List of monarchs of Korea

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Monarchs of Korea
King Sejong-crop.JPG
Sejong the Great, 4th ruler of Joseon
Details
First monarchDangun (legendary)
Last monarchSunjong
Formation2333 BC (legendary)
AbolitionAugust 29, 1910
ResidenceVaries according to dynasty, most recently the Changdeokgung in Seoul
Part of a series on the
History of Korea
Bulguksa temple, Gyeongju
Prehistoric period
Ancient period
Gojoseon 2333 BCE (?)–108 BCE
Jin
Proto–Three Kingdoms period
Three Kingdoms period
Goguryeo 37 BCE–668 CE
Baekje 18 BCE–660 CE
Silla 57 BCE–935 CE
Gaya confederacy 42–562
Northern and Southern States period
United Silla (Unified Silla) 668–935
Balhae 698–926
Later Three Kingdoms period
Later Baekje 892–936
Taebong (Later Goguryeo) 901–918
Unified Silla (Later Silla) 668–935
Dynastic period
Goryeo 918–1392
Joseon 1392–1897
Korean Empire 1897–1910
Colonial period
Japanese rule 1910–1945
Provisional Government 1919–1948
Modern period
Military governments 1945–1948
North-South division 1945-present
* North 1948–present
* South 1948–present
Topics
Timeline
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This is a list of monarchs of Korea, arranged by dynasty. Names are romanized according to the South Korean Revised Romanization of Korean. McCune-Reischauer romanizations may be found at the articles about the individual monarchs.

Gojoseon[]

Gojoseon (2333 BCE – 108 BCE) was the first Korean kingdom. According to legend, it was founded by Dangun in 2333 BCE.[1]

Bronze Age archaeological evidence of Gojoseon culture is found in northern Korea and Liaoning. By the 9th to 4th century BCE, various historical and archaeological evidence shows Gojoseon was a flourishing state and a self-declared kingdom.

Both Dangun and Gija are believed to be mythological figures.[2]

Earliest mythological rulers[]

Dangun Joseon[]

# Portrait Name Period of reign
Westernized Hangul/Hanja
1 Portrait of Dangun.jpg Dangun Wanggeom 단군왕검
檀君王儉 		2333–? BCE

Gija Joseon[]

# Portrait Westernized Hanja/Hangul Period of reign
1 Ping Sien Si - 072 Ji Zi (16137921534).jpg Gija 기자
箕子		 1122(?)–? BCE
2 莊惠王（장혜왕） 1082BCE－1057BCE
3 敬孝王（경효왕） 1057BCE－1030BCE
4 恭貞王（공정왕） 1030BCE－1000BCE
5 文武王（문무왕） 1000BCE－972BCE
6 太原王（태원왕） 972BCE－968BCE
7 景昌王（경창왕） 968BCE－957BCE
8 興平王（흥평왕） 957BCE－943BCE
9 哲威王（철위왕） 943BCE－925BCE
10 宣惠王（선혜왕） 925BCE－896BCE
11 誼襄王（의양왕） 896BCE－843BCE
12 文惠王（문혜왕） 843BCE－793BCE
13 盛德王（성덕왕） 793BCE－778BCE
14 悼懷王（도회왕） 778BCE－776BCE
15 文烈王（문열왕） 776BCE－761BCE
16 昌国王（창국왕） 761BCE－748BCE
17 武成王（무성왕） 748BCE－722BCE
18 貞敬王（정경왕） 722BCE－703BCE
19 樂成王（낙성왕） 703BCE－675BCE
20 孝宗王（효종왕） 675BCE－658BCE
21 天老王（천효왕） 658BCE－634BCE
22 修道王（수도왕） 634BCE－615BCE
23 徽襄王（휘양왕） 615BCE－594BCE
24 奉日王（봉일왕） 594BCE－578BCE
25 德昌王（덕창왕） 578BCE－560BCE
26 寿聖王（수성왕） 560BCE－519BCE
27 英傑王（영걸왕） 519BCE－503BCE
28 逸民王（일민왕） 503BCE－486BCE
29 濟世王（제세왕） 486BCE－465BCE
30 清国王（청국왕） 465BCE－432BCE
31 導国王（도국왕） 432BCE－413BCE
32 赫聖王（혁성왕） 413BCE－385BCE
33 和羅王（화라왕） 385BCE－369BCE
34 說文王（설문왕） 369BCE－361BCE
35 慶順王（경순왕） 361BCE－342BCE
36 嘉德王（가덕왕） 342BCE－315BCE
37 三老王（삼효왕） 315BCE－290BCE
38 顯文王（현문왕） 290BCE－251BCE
39 章平王（장평왕） 251BCE－232BCE
40 King Bu 宗統王（종통왕） 232BCE－220BCE
41 King Jun 準王（준왕） 220BCE－195BCE

Wiman Joseon[]

# Name Period of reign
Westernized Hangul/Hanja
1 Wi Man 위만 衛滿 194–? BCE
2 Unknown (Son of Wi Man) Unknown ?–?
3 King Ugeo 우거왕
右渠王 		?–108 BCE

Buyeo[]

Buyeo (c. 2nd century BC – 494 CE) ruled in modern-day Northeast China. Although records are sparse and contradictory, it is speculated that in the 1st century BCE, Dongbuyeo (Eastern Buyeo) branched out, after which the original Buyeo is sometimes referred to as Bukbuyeo (Northern Buyeo). Its remnants were absorbed by the neighboring and brotherhood kingdom of Goguryeo in 494.

Early Eastern Buyeo[]

# Personal names Period of reign
Westernized Hangul/Hanhan
1 Hae Buru 해부루 (解夫婁) ?–? BCE
2 Hae Geumwa 해금와 (解金蛙) ?–? BCE
3 Hae Daeso 해대소 (解臺素) ? BCE – 22 CE

Galsa Buyeo[]

# Name Period of reign
Westernized Hangul/Hanja
1 Founder of Galsa 갈사왕 (曷思王) 21 CE–?
? 해도두 (解都頭) ?–68 CE

Later Northern Buyeo[]

Name Period of reign
Westernized Hangul/Hanja
부태왕 (夫台王) ?–?, 2nd century
···
···
···
위구태왕 (慰仇太王) ?–?, 2nd century
간위거왕 (簡位居王) ?–?, 3rd century
마려왕 (麻余王) ?–?, 3rd century
···
···
···
의려왕 (依慮王) ?–285 CE
의라왕 (依羅王) 286 CE–?
···
···
···
현왕 (玄王) ?–346 CE
여울왕 (餘蔚王) ?–384 CE
···
···
···
Jan 잔 (孱) ?–494 CE

Mahan confederacy[]

Mahan confederacy (1st century BC to 5th century AD) was an ancient Korean kingdom. According to the Samguk yusa, it was established after the fall of Gojoseon by its last king Jun in the southeastern part of the Korean peninsula.

