3] LC
- Desert pocket mouse, C. penicillatus [n 3] LC
- Baja pocket mouse, C. rudinoris [n 8] LC
- Spiny pocket mouse, C. spinatus [n 3] LC
- White-eared pocket mouse, P. alticola [n 3] EN
- Arizona pocket mouse, P. amplus [n 3] LC
- Olive-backed pocket mouse, P. fasciatus [n 3] LC
- Plains pocket mouse, P. flavescens [n 5] LC
- Silky pocket mouse, P. flavus [n 3] LC
- San Joaquin pocket mouse, P. inornatus [n 3] LC
- Little pocket mouse, P. longimembris [n 3] LC
(Pacific pocket mouse, P. l. pacificus: E) - Merriam's pocket mouse, P. merriami [n 3] LC
- Columbia Plateau pocket mouse, P. parvus [n 5] LC
- Subfamily: Dipodomyinae
- Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
- Subfamily: Zapodinae
- Woodland jumping mouse, N. insignis [n 3] LC
- Meadow jumping mouse, Z. hudsonius [n 3] LC
(Preble's meadow jumping mouse, Z. h. preblei: T) - Western jumping mouse, Z. princeps [n 3] LC
- Pacific jumping mouse, Z. trinotatus [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Zapodinae
- Family: Cricetidae
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- White-footed vole, A. albipes [n 3] LC
- Red tree vole, A. longicaudus [n 3] NT
- California red tree mouse, A. pomo [n 1] NT
- Western red-backed vole, C. californicus [n 3] LC
- Southern red-backed vole, C. gapperi [n 5] LC
- Northern red-backed vole, C. rutilus [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- Northern collared lemming, D. groenlandicus [n 9] (Alaska only) LC
- Nelson's collared lemming, D. nelsoni [n 10] (Alaska only) LC
- Unalaska collared lemming, D. unalascensis [n 11] (Alaska only) DD
- Sagebrush vole, L. curtatus [n 3] LC
- North American brown lemming, Lemmus trimucronatus [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- Insular vole, M. abbreviatus [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- California vole, M. californicus [n 3] LC (ssp. scirpen: E)
- Gray-tailed vole, M. canicaudus [n 1] LC
- Rock vole, M. chrotorrhinus [n 3] LC
- Western meadow vole, M. drummondii [8]
- Florida salt marsh vole, M. dukecampbelli [8] (M. p. dukecampbelli: E)
- Long-tailed vole, M. longicaudus [n 5] LC
- Mexican vole, M. mexicanus [n 12] LC
(including M. mogollonensis: LC, ssp. hualpaiensis: E)) and:- Mogollon vole, M. mogollonensis [n 12]
- Singing vole, M. miurus [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- Montane vole, M. montanus [n 3] LC
- Prairie vole, M. ochrogaster [n 3] LC
- Tundra vole, M. oeconomus [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- Creeping vole, M. oregoni [n 3] LC
- Eastern meadow vole, M. pennsylvanicus [n 3]LC (ssp. breweri: VU)
- Woodland vole, M. pinetorum [n 3] LC
- Water vole, M. richardsoni [n 3] LC
- Townsend's vole, M. townsendii [n 3] LC
- Taiga vole, M. xanthognathus [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- Round-tailed muskrat, N. alleni [n 3] LC
- Muskrat, O. zibethicus [n 3] LC
- Western heather vole, P. intermedius [n 3] LC
- Eastern heather vole, P. ungava [n 13] LC
- Northern bog lemming, S. borealis [n 3] LC
- Southern bog lemming, S. cooperi [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Neotominae
- Northern pygmy mouse, B. taylori [n 3] LC
- White-throated woodrat, N. albigula [n 3] LC
- Bryant's woodrat, N. bryanti [14] LC
- Bushy-tailed woodrat, N. cinerea [n 3] LC
- Arizona woodrat, N. devia [n 1] LC
- Eastern woodrat, N. floridana [n 3] LC (Key Largo woodrat, N. f. smalli: E)
- Dusky-footed woodrat, N. fuscipes [n 3] LC (ssp. riparia: E)
- Desert woodrat, N. lepida [n 3] {{IUCN status|LC|14589}
- White-toothed woodrat, Nv leucodon [n 8] LC
