List of political parties in New Zealand

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New Zealand national politics have featured a pervasive party system since the early 20th century. Usually, all members of Parliament's unicameral House of Representatives belong to a political party. Independent MPs do not occur often.

While two major parties have dominated the New Zealand national political landscape for decades, the introduction of proportional representation in 1996 led to a more multi-party state, as smaller parties can now reasonably expect to gain seats in government. Currently (as of July 2020), five parties have representatives in Parliament.

History[]

New Zealand's party system did not arise until the late 1800s. Prior to this, members of Parliament stood as independent candidates, and while some MPs joined factions, these typically were formed around prominent individuals such as Julius Vogel, and did so after election not before.[1]

The Liberal Party, which was formed in 1891, was New Zealand's first 'modern' political party.[2] It was the country's sole political party until the formation of the more conservative Reform Party in 1909.[1]

The Labour Party formed in 1916 and by 1919 these three parties dominated New Zealand politics.[1] Gradually, Liberal and Reform found themselves working together more often, mostly in opposition to the growing Labour Party.[citation needed] After Labour won office in 1935,[1] the Liberals (then known as the United Party) and Reform came together in 1936 to form the National Party.[3] Labour and National currently exist as the two main parties of New Zealand politics.

Over the years, a number of third parties or so-called minor parties developed, notably the Social Credit Party, the New Zealand Party, the Values Party, and the Alliance. However, the first past the post (FPP) electoral system meant that regardless of how many votes a party gained nationwide, it could not win a seat without a plurality in a particular electorate (voting district). For example, the Social Credit Party won over 11% of the votes cast in the 1954 New Zealand general election but did not have a plurality in any electorate so won no seats. Similarly, in the 1984 New Zealand general election the New Zealand Party received over 12% of the votes cast but also won no seats. Under such conditions, minor parties mostly performed poorly in terms of making an impact in Parliament.

In 1993, the Electoral Act 1993 was passed, introducing the mixed-member proportional (MMP) electoral system for the 1996 election. Now, any party that won at least 5% of the party vote entered Parliament, as well as the previous electorate pathway.[4] This made it much easier for smaller parties to enter Parliament, but more difficult to gain elected as a non-party independent.[citation needed] Since the change to MMP, Parliament has had at least five parties represented at any time.

Registration of parties[]

Political parties in New Zealand can be either registered or unregistered. Registered parties must have five-hundred paying members, each eligible to vote in general elections.

If a party registers, it may submit a party list, enabling it to receive party votes in New Zealand's MMP electoral system. Unregistered parties can only nominate candidates for individual electorates.

Registered political parties are also able to spend up to $1 million during the campaign for the party vote. All political parties are able to spend $20,000 per electorate seat.[needs update][citation needed]

Current parties[]

Parties represented in Parliament[]

There are five parliamentary parties in the 53rd New Zealand Parliament.[5] The default order of this list corresponds to the number of MPs they currently have.[6]

Party Leader(s) Founded Represented Political position Description Seats
Labour Party Jacinda Ardern 1916 1916–present Centre-left Labour is usually described as a social democratic party. Founded in 1916, it is the oldest extant party in New Zealand. It supports a mixed economy, with higher taxation for the upper class, levied to fund its social programmes.[7]
65 / 120
National Party Judith Collins[8] 1936 1936–present Centre-right National is commonly described as an economically liberal and socially conservative party. Founded in 1936, it has traditionally been Labour's main opponent. National supports a market economy and lower taxation, particularly as a stimulus for private enterprise.[9]
33 / 120
Green Party James Shaw and Marama Davidson 1990 1997–present Left-wing In accordance with the charter of the Global Greens, the Green Party advocates "ecological wisdom, social responsibility, appropriate decision making, and nonviolence".[10] The party has an environmentalist platform, and also promotes progressive social policies.[11]
10 / 120
ACT David Seymour 1994 1996–present Right-wing As a classical-liberal party ACT promotes free-market economics, low taxation, and reduced government expenditure.[12][13] It sees itself as promoting "accountability and transparency in government".
10 / 120
Māori Party Rawiri Waititi and Debbie Ngarewa-Packer 2004 2004–2017
2020–present 		Centre-left A party that advocates for the concerns of New Zealand's indigenous Māori, Māori Party formed in 2004 around Tariana Turia, a former minister of the Labour Party. It promotes what it sees as "the rights and interests of Māori".[14]
2 / 120

Registered parties outside Parliament[]

Parties listed in alphabetical order:[15]