List[]

# Westernized Hanja/Hangul Period of reign
1 King Jun 箕準（기준） 220BCE－193BCE
2 King Gang 康王（강왕） 193BCE－189BCE
3 King An 箕龕（기감） 189BCE－157BCE
4 King Hye 箕寔（기식） 157BCE－144BCE
5 King Myung 箕武（기무） 144BCE－113BCE
6 King Hyo 箕亨（기형） 113BCE－73BCE
7 King Yang 箕燮（기섭） 73BCE－58BCE
8 King Won 箕勳（기훈） 58BCE－33BCE
9 King Gye 箕貞（기정） 33BCE－17BCE

Goguryeo[]

Goguryeo (37 BC – 668 AD) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Goguryeo rulers may have used the title of Taewang (太王, "Greatest King"). [1]

List[]

# Portrait Personal names[3][4] Period of reign Posthumous name[5]
Westernized Hangul/Hanja Westernized Hangul/Hanja
1 Go Jumong
Go Chumo
Go Sanghae 		고주몽 (高朱蒙)
고추모 (高鄒牟)
고상해 (高象解) 		37–19 BCE Dongmyeongseong of Goguryeo 동명성왕 (東明聖王) [6]
2 Hae Yuri
Hae Yuryu
Hae Nuri 		해유리 (解琉璃)
해유류 (解孺留)
해누리 (解類利) 		19 BCE – 18 CE Yuri
Yurimyeong		 유리왕 (琉璃王)
유리명왕 (琉璃明王) [6]
3 Hae Muhyul 해무휼 (解無恤) 18–44 Daemusin
Daehaejuryu		 대무신왕 (大武神王)
대해주류왕 (大解朱留王)
4 Hae Saekju 해색주 (解色朱) 44–48 Minjung 민중왕 (閔中王)
5 Hae U
Hae Aeru
Hae Mangnae 		해우 (解憂)
해애루 (解愛婁)
해막래 (解莫來) 		48–53 Mobon 모본왕 (慕本王)
6 Go Gung
Go Eosu 		고궁 (高宮)
고어수 (高於漱) 		53–146 Taejo
Gukjo		 태조[대]왕 (太祖[大]王)
국조왕 (國祖王)
7 Go Suseong 고수성 (高遂成) 146–165 Chadae 차대왕 (次大王)
8 Go Baekgo
Go Baekgu 		고백고 (高伯固)
고백구 (高伯句) 		165–179 Sindae 신대왕 (新大王)
9 Go Nam-mu 고남무 (高男武) 179–197 Gogukcheon
Gukyang		 고국천왕 (故國川王)
국양왕 (國襄王)
10 Go Yeon-u
Go Iimo 		고연우 (高延優)
고이이모 (高伊夷謨) 		197–227 Sansang 산상왕 (山上王)
11 Go Uwigeo
Go Wigung
Go Gyoche 		고우위거 (高憂位居)
고위궁 (高位宮)
고교체 (高郊彘) 		227–248 Dongcheon
Dongyang		 동천왕 (東川王)
동양왕 (東襄王)
12 Go Yeonbul 고연불 (高然弗) 248–270 Jungcheon
Jungyang		 중천왕 (中川王)
중양왕 (中襄王)
13 Go Yangno
Go Yagu 		고약로 (高藥盧)
고약우 (高若友) 		270–292 Seocheon
Seoyang		 서천왕 (西川王)
서양왕 (西襄王)
14 Go Sangbu
Go Sapsiru 		고상부 (高相夫)
고삽시루 (高歃矢婁) 		292–300 Bongsang
Chigal		 봉상왕 (烽上王)
치갈왕 (雉葛王)
15 Go Eulbul
Go Ubul 		고을불 (高乙弗)
고우불 (高憂弗) 		300–331 Micheon
Hoyang		 미천왕 (美川王)
호양왕 (好壤王)
16 Go Sayu
Go Yu
Go Soe 		고사유 (高斯由)
고유 (高劉)
고쇠 (高釗) 		331–371 Gogugwon 고국원왕 (故國原王)
17 Go Gubu 고구부 (高丘夫) 371–384 Sosurim 소수림왕 (小獸林王)
18 Go Yiryeon
Go Eojiji 		고이련 (高伊連)
고어지지 (高於只支) 		384–391 Gogugyang 고국양왕 (故國壤王)
19 Go Damdeok 고담덕 (高談德) 391–413 Gwanggaeto the Great 광개토왕 (廣開土王)
20 Go Georyeon
Go Yeon 		고거련 (高巨連)
고연 (高璉) 		413–491 Jangsu 장수왕 (長壽王)
21 Go Na-un
Go Un 		고나운 (高羅雲)
고운 (高雲) 		491–519 Munjamyeong 문자명왕 (文咨明王)
22 Go Heung-an
Go An 		고흥안 (高興安)
고안 (高安) 		519–531 Anjang 안장왕 (安藏王)
23 Go Boyeon
Go Yeon 		고보연 (高寶延)
고연 (高延) 		531–545 Anwon 안원왕 (安原王)
24 Go Pyeongseong 고평성 (高平成) 545–559 Yangwon
Yanggang		 양원왕 (陽原王)
양강왕 (陽崗王)
25 Go Yangseong
Go Yang
Go Tang 		고양성 (高陽成)
고양 (高陽)
고탕 (高湯) 		559–590 Pyeongwon
Pyeonggang		 평원왕 (平原王)
평강왕(平岡王)
26 Go Won 고원 (高元) 590–618 Yeongyang
Pyeongyang		 영양왕 (嬰陽王)
평양왕 (平陽王)
27 Go Geonmu
Go Mu
Go Seong 		고건무 (高建武)
고무 (高武)
고성 (高成) 		618–642 Yeongnyu 영류왕 (榮留王)
28 Go Bojang
Go Jang 		고보장 (高寶藏)
고장 (高藏) 		642–668 None None

Notes: [1] Some of Goguryeo's own records of individual kings, especially of the 19th (Gwanggaeto), use the title "Taewang" or "Hotaewang", roughly meaning Greatest King or Very Greatest King. Some argue that the title should be translated as "Emperor," equivalent of the Chinese title 皇帝.

[2] The king names generally derive from the location of the king's burial, and do not necessarily correspond to the Chinese concept of 諡號.

[3] Goguryeo kings had the surname Go, except for the second (Yuri) through fifth (Mobon), whose surnames are recorded as Hae. All of the kings are recorded to belong to the same patrilineal bloodline. It is not clear whether the two surnames are different transcription of the same name, or evidence of a power struggle.

[4] The Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa, and sometimes other records mention "other names," "birth names," "childhood names," or "personal names."

[5] The Jolbon line names and dates are from the Samguk Sagi. The Wei shu (History of the Wei dynasty) gives the following names: 朱蒙 Jumong, 閭達 Yeodal, 始閭諧 Shiryeohae, 如栗 Yeoyul, and 莫來 Mangnae. The legendary line had already been formed with some variants in the early 5th century when king Jangsu built a monument for his father and Goguryeo made contact with the Northern Wei. The inscription of that monument gives these names: 鄒牟 Chumo, 儒留 Yuryu, and 大朱留 Daejuryu. The connections between those names are not clear.