- Big-eared woodrat, N. macrotis [n 8] LC
- Allegheny woodrat, N. magister [n 1] NT
- Mexican woodrat, N. mexicana [n 3] LC
- Southern plains woodrat, N. micropus [n 3] LC
- Stephen's woodrat, N. stephensi [n 3] LC
- Golden mouse, O. nuttalli [n 3] LC
- Texas mouse, P. attwateri [n 1] LC
- Brush mouse, P. boylii [n 3] LC
- California mouse, P. californicus [n 3] LC
- Canyon mouse, P. crinitus [n 3] LC
- Cactus mouse, P. eremicus [n 3] LC
- Northern Baja deer mouse, P. fraterculus [n 8] LC
- Cotton mouse, P. gossypinus [n 3] LC (ssp. allapaticola: E)
- Gambel's deermouse, P. gambelii [8]NE
- Osgood's mouse, P. gratus [n 1] LC
- Northwestern deer mouse, P. keeni [n 3] LC
- southern white-ankled mouse, P. pectoralis [n 3] LC
- Southern deermouse, P. labecula [8]NE
- White-footed mouse, P. leucopus [n 3] LC
- Eastern deermouse, P. maniculatus [n 3] LC
- Black-eared mouse, P. melanotis [n 11] LC
- Mesquite mouse, P. merriami [n 3] LC
- Northern rock mouse, P. nasutus [n 1][n 14] LC
- Oldfield mouse, P. polionotus [n 3] LC (, P. p. allophrys, Perdido Key beach mouse, P. p. trissyllepsis, , P. p. peninsularis, Alabama beach mouse, P. p. ammobates and Anastasia Island beach mouse, P. p. phasma: E, , P. p. niveiventris: T)
- Western deermouse, P. sonoriensis [8]NE
- Pinyon mouse, P. truei [n 3] LC
- Florida mouse, P. floridanus [n 3] VU
- Fulvous harvest mouse, R. fulvescens [n 3] LC
- Eastern harvest mouse, R. humulis [n 3] LC
- Western harvest mouse, R. megalotis [n 3] LC
- Plains harvest mouse, R. montanus [n 3] LC
- Salt marsh harvest mouse, R. raviventris [n 3] EN E
- Subfamily: Sigmodontinae
- Chihuahuan grasshopper mouse, O. arenicola [n 1] LC
- Northern grasshopper mouse, O. leucogaster [n 3] LC
- Southern grasshopper mouse, O. torridus [n 3] LC
- Coues' rice rat, O. couesi [n 1] LC
- Common marsh rice rat, O. palustris [n 3][n 15] LC (ssp. natator: E)
- Arizona cotton rat, S. arizonae [n 1] LC
- Tawny-bellied cotton rat, S. fulviventer [n 3] LC
- Hispid cotton rat, S. hispidus [n 3] LC
- Yellow-nosed cotton rat, S. ochrognathus [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Arvicolinae
- Family: Aplodontiidae (mountain beaver)
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)[]
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
- Family: Ochotonidae (pikas)
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Pygmy rabbit, B. idahoensis [n 3] LC E
- Antelope jackrabbit, L. alleni [n 3] LC
- Snowshoe hare, L. americanus [n 3] LC
- Black-tailed jackrabbit, L. californicus [n 3] LC
- White-sided jackrabbit, L. callotis [n 1] NT
- Alaskan hare, L. othus [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- White-tailed jackrabbit, L. townsendii [n 3] LC
- Swamp rabbit, S. aquaticus [n 3] LC
- Desert cottontail, S. audubonii [n 3] LC
- Brush rabbit, S. bachmani [n 3] LC (ssp. riparius: E)
- Eastern cottontail, S. floridanus [n 3] LC
- Robust cottontail, S. holzneri [n 13] VU
- Mountain cottontail, S. nuttallii [n 3] LC
- Appalachian cottontail, S. obscurus [n 1] NT
- Marsh rabbit, S. palustris [n 3] LC (Lower Keys marsh rabbit, S. p. hefneri: E)
- New England cottontail, S. transitionalis [n 3] VU
Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, moles, and solenodons)[]
Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
- Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Tribe:
- Northern short-tailed shrew, B. brevicauda [n 3] LC
- Southern short-tailed shrew, B. carolinensis [n 1] LC and:
- Elliot's short-tailed shrew, B. hylophaga [n 1] LC
- North American least shrew, C. parva [n 3] LC and:
- , C. berlandieri [8]
- Tribe: Notiosoricini
