List of philosophers born in the centuries BC

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Philosophers born in the centuries BC (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:

Note: This list has a minimal criterion for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.

A[]

  • Aenesidemus, (1st century BC)[d]
  • Agastya,(c.1000 BCE)
  • Alcibiades, (c. 450-404 BC)
  • Alcmaeon of Croton, (5th century BC)[b][c][d][e]
  • Anacharsis, (6th century BC)
  • Anaxagoras, (died 462 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]*
  • Anaxarchus, (fl. 340 BC)[d]
  • Anaxilaus, (1st century BC)
  • Anaximander, (c. 610-c. 546 BC)[a][b][c][d]
  • Anaximenes of Miletus, (585-525 BC)[a][b][c][d]
  • Andronicus of Rhodes, (c. 70 BC)[a]
  • Angiras, (c. 11th century BC)
  • Anniceris, (fl. 300 BC)[a]
  • Akspada Gautama,(8th century bc)
  • Antiochus of Ascalon, (c. 130-68 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Antiphon, (480-403 BC)[d]
  • Antisthenes, (c. 444-365 BC)[b][c][d]
  • Arcesilaus, (316-241 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Archimedes, (d. 212 BC)
  • Archytas, (428-347 BC)[a][d][e]
  • Aristippus the Elder of Cyrene, (c. 435-366 BC)[b][c][d]
  • Aristo of Chios, (fl. 250 BC)[d]
  • Aristotle, (384 BC-322 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Aristoxenus, (4th century BC)
  • Asclepiades of Bithynia, (129-40 BC)
  • Ashvapati, (c. 1000 BC)
  • Ashtavakra, (c. 1000 BC)
  • Titus Pomponius Atticus, (110-32 BC)

B[]

  • Bādarāyaņa, (c. 3rd century BC)
  • Blossius, (2nd century BC)
  • Gautama Buddha, (6th century BC)

C[]

  • Callicles, (late 5th century BC)[d][e]
  • Carneades, (c. 214-129 BC)[b][c][d][e]
  • Cārvāka, (c. 200-150 BC)
  • Cebes of Thebes, (5th century BC)
  • Chaerephon, (c. 460-c. 400 BC)
  • Chanakya (or Kautilya) (321-296 BC)[d]
  • Chao Cuo (c. 200-154 BC)
  • Chia Yi (or Jia Yi or Chia I), (201-169 BC)[a][d]
  • Chrysippus, (279-207 BC)[b][c][d]
  • Cicero, (106 BC-43 BC)[a][b][c][d]
  • Cleanthes, (301-232 BC)[d]
  • Cleobulus, (fl. 560 BC)
  • Clitomachus, (187-109 BC)
  • Confucius, (551 BC-479 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Crantor, (4th century BC)
  • Crates of Thebes, (4th century BC)
  • Cratylus of Athens, (c. 400 BC)[b][c][d]

D[]

  • Democritus, (born 460 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Dirghatamas (14th century BCE)
  • Deng Xi (501 BC)
  • Diagoras, (5th century BC)
  • Dandamis (4th Century BCE)
  • Diodorus Cronus, (3rd century BC)[c][d][e]
  • Diogenes Apolloniates, (c. 460 BC)[d]
  • Diogenes the Cynic of Sinope, (412-323 BC)[b][c][d]
  • Dong Zhongshu (or Tung Chung-shu), (c. 176-c. 104 BC)[a][d]

E[]

  • Ellopion of Peparethus, (4th century BC)
  • Empedocles, (490 BC-430 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Epicharmus, (c. 540-450 BC)[d]
  • Epicurus, (341 BC-270 BC)[b][c][d][e]
  • Epimenides, (6th century BC)
  • Eubulides of Miletus, (4th century BC)
  • Euclid of Alexandria, (c. 323-283 BC)
  • Euclid of Megara, (c. 400 BC)
  • Eudoxus of Cnidus, (410 or 408 BC-355 or 347 BC)[a][d]

