List of names of Asian cities in different languages
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This is a list of cities in Asia that have several names in different languages, including former names. Many cities have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons.
This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real", or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name including any historical variants and former names. lu Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed.
Note: The blue asterisks generally indicate the availability of a Wikipedia article in that language for that city; it also provides additional reference for the equivalence. Red asterisks or a lack of an asterisk indicate that no such article exists, and that these equivalents without further footnotes should be viewed with caution.
A[]
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Abakan | Ağban - Ағбан (Khakass),[KNAB] Ábāhām - 阿巴坎 (Cantonese), Abakan - Абакан (Macedonian, Russian), Abakan - アバカン (Japanese), Ābākǎn - 阿巴坎 (traditional and simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Ust’-Abakanskoe - Усть-Абаканское (former Russian, pre–1931)[KNAB], अबाकान (Hindi), اباکان (Urdu), அபாக்கன் (Tamil) |
| Ahmedabad | Ahmedabad - અમદાવાદ (Gujarati), Ahmedabad - अहमदाबाद (Hindi, Marathi), Ahmedabad - ਅਹਿਮਦਾਬਾਦ (Punjabi), Ahmedabad - আহমেদাবাদ (Bengali), Ahmedabad - ଅହମଦାବାଦ (Odia), Ahmedabad - அகமதாபாத் (Tamil), Ahmedabad - ಅಹ್ಮದಾಬಾದ್ (Kannada), Ahmedabad - അഹമ്മദാബാദ് (Malayalam) |
| Aleppo | Alep (Catalan*, Croatian*, French*, Romanian*, Slovene*), Alep - Алеп (Macedonian, Serbian)*, Alepas (Lithuanian)*, Alepo (Basque*, Esperanto*, Galician*, Spanish*), Ālèpō - 阿勒颇 (simplified characters) / 阿勒頗 (traditional characters) (Chinese)*, Alepo or Haleba (Latvian)*, Alepo or Ḩalab (Estonian)*, Alepo or Aleppo (Portuguese)*, Aleppo (Breton*, Czech*, Danish*, Dutch*, Finnish*, German*, Indonesian*, Italian*, Norwegian [Bokmål]*, Polish*, Swedish*, Welsh*), Aleppó (Hungarian)*, Aleppo - Алеппо or Khaleb - Халеб (Russian*,[KNAB] Ukrainian*), Aleppu (Sicilian)*, Alippu (Inuktitut), Allepo - 알레포 (Korean)*, Areppo - アレッポ (Japanese)*, Ash-Shahbā’ (lit., "the gray one") - الشهباء (Arabic [rare]),[KNAB] Beroea (Latin)*,[KNAB] Chalépio(n) - Χαλέπιο(ν) (Greek),[KNAB] Hadad / Halab (Syriac), Halab (Uzbek), Ḥalab - حلب (Arabic*,[KNAB] Ottoman Turkish), Halab - Ҳалаб (Tajik)*, H̱aleb - חַלֶבּ / H̱āleb - חאלב / ארם צובה Aram Zoba - (Hebrew)*,[KNAB] Halep - Հալեպ (Armenian)*,[KNAB] Halep (Turkish)*,[KNAB] Heleb (Kurdish)*,[KNAB] Hələb (Azerbaijani), Vérria - Βέρροια (Hellenistic & Byzantine Greek), ალეპო (Georgian), హాలెప్పో (Telugu), अलेप्पो (Marathi), Halab - हलब (Hindi), حلب (Urdu), ஆலெப்போ (Tamil), Halab - হালাব (Bengali) |
| Almaty | Ālāmùtú - 阿拉木圖 (traditional characters) / 阿拉木图 (simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Alma Ata (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Indonesian, Interlingua, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Sicilian, Slovak, Slovene), Alma-Ata - Алма-Ата (Macedonian, Russian, Serbian) Almá-Atá (former Spanish), Ałma Ata (Polish), Álma-Áty - Άλμα-Άτυ (Greek), Almaata - Алмаата (Karakalpak), Almaato - Алмаато (Tajik), Almata (Latvian, Lithuanian), Almatë (Albanian), Olma-Ota (Uzbek) Almati (Catalan, Galician, Hungarian), Almatı (Crimean Tatar, Turkish), Almato (Esperanto), Almatõ (Estonian), Almaty - Алмати (Ukrainian*), Almaty - Алматы (Kazakh, Russian alternative), Almatý (Spanish), Almuta - ئالمۇتا (Uyghur), Armatii (Inuktitut), Arumatoi - アルマトイ (Japanese)*, ალმა-ათა / ალმატი (Georgian), अलमती (Marathi), ఎల్మాటీ (Telugu), Olmaota [Almäatä - Олмаота] (former Uzbek), Vernyj - Верный (former Russian, 1867–1921), Viernyi (former French), अलमाती (Hindi), آلما اتا (Urdu), அல்மாதி (Tamil) |
| Amman | Amã (Portuguese), Aman (Novial, Slovene), Aman - Аман (Macedonian, Serbian) Amán (Galician), Amàn (Haitian Creole), Amanas (Lithuanian), Amano (Esperanto), Amans (Samogitian), Амман - Amman (Russian), Amman (Inuktitut), Amman - アンマン (Japanese), Ammán (Czech, Hungarian, Slovak, Spanish), ‘Ammān (Estonian), عمان - Ammān (Arabic), Ammāna (Latvian), Philadelphia (Latin), Philadélpheia - Φιλαδέλφεια (Greek [archaic]), Rabbat Ammon - רבת עמון (Hebrew), 安曼 (Mandarin Chinese), ამანი (Georgian), अम्मान (Hindi), అమ్మాన్ (Telugu), अम्मान (Marathi), அம்மான் (Tamil), عمّان (Urdu) |
| Ankara | Aṁkārā - అంకారా (Telugu), Ancara (Galician, Portuguese), Ancyra (Latin), Ăng-kā-lá - 安卡拉 (Mindong), Angora (former English, former Italian, former Romanian, former French), Ángyra - Άγκυρα (Greek), Ángyra - Ἄγκυρα (Ancient Greek), Ānkǎlā - 安卡拉 (Mandarin Chinese), Ankara - Անկարա (Armenian), Ankara - Анкара (Abkhaz, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian), Ankara - ანკარა (Georgian), Ankara - アンカラ (Japanese), Ānḳarah - آنقره (Ottoman Turkish), Anqara (Zazaki), Änqarä - Әнкарә (Tatar),[KNAB] Ankaro (Esperanto), Anqara (Uzbek), Änq̇ara - Аьнкьара (Lak), Anqarah - أنقرة (Arabic), Aqqara/Atqara (Inuktitut), Enqere (Kurdish), Enqere - ئهنقهره (Uyghur), Ngōnkālā - 安卡拉 (Cantonese), अंकारा (Hindi), انقرہ (Urdu), அங்காரா (Tamil) |
| Antioch | Anniukkia (Inuktitut), Anţākīyah أنطاكيا (Arabic), Antakya (Azerbaijani, Turkish*), Antioch-on-the-Orontes (extended name in English), Antioch (Scottish Gaelic), Antioche (French)*, Antiocheia - Ἀντιόχεια (Ancient Greek),[KNAB] Antiochia (Hungarian*, Interlingua, Latin, Slovak), Antiochia or Antiochia/Antioch/Antiochien am Orontes (German)*, Antiochia or Antiochia di Siria (Italian)*, Antiochia or Antiochia Syryjska (Polish)*, Antiochia or Antiochia vid Orontes (Swedish)*, Antióchia - Αντιόχεια (Greek), Antióchia i epí Dáfni - Αντιόχεια η επί Δάφνη / Antióchia i epí Oróntu - Αντιόχεια η επί Ορόντου / Antióchia i Megáli - Αντιόχεια η Μεγάλη (extended names in Greek), Antiochie (Czech)*, Antiochië (Dutch)*, Antiohia (Romanian), Antiohija (Croatian, Bosnian), Antiohija - Антиохија (Macedonian, Serbian*), Antiok‘ - Անտոք (Armenian),[KNAB] Antiokia (Indonesian, Danish*, Finnish*), Antiokia - アンティオキア (Japanese), Anṭiokia - ܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ (Syriac), Anţiokia - ანტიოქია (Georgian),[KNAB] Antioquia (Catalan), Antioquía (Spanish)*, Antióquia (Portuguese)*, Antioxija - Антиохия (Russian historical),[KNAB] Antioxiya (Azerbaijani alternative), Ēṁṭjhōk - ఏంటియోక్ (Telugu), अन्ताकिया (Hindi), انتاکیا (Urdu), அந்தியோச் (Tamil), Āntíā - 安提阿 (Mandarin Chinese), Antiok - 안 디 옥 (Korean), আন্তিয়খিয়া / Antiyokhiya (Bengali) |