- Cockrum's gray shrew, N. cockrumi [n 8] LC
- Crawford's gray shrew, N. crawfordi [n 3] LC and:
- , N. tataticuli [8]
- Tribe: Soricini
- Glacier Bay water shrew, S. alaskanus [6] (Alaska only) DD
- Arctic shrew, S. arcticus [n 3] LC
- Arizona shrew, S. arizonae [n 1] LC
- Baird's shrew, S. bairdi [n 1] LC
- Marsh shrew, S. bendirii [n 3] LC
- Cinereus shrew, S. cinereus [n 3] LC and:
- Long-tailed shrew, S. dispar [n 16] LC and:
- Gaspé shrew, S. gaspensis [n 17]
- Smoky shrew, S. fumeus [n 3] LC
- Prairie shrew, S. haydeni [n 1] LC
- American pygmy shrew, S. hoyi [n 3] LC and:
- , S. eximius [8]
- Pribilof Island shrew, S. pribilofensis [n 5] (Alaska only) EN
- Saint Lawrence Island shrew, Sorex jacksoni [n 13] (Alaska only) LC
- Southeastern shrew, S. longirostris [n 3] LC
- Mount Lyell shrew, S. lyelli [n 3] LC
- Merriam's shrew, S. merriami [n 3] LC
- Southern montane shrew, S. monticolus [n 3] LC and:
- , S. obscurus [8]
- Dwarf shrew, S. nanus [n 3] LC
- New Mexico shrew, S. neomexicanus [n 8] DD
- Ornate shrew, S. ornatus [n 5] LC (ssp. relictus: E)
- Pacific shrew, S. pacificus [n 3] LC
- American water shrew, S. palustris [n 3] LC and:
- Preble's shrew, S. preblei [n 3] LC
- Olympic shrew, S. rohweri [n 13] LC (formerly in Sorex cinereus)
- Fog shrew, S. sonomae [n 1] LC
- Inyo shrew, S. tenellus [n 3] LC
- Trowbridge's shrew, S. trowbridgii [n 3] LC
- Tundra shrew, S. tundrensis [n 1] (Alaska only) LC
- Barren ground shrew, S. ugyunak [n 1] (Alaska only) LC
- Vagrant shrew, S. vagrans [n 5] LC
- Alaska tiny shrew, S. yukonicus [n 11] (Alaska only) LC
- Tribe:
- Subfamily: Soricinae
- Family: Talpidae (moles)
- Subfamily: Scalopinae
- Subfamily: Talpinae
- Tribe: Neurotrichini
- Shrew-mole, N. gibbsii [n 3] LC
- Tribe: Neurotrichini
Order: Chiroptera (bats)[]
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
- Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Silver-haired bat, L. noctivagans [n 3] LC
- Southwestern myotis, M. auriculus [n 1] [n 18] LC
- Southeastern myotis, M. austroriparius [n 3] LC
- California myotis, M. californicus [n 3] LC
- Western small-footed myotis, M. ciliolabrum [n 1] LC
- Long-eared myotis, M. evotis [n 3] LC
- Gray bat, M. grisescens [n 3] NT E
- Keen's myotis, M. keenii [n 3] LC
- Eastern small-footed myotis, M. leibii [n 3] LC
- Little brown bat, M. lucifugus [n 3] LC
- Dark-nosed small-footed myotis, M. melanorhinus [n 8] LC
- Arizona myotis, M. occultus [n 19] LC
- Northern long-eared myotis, M. septentrionalis [n 1] LC
- Indiana bat, M. sodalis [n 3] EN E
- Fringed myotis, M. thysanodes [n 3] LC
- Cave myotis, M. velifer [n 3] LC
- Long-legged myotis, M. volans [n 3] LC
- Yuma myotis, M. yumanensis [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
- Pallid bat, A. pallidus [n 3] LC
- Big brown bat, E. fuscus [n 3] LC
- Spotted bat, E. maculatum [n 3] LC
- Allen's big-eared bat, I. phyllotis [n 3] LC
- Eastern red bat, L. borealis [n 20] LC
- Hoary bat, L. cinereus [n 3] LC (Hawaiian hoary bat, L. c. semotus: E)
- Southern yellow bat, L. ega [n 20] LC
- Desert red bat, L. frantzii [8] - split from southern red bat, Lasiurus blossevillii LC
- Northern yellow bat, L. intermedius [n 3] LC
- Seminole bat, L. seminolus [n 3] LC
- Western yellow bat, L. xanthinus [n 1] LC
- Evening bat, N. humeralis [n 3] LC
- Western pipistrelle, P. hesperus [n 3] LC
- Eastern pipistrelle, P. subflavus [n 3] LC
- Rafinesque's big-eared bat, P. rafinesquii [n 3] LC
- Townsend's big-eared bat, P. townsendii [n 3] LC
(ssp. virginianus and ingens: E)
- Subfamily: Myotinae
- Family: Molossidae