Party Leader(s) Founded Represented Description
Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party Maki Herbert and Michael Appleby 1996 A single-issue party dedicated to the legalisation of cannabis.[16]
Heartland New Zealand Party Mark Ball 2020 The party is rural-based, and opposes the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme, the Paris Agreement, and any attempts to limit the environmental impacts of agriculture.[17]
New Conservative Vacant 2011 A fiscally and socially conservative party advocating stricter law and order policies, repeal of the Emissions Trading Scheme, and the use of binding referenda.
NZ First Winston Peters 1993 1993–2008
2011–2020 		A nationalist, populist party. It aims "To put New Zealand and New Zealanders First", and has advanced restrictive immigration policies. The party supports benefits for senior citizens, and advocates buying back former state-owned enterprises.[18]
ONE Party Edward Shanly and Stephanie Harawira 2020 ONE Party describes itself as a strong Christian voice championing Godly values, promoting "Righteousness, Justice, Truth & Freedom".
New Zealand Outdoors Party Alan Simmons and Sue Grey 2015 A party advocating protection of NZ's outdoor heritage.
Social Credit Party Chris Leitch 1953 1966–69
1978–1987 		A political party that advocates for social credit monetary reform.[19]
The Opportunities Party (TOP) Shai Navot 2016 A party supporting evidence-based policy, "a prosperous, fair and equitable society", and environmental sustainability.
Sustainable New Zealand Party Vernon Tava 2019 Established by Vernon Tava, the party describes itself as centrist and environmentally focussed, and would be willing to work with both National and Labour.[20]
Tea Party New Zealand John Hong and Susanna Kruger 2020 Socially democratic, fiscally conservative, anti-racist.[21]
Vision NZ Hannah Tamaki 2019 A Christian, right-wing populist political party. Originally named Coalition New Zealand, it was created by Hannah and Brian Tamaki, leaders of the Destiny Church.[22]

Unregistered parties[]

Because New Zealand does not require political parties to be registered, any person can announce a political party, though may not receive media coverage or go on to contest an election. It can also be difficult to determine when such parties have ceased operating or moved away from politics. The list below lists active, notable parties, such as those that intend to contest the next general election.

Party Leader(s) Founded Represented Description
Attica Project Mike Iles and Michael Kay 2020 An anti-neoliberal party.[23]
Communist League 1969 A communist party aligned with the Pathfinder tendency. The party was originally called the Socialist Action League, but changed its name when it rejected Trotskyism and adopted a pro-Cuba stance. The party stands a small number of candidates in general elections.
Harmony Network NZ 2020
The Integrity Party of Aotearoa New Zealand (TIPANZ) Helen Cartwright 2020 Progressive-centrist party.[24]
Mana Movement Hone Harawira 2011 2011–14 A party addressing the concerns of New Zealand's indigenous Māori minority. Its manifesto indicates a wish to "guarantee a measure of people power and accountability from its MPs". It supports left-wing social policies. In 2014 it contested the general election as part of an alliance called the Internet Party and Mana Movement.
Money Free Party Richard Osmaston 2014 A party advocating for a resource-based economy, a world of free access where all work is voluntary. It stood candidates in the 2014 and 2017 general elections as well as some local elections.
New Zealand People's Party Anil Sharma 2015 A component party of Advance New Zealand.[25] A party with a focus on representing Chinese and Indian voters and a law and order platform. The People's Party was a registered party from 2015 to 2019, then in 2020 it became a component party of Advance.
Not A Party 2015 A party advocating voluntaryism.
Progressive Party of Aotearoa New Zealand Bruce Dyer 2020 A progressive party supporting the Progressive Utilization Theory of Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, economic democracy and the transformation of large businesses into cooperatives.
Socialist Aotearoa Anu Kaloti 2008 A revolutionary socialist party. They hold strong pro-immigration, pro-refugee, anti-war and anti-racism stances.

Historical parties[]

Parties that held seats[]