| Ardabil | Ardabel - Ардабел (Tajik), Ardabil - Ардабил (Macedonian), Ardabīl - اردبیل (Persian),[KNAB] Ərdəbil - اردبیل (Azerbaijani),[KNAB] Ardebil' - Ардебиль (Russian),[KNAB] Artawil - Արտաւիլ (Armenian), Erdebil (Turkish, Zazaki), Erdebîl - اردبیل (Kurdish), اردبیل (Urdu) . அர்தாபில் (Tamil) |
| Ardahan | Ardachán - Αρνταχάν (Greek), Ardahan (Turkish), Ardahan - Արդահան (Armenian),[KNAB] Ardahan - Ардахан (Macedonian), Arţaani - არტაანი (Georgian) Ardagan - Ардаган (Russian), Ərdəhan (Azerbaijani), Artahan - Արտահան (Armenian alternative),[KNAB] Erdêxan/Erdêhan (Kurdish), اردھان (Urdu), அர்தஹான் (Tamil) |
| Ashgabat | Ašchabád (Czech, Slovak), Aschchabad, Aschgabad or Aschgabat (German), Aşgabat or Aşkabat (Turkish),Asjabad (Spanish), Asgabate (Portuguese), Ashkhabad - Ашхабад (Russian), Aşhabad (Italian, Montenegrin, Romanian), Ašhabad - Ашхабад (Macedonian, Serbian), Ašhabada (Latvian), Aşgabat (Turkmen), Asiqhapaati (Inuktitut), Ashigabādo - アシガバード (Japanese), Ashxobod (Uzbek), Asjchabad (Dutch), Aşqabad (Azerbaijani), Aszchabad (Polish), Išq Ābād (Arabic), აშხაბადი / აშგაბატი (Georgian), عشق آباد (Persian), అస్కాబాద్ (Telugu), عشق آباد (Urdu), அஷ்காபத் (Tamil), Ashkhabad - আশখাবাদ (Bengali) |
| Astana | Akmola (variant in Finnish), Ostona (Uzbek), Akmola (former Russian, 1992-1998),[KNAB] Akmoła (former Polish), Akmolinsk - Акмолинск (former Russian, pre-1961),[KNAB] Aqmola - Ақмола (former Kazakh pre-1961, 1992-1998),[KNAB] Aqmulla - Акмулла (former Tatar),[KNAB] Aqmulla - Аҡмулла (former Bashkir),[KNAB] Aseutana - 아스타나 (Korean*), Astana (Dutch, Finnish, Italian, Latvian, Polish, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic, Turkish, Azerbaijani), Astana - Астана (Belarusian, Kazakh, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian*), Astana - ئاستانا (Uyghur), Astanà (Catalan), Astaná (Spanish), Asţana - ასტანა (Georgian), Asutana/Aqsana/Angmulaq (Inuktitut), Asutana - アスタナ (Japanese*), అస్తానా (Telugu), Celinograd - Целиноград (former Russian, 1961-1992),[KNAB] Qaraötkel - Қараөткел (obsolete Kazakh unofficial),[KNAB] Tselīnograd - Целиноград (former Kazakh, 1961-1992)[KNAB], استانا (Urdu), அஸ்தானா (Tamil), |
B[]
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Baghdad | Bāgaakdaaht - 巴格達 (Cantonese), Bagdá (Portuguese), Bagdad (Danish, French, German, Spanish, historic English), Bagdad - Багдад (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Mongolian, Ossetian, Russian, Serbian), Bagdad - באגדאד (Yiddish), Baġdād - بغداد (Arabic), Bağdad (Azerbaijani), Bağdad - Багдад (Kyrgyz, Tatar), Bağdad - Бағдад (Bashkir, Kazakh), Baǧdad - Багъдад (Avar, Kumyk, Lak, Lezgian),[KNAB] Baḡdâd - בגדאד [בַּעְ'דַּאדּ] (Hebrew), Baḡdād - ܒܓܕܐܕ (Syriac), Baǧdat - Багъдат (Tabasaran),[KNAB] Bagdat (Turkmen),[KNAB] Bağdat (Crimean Tatar, Turkish),[KNAB] Baǧdati - ბაღდადი (Georgian,[KNAB] Mingrelian), Bagdatum (Latin), Bagdaza (Hausa),[KNAB] Baġdod - Бағдод (Tajik), Bāgédá - 巴格達 (traditional characters)/ 巴格达 (simplified characters) (historical Mandarin Chinese), Bageudadeu - 바그다드 (Korean), Baghdaad - ބަޣުދާދު (Divehi), Baghdad - باغداد (Uyghur), Bagudaddo - バグダード (Japanese),[KNAB] Bajdad - БаІдад (Chechen),[KNAB] Baldacco (historical Italian), Bałdad - Բաղդադ (Armenian), Bałtat - Բաղտատ (Western Armenian), Bàodá - 報達 (traditional characters)/ 报达 (simplified characters) (historic Mandarin Chinese), Baqdaad (Somali), Bát-đa (Vietnamese),[KNAB] Bǣkdǣt - แบกแดด (Thai), Beẍa (Kurdish alternative), Beẍda (Kurdish), Beẍda - بەغدا (Sorani Kurdish), Boudaaht - 報達 (historic Cantonese), Pahtat - Пахтат (Chuvash),[1] Vagdáti - Βαγδάτη (Greek),[KNAB], بغداد (Urdu), பாக்தாத் (Tamil) |
| Baku | Bacou (former French), Bacu (Portuguese*), Bādkūbe - بادکوبه (former Persian), Bakı (Azerbaijani)*, Bakku - Бакку (Tabasaran), Bakoe (Afrikaans, Dutch*), Bakou (French)*, Bakoú - Μπακού (Greek*), Bakox (Chechen), Baku (Croatian*, Crimean Tatar*, Czech*, Danish*, Finnish*, German*, Hungarian*, Indonesian*, Italian*, Latin*, Latvian*, Lithuanian*, Maltese *, Norwegian*, Polish*, Romanian*, Slovak*, Swedish*, Tat), Bākū - باکو (Arabic, Persian), Baku - باكو (Urdu), Baku - Баку (Avar*, Belarusian*, Bulgarian*, Lezghi, Macedonian*, Ossetic*, Russian*, Serbian*, Tatar*, Tsakhur, Ukrainian*), Baku - 巴庫 (Mandarin Chinese)*, Baku - בקו (Hebrew)*, Bakū - バクー (Japanese)*, Bakû - باکوو (Kurdish)*, Bakú (Spanish)*, Bākū - ܒܟܘ (Syriac), Bakü (Turkish)*, Baku - באַקו (Yiddish)*, Bākūyah (historic Arabic), Bakuu (Estonian)*, Baqu - Բաքու (Armenian)*, Bako - ბაქო (Georgian)*, Bokü (Talyshi), பாகு(Tamil) |
| Bali | Bali - Бали (Macedonian*), Bālídǎo - 巴厘岛 (Simplified Chinese), Baritō - バリ島 (Japanese) |
| Banda Aceh | Banda Aceh (Indonesian, Malay), Banda Acèh (Acehnese, Javanese), Banda Ačeh - Банда Ачех (Macedonian), Bandā`āčhe - บันดาร์อาเจะห์ (Thai), Bāandaat Achàih - 班達亞齊 (Cantonese), Banda Atjeh (Dutch, Indonesian old spelling), Banda Atjèh (Acehnese old spelling), Bāndā Ātšīh - باندا آتشيه (Arabic), Bandar Aceh (historic Indonesian), Bandar Aceh Darussalam (historic Indonesian [long form]), Bandaache - 반다아체 (Korean), Bāndáyàqí - 班達亞齊 (Mandarin Chinese), Dàyàqí - 大亞齊 (Mandarin Chinese alternative), Koetaradja (historic Indonesian old spelling, pre–1962), Kota Radja (historic Dutch, historic English, pre–1962), Kutaradja (historic Acehnese, historic Indonesian old spelling, pre–1962), باندا آچہ (Urdu), பாந்தா ஆச்சே (Tamil) |
| Bandar Abbas | Bandar-e ‘Abbās, Bandar ‘Abbās, Bandar Abas - Бандар Абас (Macedonian), Bandar ‘Abbāsī (Romanization from Persian); Cambarão, Porto Comorão (Portuguese); Gamrun, Gumrun (Dutch); Gombroon，Ābāsī - 阿巴斯 (Mandarin Chinese), Bandaru Abbāsu バンダル・アッバース (Japanese), Bandaleu Abbaseu - 반다르 압바스 (Korean), Bender Abbas - (Turkish), Бендер-Аббас (Russian), Bəndər Abbas (Azerbaijani), বন্দর আব্বাস / Bondor Abbas (Bengali) |