- Wagner's bonneted bat, E. glaucinus [n 3] LC
- Florida bonneted bat, E. floridanus [6] CR E (formerly in Eumops glaucinus)
- Western mastiff bat, E. perotis [n 3] LC
- Underwood's bonneted bat, E. underwoodi [n 3] LC
- Velvety free-tailed bat, M. molossus [n 21] LC
- Pocketed free-tailed bat, N. femorosaccus [n 3] LC
- Big free-tailed bat, N. macrotis [n 3] LC
- Mexican free-tailed bat, T. brasiliensis [n 3] LC
- Family: Mormoopidae
- Ghost-faced bat, M. megalophylla [n 3] LC
- Family: Phyllostomidae
- Subfamily: Phyllostominae
- California leaf-nosed bat, M. californicus [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Glossophaginae
- Mexican long-tongued bat, C. mexicana [n 3] NT
- Lesser long-nosed bat, L. yerbabuenae [n 3] VU (Leptonycteris curasoae yerbabuenae: E)
- Greater long-nosed bat, L. nivalis [n 22] EN E
- Subfamily: Stenodermatinae
- Velvety fruit-eating bat, E. hartii [n 11] LC
- Subfamily: Desmodontinae
- Hairy-legged vampire bat, D. ecaudata [n 3] LC
- Subfamily: Phyllostominae
Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)[]
There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
- Suborder: Feliformia
- Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs)
- Coyote, C. latrans [n 3] LC
- Gray wolf, C. lupus [n 3] LC E (and XN)
- Arctic wolf, C. l. arctos [n 3] (Alaska only) LC E (and XN)
- Red wolf, C. l. rufus [n 24] CR E (and XN)
- Eastern wolf, C. l. lycaon NE
- Gray fox, U. cinereoargenteus [n 3] LC
- Island fox, U. littoralis [n 1] NT
(ssp. littoralis, catalinae, santarosae and santacruzae: E) - Arctic fox, V. lagopus [n 3] (Alaska only) LC
- Kit fox, V. macrotis [n 3] LC (ssp. mutica: E)
- Swift fox, V. velox [n 3] LC (ssp. hebes: E)
- Red fox, V. vulpes [n 25][n 26] LC
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
- American black bear, U. americanus [n 3] LC T(S/A)
(Louisiana black bear U. a. luteolus: T) - Brown bear, U. arctos [n 27] LC
(includes grizzly bear, Ursus arctos horribilis: T, XN,
Alaskan brown bear Ursus arctos middendorffi, also known as the Kodiak bear,
and Ursus arctos californicus†, the California grizzly bear EX) - Polar bear, U. maritimus [n 3] (Alaska only) VU T
- American black bear, U. americanus [n 3] LC T(S/A)
- Family: Procyonidae (raccoons)
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Sea otter, E. lutris [n 3] EN (ssp. nereis and kenyoni: T, ssp. nereis also XN)
- Wolverine, G. gulo [n 3][n 28] LC
- North American river otter, L. canadensis [n 3] LC
- American marten, M. americana [n 3] LC
- Pacific marten, M. caurina NE
- Beringian ermine or stoat, M. erminea [n 3] LC
- Haida ermine, M. haidarum NE (Alaska only)
- Black-footed ferret, M. nigripes [n 3] EN E (and XN)
- Least weasel, M. nivalis [n 3][n 29] LC
- American ermine, M. richardsonii NE
- Long-tailed weasel, N. frenata [n 3] LC
- Sea mink, †N. macrodon [n 11] (E) EX
- American mink, N. vison [n 3] LC
- Fisher, P. pennanti [n 3] LC
- American badger, T. taxus [n 3] LC
- Family: Otariidae (eared seals, sealions)
- Family: Mephitidae
- Family: Odobenidae
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
- Hooded seal, C. cristata [n 19] VU
- Bearded seal, E. barbatus [n 3] LC
- Gray seal, H. grypus [n 19] LC
- Ribbon seal, H. fasciata [n 3] (Alaska almost only) DD
- Northern elephant seal, M. angustirostris [n 3] LC
- Hawaiian monk seal, N. schauinslandi [n 11] (Hawaiian Islands only) CR E
- Caribbean monk seal, †N. tropicalis [n 32] (E) EX
- Harp seal, P. groenlandicus [n 33] LC
- Spotted seal, P. largha [n 1] (Alaska only) DD T
- Harbor seal, P. vitulina [n 3] LC
- Ringed seal, P. hispida [n 3] LC
- Family: Canidae (dogs)