Sources: The Academy of Korean Studies,[7] Korea Britannica Corp.[8] and the Doosan Encyclopedia.[9]

Family tree[]

Goguryeo monarchs' family tree
Dongmyeong
59-37-19
?
Yuri
38-19-18		BiryuOnjo of Baekje
36-18-28
?
Daemusin
4-18-44		Minjung
?-44-48		Go JaesaKingdom of
Baekje
Mobon
30-48-53		Taejodae
47-53
-146-165		Chadae
71-146-165		Sindae
89-165-179
Sansang
?-197-227		Gogukcheon
?-179-197
Dongcheon
209-227-248
Jungcheon
224-248-270
Seocheon
?-270-292
Bongsang
?-292-300		Go Dol-go
Micheon
?-300-331
Gogugwon
?-331-371
Sosurim
?-371-384		Gogugyang
?-384-391
Gwanggaeto
the Great
374-391-412
Jangsu
394-412-491
Go Joda
Munja
?-491-519
Anjang
?-519-531		Anwon
?-531-545
Yangwon
?-545-559
Pyeongwon
?-559-590
Yeongyang
?-590-618		Yeongnyu
?-618-642		Go Daeyang
Bojang
?-642-
668-682
Go Deokmu

Baekje[]

Baekje (18 BC – AD 660) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Temple names were the same as personal names, unless noted otherwise.

List[]

# Portrait Personal names Period of reign Posthumous name
Westernized Hangul/Hanja Westernized Hangul/Hanja
1 Buyeo Onjo 부여온조 (扶餘溫祚) 18 BCE – 28 CE Onjo 온조왕 (溫祚王)
2 Buyeo Daru 부여다루 (扶餘多婁) 28–77 Daru 다루왕 (多婁王)
3 Buyeo Giru 부여기루 (扶餘己婁) 77–128 Giru 기루왕 (己婁王)
4 Buyeo Gaeru 부여개루 (扶餘蓋婁) 128–166 Gaeru 개루왕 (蓋婁王)
5 Buyeo Chogo
Buyeo Sogo
Buyeo Sokgo 		부여초고 (扶餘肖古)
부여소고 (扶餘素古)
부여속고 (扶餘速古) 		166–214 Chogo
Sogo
Sokgo		 초고왕 (肖古王)
소고왕 (素古王)
속고왕 (速古王)
6 Buyeo Gusu
Buyeo Guisu 		부여구수 (扶餘仇首)
부여귀수 (扶餘貴須) 		214–234 Gusu
Guisu		 구수왕 (仇首王)
귀수왕 (貴須王)
7 Buyeo Saban
Buyeo Sabi
Buyeo Sai 		부여사반 (扶餘沙泮)
부여사비 (扶餘沙沸)
부여사이 (扶餘沙伊) 		234 Saban
Sabi
Sai		 사반왕 (沙泮王)
사비왕 (沙沸王)
사이왕 (沙伊王)
8 Buyeo Goi
Buyeo Gui
Buyeo Gomo 		부여고이 (扶餘古爾)
부여구이 (扶餘久爾)
부여고모 (扶餘古慕) 		234–286 Goi
Gui
Gomo		 고이왕 (古爾王)
구이왕 (久爾王)
고모왕 (古慕王)
9 Buyeo Chaekgye
Buyeo Cheonggye 		부여책계 (扶餘責稽)
부여청계 (扶餘靑稽) 		286–298 Chaekgye
Cheonggye		 책계왕 (責稽王)
청계왕 (靑稽王)
10 Buyeo Bunseo 부여분서 (扶餘汾西) 298–304 Bunseo 분서왕 (汾西王)
11 Buyeo Biryu 부여비류 (扶餘比流) 304–344 Biryu 비류왕 (比流王)
12 Buyeo Gye 부여계 (扶餘契) 344–346 Gye 계왕 (契王)
13 Buyeo Gu 부여구 (扶餘句) 346–375 Geunchogo
Chogo
Sokgo
Jogo		 근초고왕 (近肖古王)
초고왕 (肖古王)
속고왕 (速古王)
조고왕 (照古王)
14 Buyeo Su 부여수 (扶餘須) 375–384 Geun-gusu
Geun-guisu
Guisu
Guiryu
Guso		 근구수왕 (近仇首王)
근귀수왕 (近貴首王)
귀수왕 (貴首王)
귀류왕 (貴流王)
구소왕 (久素王)
15 Buyeo Chimnyu 부여침류 (扶餘枕流) 384–385 Chimnyu 침류왕 (枕流王)
16 Buyeo Jinsa
Buyeo Hwi 		부여진사 (扶餘辰斯)
부여휘 (扶餘暉) 		385–392 Jinsa 진사왕 (辰斯王)
17 Buyeo Asin
Buyeo Abang
Buyeo Ahwa
Buyeo Ami 		부여아신 (扶餘阿莘)
부여아방 (扶餘阿芳)
부여아화 (扶餘阿花)
부여아미 (扶餘阿美) 		392–405 Asin
Abang
Ahwa
Ami		 아신왕 (阿莘王)
아방왕 (阿芳王)
아화왕 (阿花王)
아미왕 (阿美王)
18 Buyeo Yeong
Buyeo Jeon 		부여영 (扶餘映)
부여전 (扶餘腆) 		405–420 Jeonji
Jikji
Jinji		 전지왕 (腆支王)
직지왕 (直支王)
진지왕 (眞支王)
19 Unknown Unknown 420–427 Gu-isin 구이신왕 (久爾辛王)
20 Buyeo Biyu
Buyeo Bi 		부여비유 (扶餘毗有)
부여비 (扶餘毗) 		427–455 Biyu
Piryu		 비유왕 (毗有王)
피류왕 (避流王)
21 Buyeo Gyeong
Buyeo Gyeongsa 		부여경 (扶餘慶)
부여경사 (扶餘慶司) 		455–475 Gaero
Geun-gaeru		 개로왕 (蓋鹵王)
근개루왕 (近蓋婁王)
22 Buyeo Do
Buyeo Modo 		부여도 (扶餘都)
부여모도 (扶餘牟都) 		475–477 Munju 문주왕 (文周王)
23 Buyeo Samgeun
Buyeo Samgeol
Buyeo Imgeol 		부여삼근 (扶餘三斤)
부여삼걸 (扶餘三乞)
부여임걸 (扶餘壬乞) 		477–479 Samgeun
Mun-geun		 삼근왕 (三斤王)
문근왕 (文斤王)
24 Buyeo Modae
Buyeo Dae
Buyeo Mamo
Buyeo Malda 		부여모대 (扶餘牟大)
부여대 (扶餘大)
부여마모 (扶餘摩牟)
부여말다 (扶餘末多) 		479–501 Dongseong
Malda		 동성왕 (東城王)
말다왕 (末多王)
25 Buyeo Sama
Buyeo Yung 		부여사마 (扶餘斯摩)
부여융 (扶餘隆) 		501–523 Muryeong
Sama		 무령왕 (武寧王)
사마왕 (斯摩王)
26 Buyeo Myeongnong
Buyeo Myeong 		부여명농 (扶餘明禯)
부여명 (扶餘明) 		523–554 Seong
Myeong
Seongmyeong		 성왕 (聖王)
명왕 (明王)
성명왕 (聖明王)
27 Buyeo Chang 부여창 (扶餘昌) 554–598 Wideok
Chang		 위덕왕 (威德王)
창왕 (昌王)
28 Buyeo Gye 부여계 (扶餘季) 598–599 Hye
Heon		 혜왕 (惠王)
헌왕 (獻王)
29 Buyeo Seon
Buyeo Hyosun 		부여선 (扶餘宣)
부여효순 (扶餘孝順) 		599–600 Beop 법왕 (法王)
30 Buyeo Jang
Buyeo Seodong 		부여장 (扶餘璋)
부여서동 (扶餘薯童) 		600–641 Mu
Mugang
Mugwang		 무왕 (武王)
무강왕 (武康王)
무광왕 (武廣王)
31 Buyeo Uija 부여의자 (扶餘義慈) 641–660 None None
(32) Buyeo Pung
Buyeo Pungjang 		부여풍 (扶餘豊)
부여풍장 (扶餘豊璋) 		660–663 None None