| Bandırma | Bandırma (Turkish), Bandërma (Albanian), Bandirma, Бандирма (Serbian), باندرمة (Arabic), Panormos - Πάνορμος (Greek) |
| Bandung | Bandon - バンドン (Japanese), Bandhung (Javanese), Bandung, Бандунг (Cyrillic Script), Bandungas (Lithuanian), Bandungo (Esperanto), Bandunj - باندونج (Arabic), Wànlóng - 萬隆 (Mandarin Chinese), بانڈونگ (Urdu), பாந்துங் (Tamil) |
| Bangalore | Bangarōru - バンガロール (Japanese), ბენგალორი (Georgian), બેંગલોર (Gujarati), बंगलौर (Hindi [traditional]), बेंगलूरु (Hindi [phonetic transcription of Kannada name]), ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು (Kannada), 뱅갈로(Korean), ബാംഗ്ലൂര് (Malayalam), बंगळूर (Marathi), பெங்களூர் (Tamil), బెంగుళూరు (Telugu), بنگلور (Urdu), Bānjiāluó'r - 班加罗尔 (Mandarin Chinese), Bangalor - Бангалор (Macedonian, Russian), বেঙ্গালুরু / Bengaluru (Bengali) |
| Bangkok | Bancác (Irish), Bangóg - Μπανγκόγκ (Greek), Banguecoque or Bangkok (Portuguese), Băng Cốc (Vietnamese), Bangkok - Бангкок (Macedonian*), Bankoko (Esperanto)*, Bankoku - バンコク (Japanese), Krung Thep Maha Nakhon - กรุงเทพมหานคร (Thai), Màngǔ - 曼谷 (Mandarin Chinese), Bangkok - ბანგკოკი (Georgian), 방콕 (Korean), பாங்காக் (Tamil), బేంగ్కాక్ (Telugu), بانگ کوک (Urdu), Baanggog -ບາງກອກ (Lao) |
| Barisal | Borishāl - বরিশাল (Bengali, Assamese), Borishal - ꠛꠞꠤꠡꠣꠟ (Sylheti), Bārīsāl - باریسال (Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Western Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Kashmiri), Barisal - Барисал (Macedonian), Barishāl - बरिशाल (Hindi, Nepali), बारिसाल (Marathi), Barisāl (Indonesian, Malay, Cebuano), Барисал (Bulgarian, Mongolian, Russian), Барісал (Ukrainian), Barishal (German), Barizalo (Esperanto), Barisalo (or Barisalas) (Lithuanian), Barisalin (Finnish)
Historical names: Bakla-Chandradwip (English), বাকলা-চন্দ্রদ্বীপ - Bakla-Chondrodeep (Bengali), بکلا-چندراديپ - Baklā-Chandrādīp (Persian, Urdu), بكلا-تشاندرا ديب - Baklā-Tshāndrā Dīp (Arabic) Other names: Gird-e-Bandar (The Great Port) - (English), গিরদে বন্দর - Girde Bondor (Bengali), ইসমাইলপুর - Ismailpur, Backergunge - (English), বাকেরগঞ্জ - Bakergonj (Bengali) |
| Basra | Al-Baṣrah - البصرة (Arabic),[KNAB] Baçorá (Portuguese), Bāshìlā - 巴士拉 (traditional and simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Bāsihlā - 巴士拉 (Cantonese), Basora (Spanish), Basra (German, Indonesian, Turkish), Basra - Басра (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian[KNAB], Serbian, Ukrainian), Basra - Բասրա (Armenian), Baṣra - בצרה (Hebrew), Baṣrā - ܒܨܪܐ (Syriac), Basrā - बसरा (Hindi), Baṣrah - بصره (Persian, Urdu), Bassorah (French),[KNAB] Bəsrə (Azerbaijani), Besir (Kurdish alternative),[KNAB] Besra - بەسرە (Kurdish),[KNAB] Besre - بەسرە (Sorani Kurdish), Busra(h) (historic English),[KNAB] Bussora(h) (historic English),[KNAB] Vasóra - Βασόρα (Greek), பாஸ்ரா (Tamil), Boshra/Bosra - বসরা (Bengali, Assamese) |
| Beijing | Bắc Kinh (Vietnamese), Baekging (Zhuang), Bākgìng - 北京 (Cantonese), Bākpìhng - 北平 (Cantonese [archaic]), Beežin - Бээжин / Bejžin - Бэйжин (Mongolian), Běijīng - 北京 (Chinese), Beijing - 베이징 (Korean [modern]), Beijing (Romanian), Běipíng - 北平 (Chinese [archaic, also alternate in Taiwan]), Béising / Péicing (Irish), Bêjing - པེ་ཅིང (Tibetan), Béyjing - بېيجىڭ / Бейҗиң (Uighur), Bukgyeong - 북경 / 北京 (Korean [former]), Pak-kiaⁿ - 北京 (Minnan, Taiwanese), Pechino (Italian), Pechinum (Latin), Pecin / Beijing (Welsh), Pékin (French), Pekin - 北京 / ペキン (Japanese), Pekin (Polish, Turkish, former Romanian), Pekin - Пекин (former Romanian, Russian), Pekín (Spanish), Peking (Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English [alternate], Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Slovenian, Swedish), Peking - Пекинг (Macedonian*, Serbian), Pekino (Esperanto), * Pekíno - Πεκίνο (Greek), Pequim (Portuguese), Pequín (Catalan), პეკინი (Georgian), பெய்ஜிங் / பீஜிங் (Tamil), బేజింగ్ (Telugu), ปักกิ่ง (Thai), بیئی جنگ (Urdu), Hanbalık (Turkish [alternate]), Beizing (Sylheti), Pagging -ປັກກິ່ງ (Lao)
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| Beirut | Bayrūt - بيروت (Arabic, Urdu, Persian), Bèilǔtè - 贝鲁特/貝魯特 (simplified and traditional characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Beiroet (Afrikaans, Dutch), Beirut (Catalan, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, German, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish), Beirut - ביירות (Hebrew), Beirūta (Latvian), Beirutas (Lithuanian), Beirute (Portuguese), Beiruteu - 베이루트 (Korean), Beiruti - ბეირუთი (Georgian), Beirūto - ベイルート (Japanese), Bejrut (Polish, Slovenian), Bejrút (Czech, Hungarian, Slovak), Bejrut - Бейрут (Russian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Ukrainian), Bejrut - Бејрут (Macedonian*, Serbian), Berytus (Latin), Beyrouth (French), Beyrut (Turkish), Beyrut - Բեյրութ (Armenian), பெய்ரூட் (Tamil), Boirut - বৈরুত (Bengali), Virytós - Βηρυτός (Greek) |
| Bengkulu | Bangka Hulu (Indonesian [archaic], Malay [archaic]), Bencoolen (former English colonial name), Benkoelen (Dutch), Benkulu - Бенкулу (Macedonian), Benkuru - ベンクル (Japanese), Kota Bengkulu (Indonesian, Malay), బెంగ్కూళు నగరం (Telugu), بنگ کولو (Urdu), பெங்குலு (Tamil) |
| Bethlehem | Bait Laḥm - بيت لحم (Arabic), Baitalham - बैतलहम (Hindi), An Beithil (Irish), Bedeullehem - 베들레헴 (Korean), Belém (Portuguese), Belén (Spanish), Bethlehem (Dutch, German), Bethléem (French), Bethlehemum (Latin), Betleem (Romanian), Bet Leḥem - בית לחם (Hebrew), Betlehem (Croatian, Danish, Finnish, Hungarian, Icelandic, Norwegian, Slovak, Slovenian, Swedish), Bet'łehem - Բեթղեհեմ (Armenian), Betlejem (Polish), Betlem (Catalan), Betlém (Czech), Bētleme (Latvian), Betlemi - ბეთლემი (Georgian), Betlemme (Italian), Betliejus (Lithuanian), Betsurehemu - ベツレヘム (Japanese), Beyt-e Lahm - بیت لحم (Persian), Beytüllahim (Turkish), Bòlíhèng - 伯利恒 (simplified characters) / 伯利恆 (traditional characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Petlemm (Estonian), Vifléem - Вифлеем (Russian), Viflejem - Віфлеєм (Ukrainian), Vithleem - Βηθλεέμ (Greek), Vitléem - Витлеем (Bulgarian), Vitlejem - Витлејем (Serbian) |