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)[]
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
- Family: Tayassuidae (peccaries)
- Collared peccary, D. tajacu [n 3] LC
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Elk, C. canadensis LC
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
- Moose, A. alces LC
- Mule deer, O. hemionus [n 3] LC
- White-tailed deer, O. virginianus [n 3] LC (Columbian white-tailed deer, O. v. leucurus, and key deer, O. v. clavium: E)
- Caribou, R. tarandus (Alaska only) [n 34] VU
(includes migratory woodland caribou, R. t. caribou: E,
see also: barren-ground caribou, R. t. groenlandicus)
- Subfamily: Cervinae
- Family: Antilocapridae (pronghorn)
- Pronghorn, A. americana [n 3] LC (Sonoran pronghorn, A. a. sonoriensis: E)
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Subfamily: Bovinae
- American bison, B. bison [n 3] NT (wood bison, B. b. athabascae: T)
- Subfamily: Caprinae
- Subfamily: Bovinae
Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)[]
Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands.
- Family: Dugongidae
- Steller's sea cow, †H. gigas (Alaska only) [6] (E) EX
- Family: Trichechidae
- West Indian manatee, T. manatus [n 3] VU E
(Antillean or Caribbean manatee: EN, ssp. latirostris - Florida manatee: EN)
- West Indian manatee, T. manatus [n 3] VU E
Order: Cetacea (whales)[]
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
- Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae
- Family: Balaenopteridae
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Common minke whale, B. acutorostrata [n 20] LC
- Sei whale, B. borealis [n 20] EN E
- Bryde's whale, B. edeni [n 20] (A) DD
- Blue whale, B. musculus [n 20] EN E (ssp. brevicauda - pygmy blue whale: DD, ssp. musculus North Pacific stock: LR/cd)
- Fin whale, B. physalus [n 20] EN E
- Rice's whale, B. ricei [18] CR E
- Subfamily: Megapterinae
- Humpback whale, M. novaeangliae [n 20] LC E
- Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
- Family: Eschrichtiidae
- Gray whale, E. robustus [n 20] LC E
- Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
- Family: Monodontidae
- Family: Phocoenidae
- Harbour porpoise, P. phocoena [n 20] LC
- Dall's porpoise, P. dalli [n 20] LC
- Family: Physeteridae
- Sperm whale, P. macrocephalus [n 20] VU E
- Family: Kogiidae
- Family: Ziphiidae
- Subfamily: Ziphiinae
- Cuvier's beaked whale, Z. cavirostris [n 20] LC
- Subfamily: Berardiinae
- Baird's beaked whale, B. bairdii [n 20] DD (collective name for two species - Baird's beaked whale and Arnoux's beaked whale)
- Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
- Northern bottlenose whale, H. ampullatus [n 20] DD
- Tropical bottlenose whale, I. pacificus [19] (Hawaiian Islands only) DD
- Sowerby's beaked whale, M. bidens [n 20] DD
- Hubbs' beaked whale, M. carlhubbsi [n 20] DD
- Blainville's beaked whale, M. densirostris [n 20] DD
- Gervais' beaked whale, M. europaeus [n 20] DD
- Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale, M. ginkgodens [n 20] DD
- Hector's beaked whale, M. hectori [n 36] (A) DD
- True's beaked whale, M. mirus [n 20] DD
- Perrin's beaked whale, M. perrini [n 13] DD
- Pygmy beaked whale, M. peruvianus [n 37] (A) DD
- Stejneger's beaked whale, M. stejnegeri [n 20] DD
- Subfamily: Ziphiinae
- Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
- Long-beaked common dolphin, D. capensis DD
- Short-beaked common dolphin, D. delphis [n 20] LC
- Pygmy killer whale, F. attenuata [n 20][n 35] DD
- Short-finned pilot whale, G. macrorhynchus [n 3] DD
- Long-finned pilot whale, G. melas [n 20] DD