Family tree[]

Monarchs of Baekje family tree
Onjo
36-18-28
Daru
9-28-77
Giru
?-77-128
Gaeru
?-128-166
Goi
?-234-286		Chogo
?-166-214
Chaekgye
?-286-298		Gusu
?-214-234
Bunseo
?-298-304		Biryu
?-304-344		Saban
?-234-?
Gye
?-344-346		Geunchogo
?-346-375
Geungusu
?-375-384
Jinsa
?-385-392		Chimnyu
?-384-385
Asin
?-392-405
Jeonji
?-405-420
Guisin
404-420-427
Biyu
?-427-455
Gaero
?-455-475		Gonji
?-477
Munju
?-475-477		Dongseong
?-479-501
Samgeun
465-477-479		Muryeong
461-501-523
Seong
?-523-554
Hye
527-598-599		Wideok
525-554-598
Beop
?-599-600		Mu
580-600-641
Uija
599-641-660
Buyeo Yung
615-682		Buyeo Pung
?-660-663-?

Silla[]

See also: Silla monarchs family tree

Silla (57 BC – 935 CE) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. In the early years, Silla was ruled by the Pak, Seok, and Kim families. Rulers of Silla had various titles, including Isageum, Maripgan, and Daewang. Like some Baekje kings, some declared themselves emperor.

  1. Hyeokgeose Geoseogan 혁거세 거서간 赫居世居西干 (57 BCE – 4 CE)
  2. Namhae Chachaung 남해 차차웅 南解次次雄 (4–24)
  3. Yuri Isageum 유리이사금 儒理尼師今 (24–57) (Kings Yuri to Heurhae bore the Korean title Isageum, an old word for "ruler")
  4. Talhae Isageum 탈해이사금 脫解尼師今 (57–80)
  5. Pasa Isageum 파사이사금 婆娑尼師今 (80–112)
  6. Jima Isageum 지마이사금 祇摩尼師今 (112–134)
  7. Ilseong Isageum 일성이사금 逸聖尼師今 (134–154)
  8. Adalla Isageum 아달라이사금 阿達羅尼師今 (154–184)
  9. Beolhyu Isageum 벌휴이사금 伐休尼師今 (184–196)
  10. Naehae Isageum 내해이사금 奈解尼師今 (196–230)
  11. Jobun Isageum 조분이사금 助賁尼師今 (230–247)
  12. Cheomhae Isageum 첨해이사금 沾解尼師今 (247–261)
  13. Michu Isageum 미추이사금 味鄒尼師今 (262–284)
  14. Yurye Isageum 유례이사금 儒禮尼師今 (284–298)
  15. Girim Isageum 기림이사금 基臨尼師今 (298–310)
  16. Heulhae Isageum 흘해이사금 訖解尼師今 (310–356)
  17. Naemul Maripgan 내물마립간 奈勿麻立干 (356–402) (Kings Naemul to Soji bore the Korean title Maripgan, an old word for "ruler")
  18. Silseong Maripgan 실성마립간 實聖麻立干 (402–417)
  19. Nulji Maripgan 눌지마립간 訥祇麻立干 (417–458)
  20. Jabi Maripgan 자비마립간 慈悲麻立干 (458–479)
  21. Soji Maripgan 소지마립간 炤知麻立干 (479–500)
  22. King Jijeung 지증왕 智證王 (500–514) (Kings Jijeung to Gyeongsun bore the title Wang (the modern Korean word for "king"), with the exceptions noted below)
  23. King Beopheung 법흥왕 法興王 (514–540)
  24. King Jinheung 진흥왕 眞興王 (540–576)
  25. King Jinji 진지왕 眞智王 (576–579)
  26. King Jinpyeong 진평왕 眞平王 (579–632)
  27. Queen Seondeok 선덕여왕 善德王 (632–647)
  28. Queen Jindeok 진덕여왕 眞德王 (647–654)
  29. King Taejong Muyeol 태종무열왕 太宗武烈王 (654–661)

Unified Silla[]

  1. King Munmu 문무왕 文武王 (661–681)
  2. King Sinmun 신문왕 神文王 (681–692)
  3. King Hyoso 효소왕 孝昭王 (692–702)
  4. King Seongdeok 성덕왕 聖德王 (702–737)
  5. King Hyoseong 효성왕 孝成王 (737–742)
  6. King Gyeongdeok 경덕왕 景德王 (742–765)
  7. King Hyegong 혜공왕 惠恭王 (765–780)
  8. King Seondeok 선덕왕 宣德王 (780–785)
  9. King Wonseong 원성왕 元聖王 (785–798)
  10. King Soseong 소성왕 昭聖王 (798–800)
  11. King Aejang 애장왕 哀莊王 (800–809)
  12. King Heondeok 헌덕왕 憲德王 (809–826)
  13. King Heungdeok 흥덕왕 興德王 (826–836)
  14. King Huigang 희강왕 僖康王 (836–838)
  15. King Minae 민애왕 閔哀王 (838–839)
  16. King Sinmu 신무왕 神武王 (839)
  17. King Munseong 문성왕 文聖王 (839–857)
  18. King Heonan 헌안왕 憲安王 (857–861)
  19. King Gyeongmun 경문왕 景文王 (861–875)
  20. King Heongang 헌강왕 憲康王 (875–886)
  21. King Jeonggang 정강왕 定康王 (886–887)
  22. Queen Jinseong 진성여왕 眞聖王 (887–897)
  23. King Hyogong 효공왕 孝恭王 (897–912)
  24. King Sindeok 신덕왕 神德王 (912–917)
  25. King Gyeongmyeong 경명왕 景明王 (917–924)
  26. King Gyeongae 경애왕 景哀王 (924–927)
  27. King Gyeongsun 경순왕 敬順王 (927–935)

Gaya confederacy[]

The Gaya confederacy (42–562) consisted of several small statelets. All rulers of Gaya bore the title Wang ("King").

Geumgwan Gaya[]

Geumgwan Gaya (42–532) was one of the Gaya confederacy.