| Bishkek | Bichkek (French), Bischkek (German), Bishukeku - ビシュケク (Japanese), Bisjkek (Dutch), Biškek (Croatian, Slovenian), Biškek - Бишкек (Macedonian, Serbian), Bişkek (Romanian, Turkish), Biškeka (Latvian), Biškekas (Lithuanian), Biszkek (Polish), Bixkek (Catalan), బిష్కెక్ (Telugu), ბიშკეკი (Georgian); Frunze (former name), بش کیک (Urdu), பிஷ்கேக் (Tamil), Bǐshíkǎikè - 比什凯克 (simplified characters) / 比什凱克 (traditional characters) (Mandarin Chinese) |
| Bukhara | Boechara (Dutch), Boxārā - بُخارا (Persian), Buchara (Italian), Buhara (Finnish, Turkish, Turkmen), Buhara - ブハラ (Japanese), Buhara - Бухара (Macedonian*, Serbian), Buhhaara (Estonian), Bujara (Spanish), Bukharà (Catalan), Bukhara - Бұхара (Kazakh), Bukhara - Бухара (Russian), Bukhoro - Бухоро (Tajik), Buxara (Azerbaijani), Buxoro (Uzbek), ბუხარა (Georgian), బుఖారా (Telugu), بخارہ (Urdu), புக்காரா (Tamil), Bōkhara - বোখারা (Bengali) |
| Bursa | Boersa (Dutch), Brousse (former French), Bursa (Azerbaijani, Dutch, Italian, Romanian, Turkish), Bursa - בורסה (Hebrew), Bursa - Бурса (Macedonian*, Serbian*), Burusa - ブルサ (Japanese), Proúsa - Προύσα (Greek), Prusa (Latin), ბურსა (Georgian), బుర్సా (Telugu), بورسا (Urdu), புர்சா (Tamil) |
C[]
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Çankırı | Çankırı (Turkish), Gankıra (Hittite), Gangra (Greek), Cankiri (English, French, German, Spanish), Čankr - Чанкр or Čankiri - Чанкири (Macedonian*), Çenğiri (Ottoman Turkish), Çangırı (former Turkish), چانکیری (Urdu), கங்கிரா (Tamil) |
| Chelyabinsk | Čalabinsk – Чалябінск (Belarusian*), Čeläba oš – Челяба ош (Moksha*), Čeläbinsk (Veps*), Čelepi – Челепи (Chuvash*), Celiabinsca (Latin*),[2] Čeliabinsķi – ჩელიაბინსკი (Georgian*), Ćeljaba – Челяба (Komi-Permyak*), Čeljabinsk – Челябинск (Russian*),[KNAB] Čeljabinsk – Челябінск (Ukrainian*), Čeljabinsk – Чељабинск (Macedonian*), Çelyabi – Челябі (Kazakh*),[KNAB] Cheliábinsk (Spanish*), Chēlǐyǎbīnsīkè – 車里雅賓斯克 (Mandarin Chinese*), Čheljabinsk – Չելյաբինսկ (Armenian*), Cheryabinsuku – チェリャビンスク (Japanese*), Çiläbe – Чиләбе (Kazan Tatar*),[KNAB] Czelabińsk (Polish*),[KNAB] Siläbe – Силәбе (Bashkir*),[KNAB] Tankograd – Танкоград (Russian nickname during Soviet times*), Tcheliabinsk (French*),[KNAB] Tšilīābinsk – تشيليابنسك (Arabic*), Tsjeljabinsk (Dutch*),[KNAB] Tscheljabinsk (German*) |
| Chengdu | 成都 - Chéngdu (Mandarin Chinese), Seito - 成都 [せいと] (Japanese), Seongdo - 성도 [成都] (Korean), Thành Đô (Vietnamese), Čengdu - Ченгду (Macedonian*), Chingdū - چېڭدۇ / Чеңду (Uighur), چنگدو (Urdu), செங்டு (Tamil), Chhengtu - ছেংতু (Bengali) |
| Chennai | Čenaj - Ченај or Čenai - Ченаи (Macedonian), Chennai - チェンナイ (Japanese), Madras (former name), Madràs (alternate in Catalan), Μάδρας (Greek), Madras - Мадрас (alternate in Macedonian), Mədrəs (alternate in Azerbaijani), চেন্নাই (Bengali), ચેન્નઈ (Gujarati), चेन्नई (Hindi, Marathi), ಚೆನ್ನೈ (Kannada), சென்னை (Tamil), చెన్న పట్టణం (Telugu), چنئی (Urdu), Mǎdélāsī - 马德拉斯 / 馬德拉斯 (Mandarin Chinese; simplified / traditional characters), Qīnnài - 钦奈 / 欽奈 (Mandarin Chinese; simplified / traditional characters), 첸나이 (Korean)
|
| Cheremkhovo | Arangata - Арангата (Buryat),[KNAB] Čeremxovo - Черемхово (Macedonian, Russian),[KNAB] Qièlièmǔhuòwò - 切列姆霍沃 (Mandarin Chinese), Seremhovo (Finnish), شیریم خووو (Urdu), செரெங்கோவோ (Tamil) |
| Chiang Mai | Chiang Mai - (English, French, Spanish, Portuguese), Čiang Mai - Чианг Маи or Čijang Maj - Чијанг Мај (Macedonian), เชียงใหม่ (Thai), 치앙마이 (Korean), Qīngmài - 清迈 / 清邁 (simplified and traditional Chinese) (Mandarin Chinese), (Tēsabānnakōn) Chenmai - (テーサバーンナコーン)チェンマイ (Japanese) |
| Chittagong |
Sheetaghungh / شيتاغونغ (Arabic) from Shatt Al-Ghanj / شط الغانج [The Ganges Delta], Čitagong - Читагонг (Macedonian), Chottogram / চট্টগ্রাম (Bengali), Cheetagaon - چٹگاؤں (Urdu), சிட்டகாங் (Tamil), Chatigão (Portuguese), Chittagon - チッタゴン (Japanese) |
| Chongqing | Chóngqìng - 重庆 / 重慶 (simplified and traditional Chinese), Jūkei - 重慶 [じゅうけい] (Japanese), Chunggyeong - 중경 [重慶] (Korean), Chūngchīng - چۇڭچىڭ / Чуңчиң (Uyghur), Chungqing (Dutch), Trùng Khánh (Vietnamese), చోంగ్కింగ్ (Telugu), چونگ چنگ (Urdu), சோங்கிங் (Tamil), Čungking - Чунгкинг (Macedonian), Chhungchhing - ছুংছিং (Bengali) |
D[]
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Damascus | Dimašq - دمشق / Ash-Shām - الشام / Jilliq - جلق (Arabic), Şam (Kurdish), Damaskos - Δαμασκός (Greek), Dımeşk (obsolete Turkish), Damaskos - Դամասկոս, Šam - Շամ (Armenian), Dəməşq, Şam (Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar, Turkish), Damas (French), Dammeseq - דַּמֶּשֶׂק (Hebrew), Damask - Дамаск (Russian, Bulgarian), Dimaşq˙ (Chechen), ¯Sam - Щам (Kabardian [Circassian]), Damesek (Karaim), Damasc (Catalan, Romanian), Damasco (Italian, Spanish, Portuguese), Damascus (Dutch, Latin, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh), Damasko (Esperanto), Damaskus (Danish, Estonian, Finnish, German, Indonesia, Norwegian), Damasku (Albanian), Damask - Дамаск (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovenian), Damaszkusz (Hungarian), Damašek (Czech), Damaszek (Polish), Damaskas (Lithuanian), Damaska (Latvian), Damaskos (Northern Lapp), Damaisc (Irish), Dimshek (Somali), Dameski (Swahili), Damashƙa (Hausa), Damaxk - دهمهشق (Uighur), Dàmǎshìgé - 大馬士革 (traditional characters) / 大马士革 (simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Dímǐshí - 敵米石 (Ming dynasty era Chinese name),[3][4] Damasukasu - ダマスカス (Japanese), Damaseukuseu - 다마스쿠스 (Korean), Damsyik (Malay), Dameshk - দামেস্ক (Bengali), დამასკო (Georgian), دمشق (Persian, Urdu), டமஸ்கஸ் (Tamil)
|
| Da Nang | Đà Nẵng (Vietnamese), Danan - ダナン (Japanese), Da Nang - Да Нанг or Danang - Дананг (Macedonian*), Tourane (French [former]), Turan - Туран (Macedonian [former]), Xiàngǎng - 峴港 (traditional characters) 岘港 (simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), ڈا نانگ (Urdu), தனங் (Tamil)
|
| Dhaka | Ḍhaka ঢাকা (Bengali, Assamese), Ḍakha ঢাখা (Sylheti), ढाका (Hindi, Marathi), ڈھاکا (Urdu), دكا (Arabic, Persian), ઢાકા (Gujarati), Dacca (former English name until 1982, Italian, former Romanian, Spanish, alternate in Catalan and French), Dákǎ 達卡 (traditional characters) 达卡 (simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Daka - Дака (Macedonian*), Dakka - Дакка (Russian), Dakka - ダッカ (Japanese), Dəkkə (Azerbaijani), Daca (Portuguese), დაკა (Georgian), டாக்கா (Tamil), Jahangirnagar (historic name) [5][self-published source] |