- Risso's dolphin, G. griseus [n 20] LC
- Fraser's dolphin, L. hosei [n 36] LC
- Atlantic white-sided dolphin, L. acutus [n 20] LC
- White-beaked dolphin, L. albirostris LC
- Northern right whale dolphin, L. borealis [n 20] LC
- Killer whale, O. orca [n 20] DD E
- Melon-headed whale, P. electra LC
- False killer whale, P. crassidens [n 20] DD
- Pantropical spotted dolphin, S. attenuata [n 20] LC
- Clymene dolphin, S. clymene DD
- Striped dolphin, S. coeruleoalba [n 20] LC
- Atlantic spotted dolphin, S. frontalis DD
- Spinner dolphin, S. longirostris [n 20] DD
- Rough-toothed dolphin, S. bredanensis [n 20] LC
- Pacific white-sided dolphin, S. obliquidens [n 20] LC
- Common bottlenose dolphin, T. truncatus [n 20] LC
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
Introduced animals[]
- Family: Myocastoridae
- Coypu, M. coypus [n 38] (I) LC
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
- Mexican gray squirrel, S. aureogaster [n 36] (I) LC
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
- Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Family: Cebidae (capuchin and squirrel monkeys)
- Common squirrel monkey, S. sciureus [n 11] (I) LC
- Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
- Family: Herpestidae (mongoose)
- Small Indian mongoose [n 11] U. auropunctata (I) (Hawaiian Islands only) LC
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
- Beech marten, M. foina [6] (I) LC
- Family: Suidae (pigs)
- Wild boar, S. scrofa [n 42] (I) LC
- Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Subfamily: Bovinae
- Subfamily: Hippotraginae
- Gemsbok, O. gazella [n 48] (I) LC
- Subfamily: Caprinae
- Subfamily: Antilopinae
See also[]
- List of mammals of North America
- List of threatened mammals of the United States
- List of chordate orders
- Lists of mammals by region
- Mammal classification
Notes[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az
Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6] - ^ Virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - as opossum D. marsupialis (merged Mexican D. marsupialis and D. virginiana).
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6] - ^ Mexican fox squirrel, Sciurus nayaritensis: Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - only as Apache fox squirrel S. apache. - ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - described as the nominative species and 1 or 2 additional distinct species. - ^ Jump up to: a b Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[5] and IUCN Red List,[6] also probably North American Mammals NMNH SI[4] - Dipodomys elephantinus merged with D. venustus as D. venustus elephantinus.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Kays & Wilson 2002.[3]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ^ Northern collared lemming, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus: Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] - described separately as the nominative species but merged with D. exsul. - ^ Nelson's collared lemming, Dicrostonyx nelsoni: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] - mentioned only in the description of D. groenlandicus as possible split (D. exsul). - ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ^ Jump up to: a b Mexican vole, Microtus mexicanus:
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List[6] - M. mexicanus.
Kays & Wilson 2002[3] - only M. mogollonensis.
North American Mammals NMNH SI[4] - M. mexicanus listed, but only M. mexicanus mogollensis (Arizona and New Mexico) described in "Mexican Vole (Microtus mexicanus)" chapter.