# Name Period of reign[10]
Westernized Hangul/Hanja
1 Suro 수로왕 (首露王) 42–199
2 Geodeung 거등왕 (居登王) 199–259
3 Mapum 마품왕 (麻品王) 259–291
4 Geojilmi 거질미왕 (居叱彌王) 291–346
5 Isipum 이시품왕 (伊尸品王) 346–407
6 Jwaji 좌지왕 (坐知王) 407–421
7 Chwihui 취희왕 (吹希王) 421–451
8 Jilji 질지왕 (銍知王) 451–492
9 Gyeomji 겸지왕 (鉗知王) 492–521
10 Guhyeong 구형왕 (仇衡王) 521–532

Daegaya[]

Daegaya (42–562) was one of the Gaya confederacy.

# Name Period of reign
Westernized Hangul/Hanja
1 이진아시왕 (伊珍阿豉王) 42 CE–?
···
···
···
···
3 or 4 금림왕 (錦林王) ?–?
···
···
···
···
Unknown 하지왕 (荷知王) ?–?
···
···
···
···
6 or 7 가실왕 (嘉悉王 or 嘉實王) ?–?
···
···
···
···
9 이뇌왕 (異腦王) ?–?
10 or 16

or
월광태자 (月光太子)
or
도설지왕 (道設智王)
?–562

Tamna[]

Tamna (2337 BCE–938) was an ancient Korean kingdom on Jeju Island.

# Name Period of reign
Westernized Hangul/Hanja
1 고을라왕 (高乙那王) 2337 BCE–2206 BCE
2 건왕 (建王) 2206 BCE–1767 BCE
3 삼계왕 (三繼王) 1767 BCE–1123 BCE
4 일망왕 (日望王) 1123 BCE–935 BCE
5 도제왕 (島濟王) 935 BCE–771 BCE
6 언경왕 (彦卿王) 771 BCE–619 BCE
7 보명왕 (寶明王) 610 BCE–520 BCE
8 행천왕 (幸天王) 520 BCE–426 BCE
9 환왕 (歡王) 426 BCE–315 BCE
10 식왕 (湜王) 315 BCE–247 BCE
11 욱왕 (煜王) 247 BCE–207 BCE
12 황왕 (惶王) 207 BCE–157 BCE
13 위왕 (偉王) 157 BCE–105 BCE
14 영왕 (榮王) 105 BCE–58 BCE
15 후왕 (厚王) 58 BCE–7 BCE
16 두명왕 (斗明王) 7 BCE–43
17 선주왕 (善主王) 43–93
18 지남왕 (知南王) 93–144
19 성방왕 (聖邦王) 144–195
20 문성왕 (文星王) 195–243
21 익왕 (翼王) 243–293
22 지효왕 (之孝王) 293–343
23 숙왕 (淑王) 343–393
24 현방왕 (賢方王) 393–423
25 기왕 (璣王) 423–453
26 담왕 (聃王) 453–483
27 지운왕 (指雲王) 483–508
28 서왕 (瑞王) 508–533
29 다명왕 (多鳴王) 533–558
30 담왕 (談王) 558–583
31 체삼왕 (體參王) 583–608
32 성진왕 (聲振王) 608–633
33 홍왕 (鴻王) 633–658
34 처량왕 (處良王) 658–683
35 원왕 (遠王) 683–708
36 표륜왕 (表倫王) 708–733
37 형왕 (逈王) 733–758
38 치도왕 (致道王) 758–783
39 욱왕 (勖王) 783–808
40 천원왕 (天元王) 808–833
41 호공왕 (好恭王) 833–858
42 소왕 (昭王) 858–883
43 경직왕 (敬直王) 883–908
44 민왕 (岷王) 908–933
45 자견왕 (自堅王) 933–938

Balhae[]

Balhae (698–926) was an ancient Korean kingdom established after the fall of Goguryeo. Balhae occupied southern parts of Northeast China, Primorsky Krai, and the northern part of the Korean peninsula.

List[]

# Personal name Period of reign Posthumous name (諡號) Era name (年號)
Westernized Hangul/Hanja Westernized Hangul/Hanja Westernized Hangul/Hanja
1 Dae Jo-yeong 대조영 (大祚榮) 698–719 Go 고왕 (高王) None None
2 Dae Mu-ye 대무예 (大武藝) 719–737 Mu 무왕 (武王) Inan 인안 (仁安)
3 Dae Heum-mu 대흠무 (大欽茂) 737–793 Mun 문왕 (文王) Daeheung
Boryeok 		대흥 (大興)
보력 (寶曆)
4 Dae Won-ui 대원의 (大元義) 793 None None None None
5 Dae Hwa-yeo 대화여 (大華璵) 793-794 Seong 성왕 (成王) Jungheung 중흥 (中興)
6 Dae Sung-rin 대숭린 (大嵩璘) 794–809 Gang 강왕 (康王) Jeongryeok 정력 (正曆)
7 Dae Won-yu 대원유 (大元瑜) 809–812 Jeong 정왕 (定王) Yeongdeok 영덕 (永德)
8 Dae Eon-ui 대언의 (大言義) 812–817? Hui 희왕 (僖王) Jujak 주작 (朱雀)
9 Dae Myeong-chung 대명충 (大明忠) 817?–818? Gan 간왕 (簡王) Taesi 태시 (太始)
10 Dae In-su 대인수 (大仁秀) 818?–830 Seon 선왕 (宣王) Geonheung 건흥 (建興)
11 Dae Ijin 대이진 (大彝震) 830–857 Unknown Unknown Hamhwa 함화 (咸和)
12 Dae Geonhwang 대건황 (大虔晃) 857–871 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
13 Dae Hyeonseok 대현석 (大玄錫) 871–895 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
14 Dae Wihae 대위해 (大瑋瑎) 895–906 None None Unknown Unknown
15 Dae Inseon 대인선 (大諲譔) 906–926 None None Unknown Unknown

Family tree[]

Balhae monarchs' family tree
Dae
Jungsang
?-698
Go
?-698-719		Dae Ya-bal
Mu
?-719-737		Dae Wongi
Mun
?-737-793		Dae Won-ui
?-793		Dae
Gwangdeog
Dae
Goeng-rim		Gang
?-794-809		Seon
?-818-830
Seong
?-793-794		Jeong
?-809-812		Hui
?-812-817		Gan
?-817-818		Dae Deog
Dae Ijin
?-830-857		Geonhwang
?-857-871
□
Hyeonseok
?-871-894
Dae Wihae
?-894-907
Dae Inseon
?-907-926

Later Baekje[]

Hubaekje (900–936) was founded by Gyeon Hwon, who was a general during Later Silla's period of decline. Thus began the Later Three Kingdoms period. Hubaekje met its downfall at the hands of Gyeon Hwon himself, who later led the Goryeo armies alongside Taejo of Goryeo to capture Singeom, the prince of Hubaekje, who had betrayed Gyeon Hwon.

# Personal name Period of reign
Westernized Hangul/Hanja
1 Gyeon Hwon 견훤 (甄萱) 900–935
2 Gyeon Singeom 견신검 (甄神劍) 935–936

Later Goguryeo[]

Later Goguryeo (901–918), also known as Ma-jin or Taebong, was established by Gung-ye, an outcast prince of Silla. Gung-Ye joined General 's rebellion, and rose through the ranks. He eventually assassinated Yang-Gil and established a new kingdom, naming it Later Goguryeo. Gung-Ye turned out to be a tyrant, and was overthrown by his generals, opening the way for General Wang Geon, who established Goryeo.