| Dili | Dili (Indonesian, Tetum), Díli (Portuguese), Dili - Дили (Macedonian*), Dilly (archaic English), دیلی (Urdu), திலி (Tamil), Dìlì - 帝力 (Mandarin Chinese), Diri - ディリ (Japanese) |
| Diyarbakır | Diyar Bakr - ديار بكر (Arabic), Amida - ܐܡܝܕܐ (Syriac), Amid - Ամիդ (Armenian),[KNAB] Amed - ئامهد (Kurdish), Amedi (Assyrian),[KNAB] Amida (Latin),[KNAB] Diarbak‘ir - Դիարբաքիր (Armenian alternative),[KNAB] Diarbakiri - დიარბაქირი (Georgian),[KNAB] Diarbek‘ir - Դիարբեքիր (Armenian alternative),[KNAB] Dijarbakir - Дијарбакир or Dijarbekir - Дијарбекир (Macedonian*), Dijarbakyr - Диярбакыр (Russian),[KNAB] Diyarbəkir (Azerbaijani), Diyarbakır (Turkish[KNAB]), Diyarbekir (Kurdish alternative, historic Turkish [pre–1937]),[KNAB] Diyarbekır (Zazaki), Diyar-ı Bekir - ديار بکر (Ottoman Turkish), Kara Âmid - قره آمد (Ottoman Turkish), Tiarpek‘ir - Տիարպեքիր (Western Armenian alternative), دیار باکر (Urdu), தியார்பேக்கிர் (Tamil)
|
| Dushanbe | Djušambe - Дюшамбе (historic Russian [pre–1929], Doesjanbe (Dutch*, Afrikaans*), Döšembe - Дюшембе (Lak),[KNAB] Douchanbé (French),[KNAB] Duchambe (Spanish),[KNAB] Duchambé (Portuguese),[KNAB] Dūchānbē - ดูชานเบ (Thai)*, Duixanbe (Catalan), Duśāmbai - दुशांबे (Hindi), Duśambai - दुशंबे (Hindi),[KNAB] Dusambé (Spanish),[6] Düşämbe - Дүшәмбе (Tatar, Bashkir),[KNAB] Duśānbai - दुशान्बे (Hindi)*, Dusanbe (Hungarian)*,[KNAB] Dušanbe (Croatian, Latvian, Slovak, Slovenian), Dušanbe - Душанбе (Bulgarian*, Russian*,[KNAB] Macedonian*, Serbian*), Dušanbe - Душанбе - دوشنبه (Tajik)*, Dušanbe - დუშანბე (Georgian)*, Dušanbe - Դուշանբե (Armenian)*, Dušanbė (Lithuanian)*,[KNAB] Duşanbe (Turkish)*, Duşanbe - Душанбе (Kazakh)*, Dușanbe (Romanian), Duşanbe-qurƣon - Душанбе-қурғон - دوشنبه قورغان (historic Tajik), Düşənbə (Azerbaijani)*,[KNAB] Duŝanbeo (Esperanto), Duschanbe (German),[KNAB] Duşenbe (Kurdish)*, Duşenbe - Душенбе (Turkmen),[KNAB] Düşenbe (Turkish),[KNAB] Dushambe - ドゥシャンベ (Japanese)*, Dūshanbah - دوشنبة (Arabic),[KNAB] Dushanbe - Душанбе (Karakalpak*, Uzbek*), Dushanbe - דושאנבע (Yiddish)*, Dùshàngbié - 杜尚別 (Mandarin Chinese)*,[KNAB] Düshenbe - دۈشەنبە - Дүшәнбә (Uyghur),[KNAB] Dusjanbe (Danish*, Swedish*), Dusyanbe - 두샨베 (Korean)*, Duszanbe (Polish)*,[KNAB] Düyşömbü - Дүйшөмбү (Kyrgyz),[KNAB] Dyushambe (historic English [pre–1929]), Hissar (historic name), Shǐdálínnàbādé - 史達林納巴德 (historic Mandarin Chinese [1929–1964]), Stalinabad (historic English [1929–1964]), Stalinabad - Сталинабад (historic Russian [1929–1964]), St'alinabadi - სტალინაბადი (historic Georgian [1929–1964]), Stalinobod - Сталинобод - ستالینآباد (historic Tajik [1929–1964]), دوشنبہ (Urdu)*, دوشنبه (Pashto)*, Ντουσαμπέ (Greek)*, துசன்பே (Tamil) |
E[]
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Elâzığ | Elazığ (Azerbaijani, Turkish alternative), Elâzığ (Turkish),[KNAB] Elazig - Елазиг (Macedonian*), Elazıı - (Gagauz), Elazık (historic Turkish, 1937), Elâzîz (Turkish, pre–1937), Elezîz - (Kurdish), Èljazyg - Элязыг (Russian),[KNAB] Elyazik‘ - Էլյազիք (Armenian alternative),[KNAB] Ḥarfūṭ - ܟܪܦܘܬ (Syriac), Mamuretülaziz (Turkish, 1866–?), Mezra (Kurdish alternative), Xarberd - Խարբերդ (Armenian), Xarpêt (Kurdish alternative, Zazaki), Xarpıt (Zazaki alternative), Xarpiyêt (Zazaki alternative), Xarpût (Kurdish alternative), الازیغ (Urdu), எலாசிக் (Tamil) |
| Erbil | Arbaelo - ܐܪܒܝܠ (Syriac), Arbela (Latin), Arbīl - اربيل (Arabic),[KNAB] Ərbil (Azerbaijani), Erbil (Turkish), Erbil - Ербил (Macedonian), Èrbilʼ - Эрбиль (Russian),[KNAB] Hewlêr - ھەولێر (Kurdish),[KNAB] Irbīl - اربيل (Arabic alternative)[KNAB], اربيل (Urdu), எர்பில் (Tamil), Arbil - আর্বিল (Bengali) |
| Erzurum | Eruzurum - Ерзурум (Macedonian*), Eruzurumu - エルズルム (Japanese)
also written as Erzerum or Erzeroum in some texts until the early 20th century, formerly known as Arzen during the Roman period, Theodosiopolis (after Theodosius I) during the Byzantine period and Karin (Կարին) in Armenian (hence Karnu-kalaki, კარნუ-ქალაქი, of the medieval Georgians), ارض روم (Urdu), எர்சுரும் (Tamil) |
| Eskişehir | Əskişəhər (Azerbaijani), Dorylaeum (Latin), Esquiceir (Portuguese), İskeşähär - Эскишехир (Tatar), Āisījīxièxīěr - 埃斯基谢希尔 (Chinese), Eskisechír - Εσκισεχίρ (Greek), Dorylaion - Δορύλαιον (Former Greek) |
F[]
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Faisalabad | Faisarābādo - ファイサラーバード (Japanese), فیصل آباد (Urdu), Faysalabad (Turkish), ஃபைசலாபாத் (Tamil), Foysalabad - ফয়সালাবাদ (Bengali), لائل پور (historic Urdu), Lyallpur (historic English changed to Faisalabad in 1977) |
| Fukuoka | Hok-kong - 福岡 (Southern Min), Dazaifu - 大宰府 (former Japanese), Phukuoka - फुकुओका (Hindi), Ḥpukuyōkā - ஃபுகுயோகா (Tamil), Phukuvēāka - ഫുകുവോക (Malayalam), Fukōkā - ෆුකෝකා (Sinhala), Hukuoka - 후쿠오카 (Korean), Fwkwoka - Фукуока (Kazakh), Phuku’ōkā - ફુકુઓકા (Gujarati), Fúgāng - 福冈 (Chinese) |
| Fushun | Fouchouen (French), Fuxi -
撫西 (alternate Chinese), Bú-sūn (Southern Min), Ū-sông (Eastern Min), Phủ Thuận (Vietnamese) |
G[]
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Gallipoli | Galipole - Галиполе (Macedonian), Galipoli - גליפולי (Hebrew)*, Galipolis (Lithuanian)*, Galipolje (Croatian*, Serbian*), Gallipoli (Dutch*, Finnish*, French*, German*, Italian*, Romanian*), Gallipolli / Kallip'olli - 갈리폴리 (Korean), Gelibolu (Turkish)*, Kallípolis - Καλλίπολις (Greek)*, گیلی بولو (Urdu), கல்லிபோலி (Tamil) |
| Ganja | Elisabethpol (former German), Elisávetpoli - Ελισάβετπολη (former Greek), Elizavetpol' - Елизаветполь (former Russian), Gandja (Danish*, French*, Portuguese*, Spanish*), Gandscha (German)*, Gandža (Estonian*, Finnish*, Lithuanian*), Gandža - Ганџа (Macedonian), Gandžā (Latvian*), Gandża (Polish)*, Gandzak - Գանձակ (Armenian)*, Ganzha - Ганжа (former Russian), Gandzja (Dutch)*, Gandzsá (Hungarian*), Ganga - ܓܢܓܐ (Syriac), Gangia (Italian)*, Ganja - განჯა (Georgian)*, Ganja - גנג׳ה (Hebrew), Ganjeh - گنجه (Persian)*, Ghianja (Romanian*), Gjandža - Гјанџа (Serbian)*, Gyandzha - Гянджа (Belarusian*, Bulgarian*, Russian*, Ukrainian*), Gəncə [Ҝәнҹә] (Azerbaijani)*, Gence - گنجه (Kurdish)*, Gence (Turkish)*, Giantzá - Γκιαντζά (Greek)*, Janzā - جنزا (Arabic*), Kirovabad - Кировабад (former Russian), گانجا (Urdu), கஞ்சா (Tamil) |