F[]

G[]

  • Gaozi, (c. 420 BC)[a]
  • Gautama, Aksapada, (c. 2nd century BC)[d]
  • Gautama, Siddhartha (or Buddha), (ca. 563-483 BC)[a][c][d]
  • Gargi Vachaknavi (8th century BCE)
  • Geminus, (c. 110-c. 40 BC)
  • Gongsun Longzi, (c. 300 BC)[a]
  • Ghosha (8th century BCE)
  • Gorgias, (c. 483-375 BC)[a][b][c][d]
  • Guan Zhong (or Kuan Tzu or Kwan Chung or Guanzi) (740-645 BC)[a][d]
  • Guiguzi

H[]

  • Han Fei, (d. 233 BC)
  • Hecato of Rhodes, (135-50 BC)
  • Hegesias of Cyrene, (c. 300 BC)
  • Heraclides Ponticus, (387-312 BC)[d]
  • Heraclitus of Ephesus, (ca. 535-475 BC)[a][b][c][d]
  • Hicetas, (400-335 BC)
  • Hipparchia of Maroneia, (4th century BC)
  • Hippasus, (c. 500 BC)
  • Hippias, (5th century BC)[d]
  • Hippocrates, (460-380 BC)[a][b][c]
  • Hsu Hsing, (c. 300 BC)[a]
  • Huai Nun Tzu (or Huainanzi or Liu An), (179-122 BC)[a][d]
  • Hui Shi, (4th century BC)[a]

I[]

  • Isocrates, (436-338 BC)[a]

J[]

K[]

  • Kapila, (c. 6th century BC)
  • Kanada, (c. 2nd century BC)

L[]

  • Lao Zi (or Lao Tzu), (4th century BC)[a][b][c][e]
  • Leucippus, (5th century BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Li Kui (455 BC-395 BC)
  • Li Si, (c. 280-208 BC)
  • Liezi (or Lieh Tzu), (c. 440 BC-c. 360 BC)[a][c]
  • Lu Ban (507-440 BC)
  • Lucretius, (c. 99-55 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]

M[]

  • Mahavira, (599-527 BC)[a][d]
  • Makkhali Gosala ,(6th century BC)
  • Melissus of Samos, (late 5th century BC)[a][b][c][d]
  • Mencius (or Meng K'o or Meng-tzu or Mengzi), (372-289 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Markandeya , (c.1000BCE)
  • Menedemus, (c. 350-278 BC)
  • Maitreyi (8th century BCE)
  • Metrocles, (c. 300 BC)
  • Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the elder), (5th century BC)
  • Metrodorus of Chios, (4th century BC)
  • Metrodorus of Lampsacus (the younger), (331-278 BC)
  • Metrodorus of Stratonicea, (late 2nd century BC)
  • Mozi (or Mo Tzu, or Mo Ti, or Micius), (c. 470-c. 390 BC)[a][c][d]

N[]

  • Nagasena (born 150 BC)

O[]

  • Ostanes, Iranian alchemist mage

P[]

  • Parshvanatha,(8th century BC)
  • Panaetius, (c. 185-c. 110 BC)[d]
  • Pāṇini, (c. 600-500 BC)
  • Parashara (c.1200 BCE)
  • Parmenides, (5th century BC)[a][b][c][d]
  • Pañcaśikha (6th century BCE)
  • Parshva, (c. 877-777 BC)
  • Patañjali, (2nd century BC)[d]
  • Payasi (6th century BCE)
  • Pippalada,(6th Century BC)
  • Pherecydes of Syros, (6th century BC)
  • Philo Judaeus of Alexandria, (20 BC-AD 40)[a][b][c][d]
  • Philo of Larissa, (1st century BC)[d][e]*
  • Philo the Dialectician, (c. 300 BC)[b][c][d]
  • Philodemus of Gadara, (1st century BC)[d][e]*
  • Philolaus of Croton, (c. 480-c. 405 BC)[a][d][e]
  • Pingala, (c. 4th century BC)
  • Plato, (c. 427 BC-c. 347 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Polyaenus of Lampsacus, (died 278 BC)
  • Posidonius, (c. 135-51 BC)[d]
  • Prodicus, (c. 450-399 BC)[d]
  • Protagoras, (c. 481-420 BC)[b][c][d]
  • Purana Kassapa (6th century BCE)
  • Pakudha Kaccayana (6th century BCE)
  • Pyrrho, (c. 360-c. 270 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Pythagoras, (c. 570 BC- c. 495 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]