IUCN Red List[6] - M. mexicanus sometimes split in two species: M. mexicanus and M. mogollonensis.[11][12]
12 subspecies are recognized, 4 occur in the USA (1991[13]), Hualapai Mexican vole M. m. hualpaiensis is listed as endangered (E) under the Endangered Species Act.[2][13] - ^ Jump up to: a b c d e North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ^ Northern rock mouse, Peromyscus nasutus: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - mentioned only in the description of Zacatecan deer mouse, Peromyscus difficilis, that P. difficilis was formerly known as P. nasuts, so range is not clear because these species are merged here.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - described separately as the nominative species but probably merged with another species.
- ^ Long-tailed Shrew Sorex dispar: IUCN Red List.[6]
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] North American Mammals NMNH SI[4] - as 2 distinct species: longtail/long-tailed shrew S. dispar and Gaspé shrew S. gaspensis. - ^ Gaspé shrew Sorex gaspensis: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] North American Mammals NMNH SI[4]
- ^ Southwestern myotis, Myotis auriculus: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - mentioned only in the description of long-eared myotis, M. evotis, as possible split, occurring in southern N. Mexico.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ^ Velvety Free-tailed Bat: North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Kays & Wilson 2002[3] - it is believed that colonies found in buildings in the Florida Keys were members of Molossidae. - ^ Lesser long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris yerbabuenae: Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - mentioned only in the description of L. nivalis under the junior synonym[17] L. sanborni as possible split, so range is not clear here. - ^ Margay: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3).[5]
Kays & Wilson 2002:[3] last record in Texas from 1852.[3] - ^ Jump up to: a b Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ^ Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3).[5]
- ^ Red fox, Vulpes vulpes: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - as North American V. fulva distinct from the Old World species V. vulpes.
- ^ Brown bear, Ursus arctos: Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - as 2 distinct species: grizzly bear, U. horribilis and Kodiak bear, U. middendorffi, also distinct from the "worldwide" species U. arctos. - ^ Wolverine, Gulo gulo: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - as North American G. luscus distinct from the Old World species G. gulo.
- ^ Least weasel, Mustela nivalis: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - as North American M. rixosa distinct from the Old World species M. nivalis.
- ^ Guadalupe fur seal, Arctocephalus townsendi: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - as Guadalupe fur seal A. philippi, formerly A. townsendi.
- ^ American hog-nosed skunk, Conepatus leuconotus: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Kays & Wilson 2002[3] - as 2 distinct species: eastern hog-nosed skunk C. leuconotus and western hog-nosed skunk C. mesoleucus. - ^ Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ^ Jump up to: a b Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ^ Caribou, Rangifer tarandus: Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] North American Mammals NMNH SI,[4] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - as 3 distinct species: woodland caribou, R. caribou, barren-ground caribou, R. arcticus and Greenland caribou R. tarandus. - ^ Jump up to: a b c Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - only general range description.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ^ pygmy beaked whale: Kays & Wilson 2002:[3] one record in North America, Division of Mammals Collections NMNH SI:[20] two strandings in California (2001 and 2012).
- ^ Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ^ House Mouse: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide),[7] Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] IUCN Red List.[6]
Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[5] - only general range description. - ^ Polynesian rat[21][22]
- ^ European Rabbit: & Wilson 2002[3] - range not clear (islands on Pacific Coast).
Introduced to Hawaii.[23] - ^ Sus scrofa: Burt & Grossenheider 1976 (Peterson Field Guide)[7] - Wild Boar (Swine), Kays & Wilson 2002[3] - Wild Boar, Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[5] - Wild boar - feral populations, IUCN Red List[6] - Wild boar - introduced (USA), Baker et al. 2003[25] (North America north of Mexico) - feral pig or wild boar.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Kays & Wilson 2002,[3] Mammal Species of the World (MSW3),[5] IUCN Red List.[6]
- ^ Chital - free-ranging.[26]
- ^ Red deer, elaphus division (not canadensis division) - introduced i.e. to USA.[5]
- ^ Sambar - free ranging.[28]
- ^ Nilgai - semi-free-ranging[26]/free-ranging.[28]
- ^ Gemsbok - free ranging.[29][30]
- ^ Barbary Sheep - free ranging.[28][26]
- ^ Bezoar ibex - free-ranging: Florida Mountains near Deming New Mexico.[30]
- ^ European mouflon: Mammal Species of the World (MSW3)[5] - Red sheep Ovis aries - Mouflon introduced, improved domestic stock feral (USA), Baker et al. 2003[25] (North America north of Mexico) - European mouflon sheep Ovis aries.