| Guangzhou | Canton (English [historic/alternate], Catalan, French, Welsh, Italian, Romanian), Cantão (Portuguese), Cantón (Spanish), * Gwóngjàu - 广州 / 廣州 (Cantonese), Gwangju - 광주 [廣州] (Korean), Guangdžou - Гуангџоу (Macedonian), Guǎngzhōu - 广州 (simplified characters) / 廣州 (traditional characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Kńg-chiu - 广州 / 廣州 (Minnan / Taiwanese), Guōng-ciŭ - 广州 / 廣州 (Mindong), Gvangjcouh (Zhuang), Kanton / Guangzhou (German), Kanton (Dutch, Finnish Polish, Turkish), Kantona - Καντόνα (Greek), Kōshū - 広州 [こうしゅう] (Japanese), Quảng Châu (Vietnamese), กวางเจา (Thai), გუანჯოუ, კანტონი (Georgian), گوانگ ژو (Urdu), குவாங்சு (Tamil), Kuyangchou - কুয়াংচৌ (Bengali) |
H[]
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Haifa | Caifa / Caiphas (former medieval crusader names, Italian), Haïfa (French), Haifa - ハイファ (Japanese), Chaifa - Χάιφα (Greek), Haifa (English, Spanish, German, Portuguese, Italian), Haifa - Хаифа (Macedonian*), Hǎifǎ - 海法 (traditional and simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Haipa - ჰაიფა (Georgian), Hajfa (Polish), Ḥayfā - حيفا (Arabic), Hayfa (Turkish, Azerbaijani), Ḥáyfa - חיפה (Hebrew), Sycaminon / Sykaminos (other names [archaic]), ܚܝܦܐ (Aramaic), حيفا (Urdu), ஹைபா (Tamil), Khayfa - Хайфа (Russian, Ukrainian), Haifa - हाइफ़ा (Hindi), Haipa - 하이파 (Korean) |
| Hanoi | Hénèi - 河内 (Mandarin Chinese), Hanoi - ハノイ (Japanese), Hanoj - Ханој (Macedonian*), 하노이 (Korean), هانوي (Arabic), Khanoy/Khanoj - Ханой (Russian), Hà Nội(Vietnamese) |
| Harbin | Harbin (English, Spanish, French, Portuguese), Harbin - Харбин (Macedonian), Hā'ěrbīn - 哈尔滨/哈爾濱 (simplified and traditional characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Harubin - ハルビン (Japanese), Ha-eolbin - 하얼빈 (Korean), Kharbin - Харбин (Russian, Mongolian), Cáp Nhĩ Tân (Vietnamese), Charmpin - Χαρμπίν (Greek) |
| Hebron | Al-Khalīl - الخليل (Arabic), Əl Xəlil (Azerbaijani), Chevrón(a) - Χεβρών(α) (Greek), El-Halil (Turkish), Halilürrahman (Ottoman Turkish), Ḥeḇrôn - חֶבְרוֹן (Hebrew [Tiberian]) Hebron (Scottish Gaelic), Hebrón (Spanish), Hebron - Хеброн (Macedonian), Hebroni - ჰებრონი (Georgian), Heburon - ヘブロン (Japanese), Ḥevron - חֶבְרוֹן (Hebrew [Standard]), Kiryat-Arba - קִרְיַת־(הְ)אַרְבַּע (ancient Hebrew),[KNAB] Xībólún - 希伯侖 / 希伯倫 / 希伯崙 (Mandarin Chinese), الخليل (Urdu), ஹெப்ரான் (Tamil), Al-Kholil - আল-খলিল (Bengali) |
| Hiroshima | Guāngdǎo - 广岛 / 廣島 (simplified and traditional characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Hirosima - 히로시마 (Korean), Hirošima - Хирошима (Macedonian*), Khirosima - Хиросима (Russian), Thành phố Hiroshima (Vietnamese), Hiroşima (Turkish) |
| Ho Chi Minh City | Gajeong - 嘉定 (archaic Korean), Gia Ðịnh - 嘉定 (archaic Vietnamese), Ho Ši Min - Хо Ши Мин (Macedonian*), Hōchimin - ホーチミン (Japanese), Nakhone hôchimin - ນະຄອນໂຮ່ຈີມ��ນ (Lao),[KNAB], Ho Chi Minh-Stad (Dutch), Hošiminas (Lithuanian), Ho Si Min Város (Hungarian), Ho Și Min (Romanian), Ho Ši Mini - ჰო ში მინი (Georgian), Ho Tsji Ming-Stad (former Dutch), Hú Zhìmíng Shì - 胡志明市 (Mandarin Chinese), Jiādìng - 嘉定 (Classical Chinese), Katei - 嘉定 (archaic Japanese), Nakhǭn Hōčhimin - นครโฮจิมินห์ (Thai),[KNAB] Ô͘ Chì-bêng Chhī 胡志明市 (Taiwanese), Prey Nôkôr - ព្រៃនគរ (Khmer),[KNAB] Sài Gòn (former Vietnamese), Saigon (former English, Catalan, Italian, former Romanian), Saigón (Spanish), Sāigung - 西貢 (former Cantonese), Sai-kòng - 西貢 (former Taiwanese), Sainggônmyo - ဆိုင်ဂုံမြို့ (Burmese),[KNAB] Saingǭn - ไซ่ง่อน (former Thai), Sajgon - Сајгон (former Macedonian), [KNAB] Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh (Vietnamese),[KNAB] Wùh Jimìhng Síh - 胡志明市 (Cantonese), Xaingon - ໄຊງ່ອນ (former Lao),[KNAB] Xīgòng - 西貢 (former Mandarin Chinese), ھوچی من شہر (Urdu), ஹோ சி மின் நகரம் (Tamil)
|
| Hohhot | Hohot - Хохот (Macedonian), Hūhéhàotè - 呼和浩特 (Mandarin Chinese), Fufuhoto - フフホト (Japanese), Huheo Hao Teo - 후허 하오 터 (Korean), Khukh-khoto - Хух-Хото (Russian), Khökh khot - Хөх хот (Mongolian), Chochot - Χοχότ (Greek) |
| Hong Kong | Chongk Kongk - Χονγκ Κονγκ (Greek), Hāńgkāńg - हांगकांग (Hindi),[KNAB] Hańkań - হংকং (Bengali),[KNAB] Hēunggóng - 香港 (Cantonese), Hiong-káng - 香港 (Minnan, Taiwanese), Hiông-kóng - 香港 (Hakka), Hong Cong (Irish, Scottish Gaelic), Hong Kong - 홍콩 (Korean alternate), Hong Kong (archaic English), Hоngkong - Хонгконг (Macedonian*), Hǭngkong - ฮ่องกง (Thai), Honkon - ホンコン / 香港 (Japanese), Honkong - Хонконг (Mongolian), Honkongo (Esperanto), * Hương Cảng or Hồng Công (Vietnamese), Hyanghang - 향항 / 香港 (Korean), Shanggang - ཤང་ཀང (Tibetan),[KNAB] Victoria (obsolete, colonial name of the city on the north shore of Hong Kong Island), Xianggang - 香港 (traditional and simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Yanghgangj (Zhuang), Hong Ķongi - ჰონგ კონგი (Georgian), ھونگ کونگ (Urdu), ஹாங்காங் (Tamil), Hónggóng -ຫ້ອງກົງ (Lao) |
| Hyderabad | Aitarāpāt - ஐதராபாத் (Tamil),[KNAB] Aitarāpāttu - ஐதராபாத்து (Tamil), Haidarābād - हैदराबाद (Hindi, Marathi),[KNAB] Haidarābād - حیدر آباد (Urdu, Farsi), Haidarābād - ഹൈദരാബാദ് (Malayalam),[KNAB] Haidarabadi - ჰაიდარაბადი (Georgian), Haidarābādu - ಹೈದರಾಬಾದು (Kannada),[KNAB] ಹೇದರಾಬಾದ್ (Kannada), Haidarābādu - హైదరాబాదు (Telugu),[KNAB] Haiderabādo - ハイデラバード (Japanese), Haidœ̄rābāt - ไฮเดอราบาด (Thai), Haidrābādu - హైద్రాబాదు (alternative Telugu),[KNAB] Haidrarābād - હૈદ્રરાબાદ (Gujarati),[KNAB] Haitarāpāt - னைதராபாத் (Tamil),[KNAB] Hajderabad - Хајдерабад (Macedonian), Haydarabad (Turkish*), Haydorābād - হায়দরাবাদ (Bengali),[KNAB] |
I[]
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Irkutsk | Erhüü - Эрхүү (Buryat and Mongolian), Irkutsk - Иркутск (Macedonian, Russian), Irkuțk (Romanian), Irkoutsk (French), Irukūtsuku - イルクーツク (Japanese), Yìěrkùcīkè - 伊爾庫茨克 (traditional characters) 伊尔库茨克 (simplified characters) (Chinese), Irkuck (Polish), ირკუტსკი (Georgian), ارکوتسک (Urdu), İrkutsk (Turkish*), இர்க்குட்ஸ்க் (Tamil) |
| Isfahan | Aspadana (Persian); Isbahan (Arabic); Gabae, Jay, Sepahan, Yahudiyya (ancient); Esfahan, Hispahan, Ispahan, Eshfahon/Ispahan - এসফাহন/ইস্পাহান (Bengali), İsfahan (Turkish*) |