# Personal name Period of reign Era name (年號)
Westernized Hangul/Hanja Westernized Hangul/Hanja
1 Gung-ye 궁예 (弓裔) 901–918 Mutae
Seongchaek
Sudeok-Manse
Jeong-gae 		무태 (武泰)
성책 (聖冊)
수덕만세 (水德萬歲)
정개 (政開)

Goryeo dynasty[]

See also: The family tree of the Goryeo monarchs

Goryeo (918–1392) was ruled by the Wang Dynasty. The first ruler had the temple name Taejo, which means "great progenitor", and was applied to the first kings of both Goryeo and Joseon, as they were also the founders of the Wang and Yi Dynasties respectively. Starting with Gwangjong, rulers of Goryeo styled themselves emperors, with the first three rulers elevated to that title posthumously. With the Mongol conquest, however, the title of the ruler was demoted to a king, or "Wang."

The next twenty-three kings (until Wonjong) are also referred to by their temple names, ending in jong. Beginning with Chungnyeol (the twenty-fifth king), all the remaining kings of Goryeo had the title Wang ("King") as part of their temple names. Era names are in bracket where available.

# Portrait Personal name Period of reign Courtesy name (C)/
Mongol name (M) /
Pseudonym (Ps) 		Temple name (廟號) (T) /
Posthumous name (諡號) (P) /
Posthumous name given by Mongols (MP) 		Era name (年號)
Westernized Hangul/Hanja Westernized Hangul/Hanja Westernized Hangul/Hanja Westernized Hangul/Hanja
1 Goryo Taejo Wangkun 2.jpg Wang Geon 왕건 (王建) 918–943 Yakcheon (C) 약천 (若天, C) Taejo (T)
Sinseong (P) 		태조 (太祖, T)
신성 (神聖, P) 		Cheonsu 천수 (天授)
2 Wang Mu 왕무 (王武) 943–945 Sunggeon (C) 승건 (承乾, C) Hyejong
Uigong (P) 		혜종 (惠宗, T)
의공 (義恭, P)
3 Wang Yo 왕요 (王堯) 945–949 Uicheon (C) 의천 (義天, C) Jeongjong (T)
Munmyeong (P) 		정종 (定宗, T)
문명 (文明, P)
4 Wang So 왕소 (王昭) 949–975 Ilhwa (C) 일화 (日華, C) Gwangjong (T)
Daesung (P) 		광종 (光宗, T)
대성 (大成, P) 		Gwangdeok
Junpung 		광덕 (光德)
준풍 (峻豊)
5 Wang Ju 왕주 (王伷) 975–981 Jangmin (C) 장민 (長民, C) Gyeongjong (T)
Heonhwa (P) 		경종 (景宗, T)
헌화 (獻和, P)
6 Wang Chi 왕치 (王治) 981–997 On-go (C) 온고 (溫古, C) Seongjong (T)
Munui (P) 		성종 (成宗, T)
문의 (文懿, P)
7 Wang Song 왕송 (王訟) 997–1009 Hyosin (C) 효신 (孝伸, C) Mokjong (T)
Seonyang (P) 		목종 (穆宗, T)
선양 (宣讓, P)
8 Wang Sun 왕순 (王詢) 1009–1031 Anse (C) 안세 (安世, C) Hyeonjong (T)
Wonmun (P) 		현종 (顯宗, T)
원문 (元文, P)
9 Wang Heum 왕흠 (王欽) 1031–1034 Wonryang (C) 원량 (元良, C) Deokjong (T)
Gyeonggang (P) 		덕종 (德宗, T)
경강 (敬康, P)
10 Wang Hyeong 왕형 (王亨) 1034–1046 Sinjo (C) 신조 (申照, C) Jeongjong (T)
Yonghye (P) 		정종 (靖宗, T)
용혜 (容惠, P)
11 Wang Hwi 왕휘 (王徽) 1046–1083 Chok-yu (C) 촉유 (燭幽, C) Munjong (T)
Inhyo (P) 		문종 (文宗, T)
인효 (仁孝, P)
12 Wang Hun 왕훈 (王勳) 1083 Uigong (C) 의공 (義恭, C) Sunjong (T)
Seonhye (P) 		순종 (順宗, T)
선혜 (宣惠, P)
13 Wang Un 왕운 (王運) 1083–1094 Gyecheon (C) 계천 (繼天, C) Seonjong (T)
Sahyo (P) 		선종 (宣宗, T)
사효 (思孝, P)
14 Wang Uk 왕욱 (王昱) 1094–1095 None None Heonjong (T)
Hoehyo (P) 		헌종 (獻宗, T)
사효 (懷孝, P)
15 Wang Ong 왕옹 (王顒) 1095–1105 Cheonsang (C) 천상 (天常, C) Sukjong (T)
Myeonghyo (P) 		숙종 (肅宗, T)
명효 (明孝, P)
16 Wang U 왕우 (王俁) 1105–1122 Semin (C) 세민 (世民, C) Yejong (T)
Munhyo (P) 		예종 (睿宗, T)
문효 (文孝, P)
17 Wang Hae 왕해 (王楷) 1122–1146 Inpyo (C) 인표 (仁表, C) Injong (T)
Gonghyo (P) 		인종 (仁宗, T)
공효 (恭孝, P)
18 Wang Hyeon 왕현 (王晛) 1146–1170 Ilsung (C) 일승 (日升, C) Uijong (T)
Janghyo (P) 		의종 (毅宗, T)
장효 (莊孝, P)
19 Wang Ho 왕호 (王晧) 1170–1197 Jidan (C) 지단 (之旦, C) Myeongjong (T)
Gwanghyo (P) 		명종 (明宗, T)
광효 (光孝, P)
20 Wang Tak 왕탁 (王晫) 1197–1204 Jihwa (C) 지화 (至華, C) Sinjong (T)
Jeonghyo (P) 		신종 (神宗, T)
정효 (靖孝, P)
21 Wang Yeong 왕영 (王韺) 1204–1211 Bulpi (C) 불피 (不陂, C) Huijong (T)
Seonghyo (P) 		희종 (熙宗, T)
성효 (成孝, P)
22 Wang O 왕오 (王祦) 1211–1213 Daehwa (C) 대화 (大華, C) Gangjong (T)
Wonhyo (P) 		강종 (康宗, T)
원효 (元孝, P)
23 Wang Cheol 왕철 (王皞) 1213–1259 Cheon-u (C) 천우 (天祐, C) Gojong (T)
Anhyo (P)
Chungheon (MP) 		고종 (高宗, T)
안효 (安孝, P)
충헌 (忠憲, MP)
24 Wang Sik 왕식 (王禃) 1259–1274 Ilsin (C) 일신 (日新, C) Wonjong (T)
Sunhyo (P)
Chunggyeong (MP) 		원종 (元宗, T)
순효 (順孝, P)
충경 (忠���, MP)
25 Wang Geo 왕거 (王昛) 1274–1298
1298-1308 		None None Chungnyeol (MP)
Gyeonghyo (P) 		충렬 (忠烈, MP)
경효 (景孝, P)
26 Wang Jang 왕장 (王璋) 1298
1308–1313 		Jungang (C)
Iǰirbuka (M) 		중앙 (仲昻, C)
익지례보화 (益知禮普花, M) 		Chungseon (MP)
Heonhyo (P) 		충선 (忠宣, MP)
헌효 (憲孝, P)
27 Wang Do 왕도 (王燾) 1313–1330
1332–1339 		Uihyo (C)
Aratnašri (M) 		의효 (宜孝, C)
아랄특눌실리 (阿剌忒訥失里, M) 		Chungsuk (MP)
Uihyo (P) 		충숙 (忠肅, MP)
의효 (懿孝, P)
28 Wang Jeong 왕정 (王禎) 1330–1332
1339–1344 		Buddhašri (M) 보탑실리 (寶塔實里, M) Chunghye (MP)
Heonhyo (P) 		충혜 (忠惠, MP)
헌효 (獻孝, P)
29 Wang Heun 왕흔 (王昕) 1344–1348 Padma dorji (M) 팔사마타아지 (八思麻朶兒只, M) Chungmok (MP)
Hyeonghyo (P) 		충목 (忠穆, MP)
현효 (顯孝, P)
30 Wang Jeo 왕저 (王㫝) 1348–1351 Čosgen dorji (M) 미사감타아지 (迷思監朶兒只, M) Chungjeong (MP) 충정 (忠定, MP)
31 King Kongmin of Koryo.jpg Wang Jeon 왕전 (王顓) 1351–1374 Bayan Temür (M)
Ijae / Ikdang (Ps) 		백안첩목아 (伯顔帖木兒, M)
이재 / 익당 (Ps) 		Gongmin (P)
Gyeonghyo (P) 		공민 (恭愍, P)
경효 (敬孝, P)
32 Wang U 왕우 (王禑) 1374–1388 None None U None
33 Wang Chang 왕창 (王昌) 1388–1389 None None Chang None
34 Wang Yo 왕요 (王瑤) 1389–1392 None None Gongyang 공양 (恭讓, P)