Feral sheep - free-ranging - Hawaii[32] and Texas.[33] - ^ Blackbuck - free ranging.[28][26][30][34]
- Species listed in Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition (MSW3) as occurring in the USA, but omitted in this article: Pteronotus pristinus - possibly Florida.
References[]
- ^ Jump up to: a b "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries, § 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife". US Government Printing Office. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Kays, Roland W.; Wilson, Don E. (2002). Mammals of North America. Illustrated by Sandra Doyle, Nancy Halliday, Ron Klingner, Elizabeth McClelland, Consie Powell, Wendy Smith, Todd Zalewski, Diane Gibbons, Susan C. Morse, Jesse Guertin. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-07012-1.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "North American Mammals". Smithsonian Institution. National Museum of Natural History. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
This site is based on The Smithsonian Book of North American Mammals, by Don E. Wilson and Sue Ruff (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1999) and Mammals of North America, by Roland W. Kays and Don E. Wilson (Princeton University Press, 2002).
Downloaded on March 25, 2014 - ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab * Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag "Search Results: Mammalia USA 2014-03-29". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. IUCN. 2013. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
Search terms Search by taxonomy: MAMMALIA, Search by location: United States, (Native, Introduced, Vagrant, Uncertain), Refinements : [X] Show regional assessments:, Taxa to show: Species, Subspecies and varieties, Stocks and subpopulation). Downloaded on 29 March 2014
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Burt, William Henry (Text and Maps); Grossenheider, Richard Philip (Illustrations) (1976). A Field Guide to the Mammals. North America north of Mexico. Peterson Field Guides (Third ed.). Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-91098-6.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Mammal Diversity Database. (2020). Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.2) [Data set]. Zenodo". 2020. doi:10.5281/zenodo.4139818. Retrieved December 2, 2020.
- ^ Yensen, E. 2019. Urocitellus mollis . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T116989381A116989399. Downloaded on 12 December 2019.
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Keywords: Mesoplodon peruvianus: STR 13453 Stranding, Skull, Salinas State Beach, Monterey Bay, California, 2001, STR 18334: Stranding, Photograph, Arcata, Humboldt County, California, 2012
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Further reading[]
- Kays, Roland W.; Wilson, Don E. (2002). Mammals of North America. Illustrated by Sandra Doyle, Nancy Halliday, Ron Klingner, Elizabeth McClelland, Consie Powell, Wendy Smith, Todd Zalewski, Diane Gibbons, Susan C. Morse, Jesse Guertin. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-07012-1.
- Burt, William Henry (Text and Maps); Grossenheider, Richard Philip (Illustrations) (1976). A Field Guide to the Mammals. North America north of Mexico. Peterson Field Guides (Third ed.). Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-91098-6.
- Robert J. Baker; Lisa C. Bradley; Robert D. Bradley; Jerry W. Dragoo; Mark D. Engstrom; Robert S. Hoffmann; Cheri A. Jones; Fiona Reid; Dale W. Rice; Clyde Jones (December 1, 2003). "Revised checklist of North American mammals north of Mexico, 2003" (PDF). Occasional Papers. Museum of Texas Tech University (229). ISSN 0149-175X. Retrieved March 9, 2014.
External links[]
- American Society of Mammalogists
- Databases: Division of Mammals: Department of Vertebrate Zoology: NMNH - i.e. printable Field Guide to mammals of North America
- Search the Division of Mammals Collections - National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
- Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition (MSW3) - database of mammalian taxonomy
- IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Search results: mammalia, USA, 2014-03-29)
- Endangered Species Program - US Fish & Wildlife Service
- Species Search - US Fish & Wildlife Service
- Endangered Species Act - National Marine Fisheries Service - NOAA
- List of Endangered and threatened wildlife - US Government Printing Office
- Lists of mammals by location
- Lists of animals of the United States
- Mammals of the United States
- Lists of mammals of North America