| İskenderun | Alejandría (Spanish), Aleksandretta (Polish), Alessandretta (Italian), Alexandreta (Portuguese), Alexandretta (variant in English, German), Alexandrétta - Αλεξανδρέττα (Greek), Alexandria - Αλεξάνδρια (Greek), Alexandrette (variant in French, German), Alexandria (Romanian), Alexandrie* (Czech), Alexandrië (Dutch), Iskandarūn - إسكندرون (Arabic), (al-)Iskandariya (former Arabic), İskenderiye (Turkish until 1939), İskenderun (Turkish), Iskenderun - Искендерун or Aleksandreta - Александрета (Macedonian), İsgəndərun (Azerbaijani), Scanderoon (former variant in English), Isukenderun - イスケンデルン (Japanese), ისქანდერუნი (Georgian), اسكندرون (Urdu), இஸ்கெந்தரன் (Tamil) |
| Istanbul | Carigrad - Цариград / Konstantinopol - Константинопол / Stambol - Стамбол (former Macedonian*), Constantinopla (historic Spanish), Estambul (Spanish), Istamboul (French alternative), Isutanbūru - イスタンブール (Japanese), Istambul (Portuguese), Isztanbul (Hungarian), Stambul (former Romanian), Țarigrad (former Romanian), Konstantinopel (Swedish), Ыстамбұл (Kazakh), استنبول (Urdu), இஸ்தான்புல் (Tamil) |
| Izmir | Esmirna (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), Ezmirna (Ladino), Ijeumireu - 이즈미르 (Korean), İzmir (Turkish, Azerbaijani), Izmir (Dutch, Hungarian, Romanian), Izmir - Измир (Macedonian*, Russian*, Serbian), Izmira (Latvian), Izumiru - イズミル (Japanese), Smiorna (Irish), Smirna (former Romanian), Smirna - Смирна (former Macedonian, former Serbian), Smirne (Italian), Smýrni - Σμύρνη (Greek), Smyrna (Polish, variant in English), Szmirna (historic Hungarian), იზმირი (Georgian), Զմիւռնիա or Իզմիր (Armenian /Zmyurnia or Izmiř/), Yīzīmìěr 伊兹密尔 / 伊茲密爾 (Mandarin Chinese)*, ازمیر (Urdu), இஸ்மீர் (Tamil) |
J[]
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Jaipur | जयपुर (Hindi), જયપુર (Gujarati), जयपूर (Marathi), ਜੈਪੁਰ (Punjabi), জয়পুর (Bengali), ଜୟପୁର (Odisha), செய்ப்பூர் (Tamil), జైపూర్ (Telegu), 齋浦爾 (Mandarain Chinese), ജയ്പൂർ (Malayalam), Джайпур (Russian), Jaipur (Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish) |
| Jakarta | Batavia (Dutch colonial name), Betawi (former Malay, former Indonesian), Sunda Kelapa (original native name), Cakarta (Turkish), Djakarta (Dutch alternate, French, German, Romanian), Dzhakarta - Джакарта (Russian, Ukrainian), Džakarta (Croatian), Džakarta - Џакарта (Macedonian*, Serbian), Dżakarta (Polish), Dzsakarta (Hungarian), Giacarta (Italian), Ġakarta (Maltese), Iacárta (Irish), Jacarta (Portuguese), Jakaruta - ジャカルタ (Japanese), Jakareuta - 자카르타 (Korean), Jagatara - ジャガタラ (Japanese [archaic]), Τζακάρτα (Greek), ჯაკარტა (Georgian), Yǎjiādá - 雅加达 / 雅加逹 (Mandarin Chinese; simplified / traditional characters), Yakarta (Spanish), जकार्ता (Hindi), ஜகார்த்தா (Tamil), Yéjiādá - 爷加达 / 耶加逹 (Mandarin Chinese; simplified / traditional characters)
|
| Jericho | Arīħa, أريحا (Arabic, Persian), Areeha - আরীহা (Bengali), Eriha, Ceriko (Turkish), Erihon - Ерихон (Macedonian), Gerico (Italian), Iericho (Scottish Gaelic), Iericho - Ιεριχώ (Greek), Ierihon (Romanian), Ierikhon - Иерихон (Russian), Ierikoni - იერიქონი (Georgian), Ireachó (Irish), Jeeriko (Estonian), Jerichas (Lithuanian), Jericho (Czech, Dutch, German, Slovak), Jéricho (French), Jericó (Catalan, Spanish, Portuguese), Jerihon (Croatian), Jerihon - Йерихон (Bulgarian), Jerihon - Јерихон (Serbian), Jērika (Latvian), Jeriko (Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, Swedish), Jerikó (Hungarian), Jerycho (Polish) Jerykhon - Єрихон (Ukrainian), Yariho - यरीहो (Hindi), Yeriḥo - יְרִיחוֹ (Hebrew), Yeriko - イェリコ (Japanese), Yeriko - 예리코 (Korean), Yerikʿov - Երիքով (Armenian), جریکو (Urdu), ஜெரிச்சோ (Tamil), Jiélǐkē - 杰里科 / 傑里科 (Mandarin Chinese; simplified/traditional characters - modern name), Yēlìgē - 耶利哥 (Mandarin Chinese - biblical name) |
| Jeddah | جدّة - Jiddah (Arabic), Cidde (Turkish), Dschidda (German), Jedda - जेद्दा (Hindi), Djedda (Dutch), Djeddah (French), Džeda - Џеда (Macedonian*), Jedda (Spanish, Finnish), Jedda/Jidda - ジェッダ/ジッダ (Japanese), Gedda (Italian), Gidda (Catalan), Jidá (Portuguese), Ciddə (Azerbaijani), Dżudda (Polish), Džida (Lithuanian), Yidda (Spanish var.), ჯედა (Georgian), جدہ (Urdu), ஜித்தா (Tamil), Jedda/Jeddah/Jidda - জেদ্দা/জেদ্দাহ/জিদ্দা (Bengali), Zidda - জিদ্দা (Sylheti) |
| Jerusalem | Baitul Maqdis (Malays), Erusalim - Ерусалим (Macedonian*), Erusaremu - エルサレム (Japanese), Gerusalemme (Italian), Giêrusalem (Vietnamese), Giê-ru-xa-lem (former Vietnamese), Hierusalem or Hierosolyma (Latin), Iarúsailéim (Irish), Ierusalem (Scottish Gaelic), Ierusalim (Romanian), Ierusalím - Ιερουσαλήμ or Ierosólima - Ιεροσόλυμα (Greek), Ierusalimi - იერუსალიმი (Georgian), Ierusalim - Иерусалим (Russian), Jerozolima (Polish), Jerusalem (Catalan, Danish, Finnish, German, Norwegian, Swedish), Jérusalem (French), Jerúsalem, Jórsalir or Jórsalaborg (Icelandic), Jerusalém (Portuguese), Jerusalén (Spanish), Jerusalim - Йерусалим (Bulgarian), Jerusalim - Јерусалим (Serbian), Jerusalým - Єрусалим (Ukrainian), Jeruusalemm (Estonian), Jeruzalem (Croatian, Dutch, Polish (old), Slovak, Slovene), Jeruzalém (Czech), Jeruzalė (Lithuanian), Jeruzāleme (Latvian), JeruzsálemIW (Hungarian), Kudüs (Turkish), Orshalim - اورشلیم (Persian), al-Quds - القُدس / القـُدْس (Arabic), Quds (Kurdish), Quddus (Uzbek), Yarushalem - यरूशलेम (Hindi), Yēlùsālěng - 耶路撒冷IW (Mandarin Chinese), Yerusalam (Indonesian), Yerusałem - Երուսաղեմ (Armenian), Yerusəlim (Azerbaijani), Yerusallem - 예루살렘 (Korean), Yerushaláyim - יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Hebrew), Yərûšəlem - יְרוּשְׁלֶם (Aramaic), እየሩሳሌም (Amharic) Former names: Jorsal (Old Norse), یروشلم (Urdu), ஜெருசலேம் (Tamil), Al-Kudus - আল-কুদুস (Bengali) |
K[]
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Karachi | Karachi - カラチ (Japanese), कराची (Hindi), Karaçi (Turkish), Karači - Карачи (Macedonian), Karaczi (Polish), Kəraçi (Azerbaijani), ყარაჩი (Georgian), ڪراچي (Sindhi), كراچى (Urdu), Kǎlāqí - 卡拉奇 (Mandarin Chinese) Former name: Kolachi (early 19th century name), கராச்சி (Tamil), Korāchī - করাচী (Bengali), Karachī - কারাচী (Sylheti) |