Joseon dynasty[]

See also: List of Joseon monarchs and Joseon kings family tree

Joseon (1392–1910) followed Goryeo. In 1897, when Joseon became the Korean Empire, some of the Joseon kings were posthumously raised to the rank of emperors.

Joseon monarchs had temple names ending in jo or jong. Jo was given to the first kings/emperors of new lines within the dynasty, with the first king/emperor having the special name (Taejo), which means "great progenitor" (see also Goryeo). Jong was given to all other kings/emperors.

Two kings, Yeonsangun and Gwanghaegun, were not given temple names after their reigns ended.

Each monarch had a posthumous name that included either the title Wang ("King"), Hwangje ("Emperor"), Daewang ("King X the Great"), or Daeje ("Emperor X the Great"). For the sake of consistency, the title "King/Emperor" has been added to each monarch's temple name in the list below.

# Portrait Personal name Period of reign Courtesy name (C) /
Pseudonym (Ps) 		Temple name (廟號) (T) /
Posthumous name (諡號) (P) 		Era name (年號)
Westernized Hangul/Hanja Westernized Hangul/Hanja Westernized Hangul/Hanja Westernized Hangul/Hanja
1 King Taejo Yi 02.jpg Yi Seong-gye
Yi Dan 		이성계 (李成桂)
이단 (李旦) 		1392–1398 Gunjin (C)
Songheon (Ps) 		군진 (君晋, C)
송헌 (松軒, Ps) 		Taejo (T)
Emperor Go (P) 		태조 (太祖, T)
고황제 (高皇帝, P)
2 Yi Bang-gwa
Yi Gyeong 		이방과 (李芳果)
이경 (李曔) 		1398–1400 Gwangwon (C) 광원 (光遠, C) Jeongjong (T)
Gongjeong (P) 		정종 (定宗, T)
공정 (恭靖, P)
3 Yi Bang-won 이방원 (李芳遠) 1400–1418 Yudeok (C) 유덕 (遺德, C) Taejong (T)
Gongjeong (P) 		태종 (太宗, T)
공정 (恭定, P)
4 Yi Do 이도 (李祹) 1418–1450 Wonjeong (C) 원정 (元正, C) Sejong (T)
Jangheon (P) 		세종 (世宗, T)
장헌 (莊憲, P)
5 Yi Hyang 이향 (李珦) 1450–1452 Hwiji (C) 휘지 (輝之, C) Munjong (T)
Gongsun (P) 		문종 (文宗, T)
공순 (恭順, P)
6 Yi Hong-wi 이홍위 (李弘暐) 1452–1455 None None Danjong (T)
Gongui (P) 		단종 (端宗, T)
공의 (恭懿, P)
7 Yi Yu 이유 (李瑈) 1455–1468 Suji (C) 수지 (粹之, C) Sejo (T)
Hyejang (P) 		세조 (世祖, T)
혜장 (惠莊, P)
8 Yi Hwang 이황 (李晄) 1468–1469 Myeingjo (C)
Pyeongnam (C) 		명조 (明照, C)
평남 (平南, C) 		Yejong (T)
Yangdo (P) 		예종 (睿宗, T)
양도 (襄悼, P)
9 Yi Hyeol 이혈 (李娎) 1469–1494 None None Seongjong (T)
Gangjeong (P) 		성종 (成宗, T)
강정 (康靖, P)
10 Yi Yung 이융 (李㦕) 1494–1506 None None Yeonsangun 연산군 (燕山君)
11 Yi Yeok 이역 (李懌) 1506–1544 Nakcheon (C) 낙천 (樂天, C) Jungjong (T)
Gonghui (P) 		중종 (中宗, T)
공희 (恭僖, P)
12 Yi Ho 이호 (李峼) 1544–1545 Cheonyun (C) 천윤 (天胤, C) Injong (T)
Yeongjeong (P) 		인종 (仁宗, T)
영정 (榮靖, P)
13 Yi Hwan 이환 (李峘) 1545–1567 Daeyang (C) 대양 (對陽, C) Myeongjong (T)
Gongheon (P) 		명종 (明宗, T)
공헌 (恭憲, P)
14 Yi Yeon 이연 (李昖) 1567–1608 None None Seonjo (T)
Sogyeong (P) 		선조 (宣祖, T)
소경 (昭敬, P)
15 Yi Hon 이혼 (李琿) 1608–1623 None None Gwanghaegun 광해군 (光海君)
16 Yi Jong 이종 (李倧) 1623–1649 Cheonyun (C)
Hwabaek (C)
Songchang (Ps) 		천윤 (天胤, C)
화백 (和伯, C)
송창 (松窓, Ps) 		Injo (T) 인조 (仁祖, T)
17 Yi Ho 이호 (李淏) 1649–1659 Jeongyeon (C)
Juk-o (Ps) 		정연 (靜淵, C)
죽오(竹梧, Ps) 		Hyojong (T) 효종 (孝宗, T)
18 Yi Yeon 이연 (李棩) 1659–1674 Gyeongjik (C) 경직 (景直, C) Hyeonjong (T) 현종 (顯宗, T)
19 Yi Sun 이순 (李焞) 1674–1720 Myeongbo (C) 명보 (明譜, C) Sukjong (T) 숙종 (肅宗, T)
20 Yi Yun 이윤 (李昀) 1720–1724 Hwiseo (C) 휘서 (輝瑞, C) Gyeongjong (T) 경종 (景宗, T)
21 Portrait of King Yeongjo - Chae Yong Shin (蔡龍臣 1850-1941) Cho Seok-jin (趙錫晉 1853-1920) et (cropped).jpg Yi Geum 이금 (李昑) 1724–1776 Gwangsuk (C)
Yangseongheon (Ps) 		광숙 (光叔, C)
양성헌 (養性軒, Ps) 		Yeongjo (T) 영조 (英祖, T)
22 Yi San 이산 (李祘) 1776–1800 Hyeongun (C)
Hongjae (Ps) 		형운 (亨運, C)
홍재 (弘齋, Ps) 		Jeongjo (T) 정조 (正祖, T)
23 Yi Gong 이공 (李玜) 1800–1834 Gongbo (C)
Sunjae (Ps) 		공보(公寶, C)
순재 (純齋, Ps) 		Sunjo (T) 순조 (純祖, T)
24 Yi Hwan 이환 (李烉) 1834–1849 Muneung (C)
Wonheon (Ps) 		문응 (文應, C)
원헌 (元軒, Ps) 		Heonjong (T) 헌종 (憲宗, T)
25 Cheoljong2.jpg Yi Byeon 이변 (李昪) 1849–1863 Doseung (C)
Daeyongjae (Ps) 		도승 (道升, C)
대용재 (大勇齋, Ps) 		Cheoljong (T) 철종 (哲宗, T)
26 Korea-Portrait of Emperor Gojong-01.jpg Yi Myeong-bok
Yi Hui 		이명복 (李命福)
이희 (李㷩) 		1863–1897
(1897–1907) * 		Seongrim (C)
Juyeon (Ps) 		성림 (聖臨, C)
주연 (珠淵, Ps) 		Gojong (T) *
Emperor Tae (P) * 		고종 (高宗, T) *
태황제 (太皇帝, P) * 		Gaeguk
Geonyang
Gwangmu * 		개국 (開國)
건양 (建陽)
광무 (光武) *