Q[]

R[]

S[]

  • Śāriputra (6th century BCE)
  • Seneca the Younger, (c. 4 BC-AD 65)[b][c][d]
  • Shang Yang (or Gongsun Yang), (d. 338 BC)[a]
  • Shvetaketu,(9th century BCE)
  • Shen Buhai, (d. 337 BC)[a]
  • Shen Dao (or Shen Tzu), (c. 350-275 BC)[a]
  • Shvetashvatara, (c. 4th century BC)
  • Socrates, (470 BC-399 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Solomon, (970-931 BC)
  • Shukracharya (8th century BCE)
  • Speusippus, (410-339 BC)[b][c][d][e]
  • Stilpo, (380-330 BC)
  • Strato of Lampsacus, (c. 340-c. 268 BC)[a][d]
  • Sun Tzu, (4th century BC)
  • (or Sung Tzu), (360-290 BC)[a]
  • Su Qin (380-284 BC)

T[]

  • Thales, (c. 635 BC-543 BC)[a][b][c][d]
  • Theodorus of Cyrene, (c. 340-c. 250 BC)
  • Theophrastus, (372-287 BC)[b][c][d]
  • Thrasymachus, (5th century BC)[a][c][d][e]
  • Thucydides, (c. 460-c. 400 BC)[d]
  • Timaeus of Locri, (5th century BC)
  • Timon of Phlius, (c. 300 BC)[d][e]
  • Tiruvalluvar, (c. 1st century BC–2nd century CE)

U[]

  • Uddalaka Aruni (c. 1000 BC)

V[]

  • Vasishtha (12th century BCE)
  • Vyasa

W[]

X[]

  • Xenocrates, (396-314 BC)[b][c][d][e]
  • Xenophanes of Colophon, (570-480 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]
  • Xenophon, (427-355 BC)[a][d]
  • Xun Zi (or Hsun Tzu), (c. 310-237 BC)[a][b][c][d][e]*
  • Xu Xing

Y[]

  • Yajnavalkya, (fl. c. 7th century BC)
  • Yang Chu, (370-319 BC)[a][d]
  • Yang Xiong (or Yang Hsiung) (53 BC-AD 18)[a][d]

Z[]

  • Zengzi (505 BC-436 BC)
  • Zeno of Citium (333 BC-264 BC)[b][c][d]
  • Zeno of Elea (c. 495 BC-c. 430 BC)[b][c][d]
  • Zeno of Sidon (1st century BC)
  • Zeno of Tarsus (3rd century BC)
  • Zhang Yi (c. 329-309 BC)
  • Zhuang Zi (or Chuang Tzu or Chuang Chou), (c. 300 BC)[a][b][c][e]
  • Zichan (522 BC)
  • Zisi (c. 481-402 BC)
  • Zoroaster
  • Zou Yan (3rd century BC)[a]

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, (Second Edition). Cambridge University Press; 1999. ISBN 0-521-63722-8
  2. The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, Oxford University Press; 1995. ISBN 0-19-866132-0
  3. The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, Oxford University Press; 2005. ISBN 0-19-926479-1
  4. Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge; 2000. ISBN 0-415-22364-4
  5. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

See also[]

List of philosophers

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