| Kayseri | Caesarea (Latin), Kaiseri - カイセリ (Japanese), Kaјseri - Кајсери (Macedonian*), Kayseri (Turkish), Qeysəriyyə (Azerbaijani) Former names: Cäsarea (German), Caesarea (English), Cesarea (Italian), Kaisáreia - Καισάρεια (Greek), Mazaca (ancient name in Latin), Mazaka (ancient name in Greek), کیسری (Urdu), கைசேரி (Tamil) |
| Kerman (city) | Bardsir, Bardašir, Govāšir (Ancient);[7] كرمان (Persian) |
| Kermanshah | Bākhtarān (historic Persian), Ghahramanshahr (historic Persian), Kermanšah - Керманшах (Macedonian*), Kirmanşah (Turkish), Kerumānshā - ケルマーンシャー (Japanese), Kirmaşan (Kurdish), کرمانشاه (Persian), کرمان شاہ (Urdu), கெர்மான்ஷா (Tamil) |
| Khabarovsk | Bólì - 伯力 (alternative name in Chinese), Hābāluófūsīkè - 哈巴罗夫斯克 (Chinese), Habarobseukeu - 하바롭스크 (Korean), Habarofusuku - ハバロフスク (Japanese), Habarovsk - Хабаровск (Macedonian), خباروسکی (Urdu), கபரொவ்ஸ்க் (Tamil) |
| Kolkata | Calcuta (Catalan, Romanian, Spanish), Calcúta (Irish), Calcutá (Portuguese), Calcutta (Danish, Italian, Norwegian, Swedish), Jiā'ěrgèdá - 加爾各答 (Mandarin Chinese (traditional characters)), Kalkoúta - Καλκούτα (Greek), Kalkuta (Serbian, Polish), Kalküta (Turkish), Kalkuta - Калкута (former Macedonian), Kalkutta (Finnish, German), Kalʼkutta - Калькутта (Russian), Kəlküttə (Azerbaijani), Ka-ní-kok-tap - 加爾各答 (Hokkien/Taiwanese), Korukata - コルカタ (Japanese), কলকাতা / কলিকাতা (Bengali), კალკუტა (Georgian), कोलकाता (Hindi, current), कलकत्ता (Hindi, traditional), കൊല്ക്കത്ത (Malayalam), கொல்கத்தா (Tamil) Former name: Calcutta (English, French), Kholkhata - খলখাটা (Sylheti), کلکتہ (Urdu), Kolkata- Колката (Macedonian*), Karukatta - カルカッタ (Japanese) |
| Kota Kinabalu | Kotakinabaru - コタキナバル (Japanese), Kota Kinabalu - Кота Кинабалу (Macedonian*) Former names: Api (colonial Japanese name), A-pì - 亞庇 (Hokkien), Api-Api (former Malay), Jesselton (colonial English name), Yàbì - 亞庇 (Mandarin Chinese [traditional]), کوٹا کنا بالو (Urdu), கோத்தா கினபாலு (Tamil) |
| Kuala Lumpur | Jílóngpō - 吉隆坡 (Mandarin Chinese), Kouala Loumpou (Créole), Kúala Lúmpúr (Icelandic), Kuala Lumpur - Куала Лумпур (Macedonian*), Kuala-Lumpur - Куала-Лумпур (Russian, Ukrainian), Kuala-Lumpuro (Esperanto), Kuararumpūru - クアラルンプール (Japanese), Kvala Lumpūras (Lithuanian), კუალა ლუმპური (Georgian), கோலாலம்பூர் (Tamil), کوالا لومپور (Urdu) |
| Kuwait City | Former names: Al-Kuwayt, Al Quaat, Graen, Grain, Grane, Grave, Koweit, Kuwet, Kuweit, Quade, Qurein,[8][9][10][11] مدينة الكويت (Arabic) Cathair Chuibhèit (Scottish Gaelic), Ciudad de Kuwait (Spanish), Kuvajt - Кувајт (Macedonian*), Kuvajto (Esperanto), குவைத் நகரம் (Tamil) |
| Kyoto | Gyeongdo - 경도 [京都] (Korean), Gyoto - 교토 (Korean), Jīngdū - 京都 (Mandarin Chinese (traditional and simplified characters)), Kiaⁿ-to͘ - 京都 (Hokkien/Taiwanese*), Kioto (Afrikaans, Basque, Dutch, Esperanto, Finnish, Polish, Spanish), Киото (Russian), Kijotas (Lithuanian), Kjoto - Кјото (Macedonian*), Kyōto - 京都 [きょうと] (Japanese*), Quioto (Galician, Portuguese), کیو تو (Urdu), கியோட்டோ (Tamil), |
| Kyzyl | Belocarsk - Белоцарск (Russian [pre-1918]),[KNAB] Belotsarsk (English [pre-1918]), Kěnmùbìqíěr - 肯木畢其爾 (Mandarin Chinese [Taiwan usage]),[12] Kèzīlēi - 克孜勒 (Mandarin Chinese* (traditional and simplified characters)), Khem Belder (English [1918-1926]),[13] Kijil - 키질 (Korean*), Kijil Qota - ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ (Classical Mongolian), Kizil - Кизил (Macedonian, Mongolian[KNAB]), Kīzīl - كيزيل (Arabic*), Kızıl (Turkish*), Kizil Khoto (obsolete English variant),[13] Kizila - किज़िल (Hindi*), Krasnyj - Красный (Russian [unofficial variant 1920-1926]),[KNAB] Kyzyl (English, French*, Spanish*), Kyzyl - Кызыл (Belarusian*, Buryat, Mongolian*, Russian*, Yakut), Kyzyl - Кизил (Ukrainian*), Kyzyl-Khoto (former English variant),[14] Kuzuru - クズル (Japanese*), Qızıl - Қызыл (Kazakh*), Qizil - قىزىل (Uyghur),[KNAB] Qızıl - Кызыл (Tatar*), Qıźıl - Ҡыҙыл (Bashkir),[KNAB] Qyzyl - Къызыл (Karachay-Balkar,[KNAB] Kumyk[KNAB]), Urjanxajsk - Урянхайск (Russian [unofficial variant 1918-1920]), Xem Beldiri - Хем Белдири (Tuvan [1918-1926]),[KNAB] Xem-Beldyr - Хем-Белдыр (Russian [1918-1926])[KNAB], قزل (Urdu), கிசில் (Tamil) |
L[]
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Lahore | لاہور (Urdu), लाहौर (Hindi), লাহোর (Bengali), ლაჰორი (Georgian), Λαχώρης (Greek), ละฮ อร์ (Thai), לאַכאָ (Yiddish), Lahor (Turkish*), Laxor - Лахор (Ukrainian), లాహోర్ (Telugu), ಲಾಹೋರ್ (Kannada), லாகூர் (Tamil), Լահոր (Armenian), Láhaur (Slovak), લાહોર (Gujrati), 拉合尔 (simplified characters), 拉合爾 (traditional characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Láhaur (Czech), Lahor - Лахор (Macedonian*), Lakhor - Лахор (Russian), Lahore (English, French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Latin, Estonian, Filipino, Finnish, Dutch, Danish, German, Croatian, Irish), लहोरे (Nepali), ラホール (Japanese), Raholleu - 라호르 (Korean)
|
| Lhasa | Lhasa (English, French, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese), Lhāsa - ल्हासा (Hindi), Lāsà - 拉萨 / 拉薩 (simplified and traditional characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Rasa - ラサ (Japanese), Lasa - 라사 (Korean), Lasa - Ласа (Macedonian), Lkhasa - Лхаса (Russian) |
| Lucknow | लखनऊ (Hindi), লখনউ (Bengali), ਲਖਨਊ (Punjabi), લખનૌ (Gujarati), ଲକ୍ଷ୍ନୌ (Odisha), இலக்னோ (Tamil), Лакхнау (Russian), Lucknow (Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Tagalog, Vietnamese), 勒克瑙 (Mandarin Chinese) |
M[]
| English Name | Other names or former names |
|---|---|
| Macau | Aomen - 澳门 (Mandarin Chinese, Simplified), Maa Gau - 馬交 (Cantonese (traditional characters), informal), Macao (Italian, French, Romanian, Spanish), Macau (Dutch, English, German, Portuguese), Macàthu (Scottish Gaelic), Makao - マカオ / 澳門 (Japanese), Makao (Finnish, Polish, Serbian, Turkish), Makao - Макао (Macedonian*), O Mun - 澳門 (Cantonese (traditional characters)), Omun - 오문 [澳門] (Korean), მაკაო (Georgian), 마카오 (Korean alternate), ما کاؤ (Urdu), மக்காவ் (Tamil)
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| Makassar | Macassar (Portuguese, English variant), Makasar (Dutch, Polish, Norwegian var.), Makasar - Макасар (Macedonian), Makasaras (Lithuanian), Makassaru - マカッサル (Japanese), Mangkasara′ - ᨆᨀᨔᨑ -
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