* see Korean Empire section

Korean Empire[]

In 1897, Joseon Dynasty became the Korean Empire, which lasted until 1910. Technically, the emperors can be referred to by their era names rather than their temple names, but the latter are commonly used.

# Portrait Personal name Period of reign Courtesy name (C) /
Pseudonym (Ps) 		Temple name (廟號) (T) /
Posthumous name (諡號) (P) 		Era name (年號)
Westernized Hangul/Hanja Westernized Hangul/Hanja Westernized Hangul/Hanja Westernized Hangul/Hanja
1 Korea-Portrait of Emperor Gojong-01.jpg Yi Myeong bok
Yi Hui 		이명복 (李命福)
이희 (李㷩) 		1897–1907 Seongrim (C)
Juyeon (Ps) 		성림 (聖臨, C)
주연 (珠淵, Ps) 		Gojong (T)
Emperor Tae (P) 		고종 (高宗, T)
태황제 (太皇帝, P) 		Gwangmu 광무 (光武)
2 Emperor Sunjong.jpg Yi Cheok 이척 (李坧) 1907–1910 Gundang (C)
Jeongheon (Ps) 		군방 (君邦, C)
정헌 (正軒, Ps) 		Sunjong (T)
Emperor Hyo (P) 		순종 (純宗, T)
효황제 (孝皇帝, P) 		Yunghui 융희 (隆熙)

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. ^ Hyung Il Pai (2000). Constructing "Korean" Origins: A Critical Review of Archaeology, Historiography, and Racial Myth in Korean State-formation Theories. Harvard University Asia Center. pp. 89–92. ISBN 978-0-674-00244-9.
  2. ^
    "An extreme manifestation of nationalism and the family cult was the revival of interest in Tangun, the mythical founder of the first Korean state... Most textbooks and professional historians, however, treat him as a myth."
    • Stark, Miriam T. (2008). Archaeology of Asia. John Wiley & Sons. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-4051-5303-4.
    "Although Kija may have truly existed as a historical figure, Tangun is more problematical."
    • Schmid, Andre (2013). Korea Between Empires. Columbia University Press. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-231-50630-4.
    "Most [Korean historians] treat the [Tangun] myth as a later creation."
    "The Tangun myth became more popular with groups that wanted Korea to be independent; the Kija myth was more useful to those who wanted to show that Korea had a strong affinity to China."
    "If a choice is to be made between them, one is faced with the fact that the Tangun, with his supernatural origin, is more clearly a mythological figure than Kija."
  3. ^ Goguryeo kings had the surname Go, except for the second Yuri through fifth Mobon, whose surnames are recorded as Hae. All of the kings are recorded to belong to the same patrilineal bloodline. It is not clear whether the two surnames are different transcription of the same name, or evidence of a power struggle.
  4. ^ The Samguk Sagi and Samguk Yusa, and sometimes other records mention "other names," "birth names," "childhood names," or "personal names."
  5. ^ The king names generally derive from the location of the king's burial, and do not necessarily correspond to the Chinese concept of 諡號.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b The Jolbon line names and dates are from the Samguk Sagi. The Wei shu History of the Wei dynasty gives the following names: 朱蒙 Jumong, 閭達 Yeodal, 始閭諧 Shiryeohae, 如栗 Yeoyul, and 莫來 Mangnae. The legendary line had already been formed with some variants in the early 5th century when king Jangsu built a monument for his father and Goguryeo made contact with the Northern Wei. The inscription of that monument gives these names: 鄒牟 Chumo, 儒留 Yuryu, and 大朱留 Daejuryu. The connections between those names are not clear.
  7. ^ http://kdaq.empas.com/koreandb/history/koreanking/html/person/koguryeo_king.html (The Academy of Korean Studies) Archived July 8, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ http://enc.daum.net/dic100//topView.do (Korea Britannica Corp.)
  9. ^ 고구려 (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2013-10-07.
  10. ^ Il-yeon: Samguk Yusa: Legends and History of the Three Kingdoms of Ancient Korea, translated by Tae-Hung Ha and Grafton K. Mintz. Epilogue, page 354. Silk Pagoda (2006). ISBN 1-59654-348-5 - note: the dates for Geojilmi's reign go there until 344

References[]

  • Byeon Tae-seop (변태섭) (1999). 韓國史通論 (Hanguksa tongnon) (Outline of Korean history), 4th ed. ISBN 978-89-445-9101-3.
  • Cumings, Bruce (1997). Korea's place in the sun. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-31681-0.
  • Kim, Jung Bae (1997). "Formation of the ethnic Korean nation and the emergence of its ancient kingdom states". Korean history: Discovery of its characteristics and developments. Seoul: Hollym. pp. 27–36. ISBN 978-1-56591-177-2.
  • Nahm, Andrew C. (1988). Korea: Tradition and Transformation — A History of the Korean People. Hollym International. ISBN 978-0-930878-56-6.
  • https://web.archive.org/web/20031006023320/http://www.rootsinfo.co.kr/index_sub02.html (in Korean only)
  • http://www.rulers.org
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