Party Founded Disbanded In Parliament Description
Liberal Party 1891 1927 1891–1927 New Zealand's first political party. It provided the country with a number of prominent Prime Ministers, including John Ballance and Richard Seddon. With much of its traditional support undercut by the growing Labour Party, the remnants of the Liberals (known as the United Party) eventually merged with the Reform Party to form the modern National Party.
New Liberal Party 1905 1908 1905–1908 A party formed by Liberal Party dissidents. Its members were opposed to Liberal leader, Richard Seddon, seeing him as an autocrat. The party proposed a more "progressive" policy seeing the current Liberal policy as too cautious and orthodox. The New Liberal's lost much support after the infamous "voucher incident", leaving them discredited.
Independent Political Labour League 1905 1910 1908–1910 A small and short-lived left-wing party. It was the second organised party to win a seat in Parliament, with David McLaren winning the seat of Wellington East. In Parliament, the IPLL co-operated with the governing Liberal Party.
Reform Party 1909 1936 1909–1936 New Zealand's second major political party, established as a more conservative opponent to the Liberal Party. Its founder, William Massey, became its most prominent leader. It eventually merged with its former rivals, United, to form the modern National Party.
Labour Party (original) 1910 1912 1910–1912 A short-lived successor to the Independent Political Labour League. It functioned as one of the more moderate workers' parties, opposing more radical groups like the Socialist Party. It should not be confused with the modern Labour Party, although a certain degree of continuity links the two.
United Labour Party 1912 1916 1912–1916 A reformed continuation of the original Labour Party. The party existed only a short time before merging with the Socialist Party to form the Social Democratic Party, although a faction rejected the new SDP as too extreme and continued on under the United Labour Party banner eventually likewise merging in 1916.
Social Democratic Party 1913 1922 1913–1916 An early left-wing party established at a "Unity Congress" in July 1913 as an attempt to bring together the various labour groups of the time. The party eventually amalgamated with the modern Labour Party.
Country Party 1922 1938 1928–1938 A party established by members of the Farmers' Union to promote the interests of the rural sector. It reflected to an extent social credit monetary theory, and believed that farmers were not treated fairly by banks and the corporate world.
United Party 1927 1936 1927–1936 A party formed from the remnants of the Liberal Party. United governed between 1928 and 1935, initially with Labour support and later in coalition with the Reform Party. It eventually merged with Reform to establish the modern National Party.
Democratic Labour Party 1940 1949 1940–1943 A splinter from the Labour Party led by dissident MP John A. Lee. Lee, a socialist and social creditist, believed that the Labour Party had moved too far from its left-wing roots. The Labour Party hierarchy had expelled him after he repeatedly criticised its leadership.
NewLabour Party 1989 2000 1989–1991 A left-wing party established by former Labour MP Jim Anderton. It contested one election before joining with several other parties to establish the Alliance.
Christian Heritage NZ 1990 2006 1999 A party that advocates Christian conservative values. It supported policies to strengthen marriage and opposed abortion and same-sex unions.
Alliance 1991 2015 1991–2002 A left-wing party supporting the welfare state, free education, environmental protection, and Māori interests. The Progressive Party formed as a splinter group from the Alliance when Jim Anderton, former Alliance leader, left.
Liberal Party 1991 1998 1991-1992 A short-lived splinter from the National Party, formed by Hamish McIntyre and Gilbert Myles, two dissident National MPs who disagreed with the economic policies of Ruth Richardson. The Liberal Party quickly joined the Alliance, which the two saw as the principal opponent of Richardson and her ideological allies.
New Zealand Conservative Party 1994 1996 1994–1996 Initially called the Right of Centre Party, it was founded by breakaway National MP, Ross Meurant. After the general election of 1996, the remnants of the party amalgamated with the United Party.
Future New Zealand 1994 1995 1994–1995 A short-lived party established by Peter Dunne after he left the Labour Party. It integrated into the United New Zealand party. Not to be confused with a later party of the same name.
Christian Democrats 1995 1998 1995–1996 A Christian party established by sitting National MP Graeme Lee. After briefly establishing the Christian Coalition (see above) with the Christian Heritage Party, the Christian Democrats secularised themselves, adopting the name "Future New Zealand". Future New Zealand merged with United (see below) to form United Future New Zealand.
United New Zealand 1995 2000 1995–2000 A centrist party established by moderate MPs from both National and Labour. The party did not achieve electoral success, with only one of the seven founding MPs managing to remain in Parliament. United later merged with the Future New Zealand party to form the modern United Future New Zealand.
Mana Wahine Te Ira Tangata 1998 2001 1998–1999 A short-lived Māori feminist party established by Alliance (Mana Motuhake) defector Alamein Kopu. The party contested only one general election before vanishing.
Mauri Pacific 1999 2001 1999 A party established by several New Zealand First MPs shortly after a coalition between New Zealand First and the National Party broke down. Mauri Pacific remained allied to the National government, giving it crucial support, but none of the party's MPs gained re-election in the 1999 election.
United Future 2000 2017 2000–2017 A centrist party, originally with a strong Christian background: it described its platform as "common sense". It had a particular focus on policies concerning the family and social issues.
Progressive Party 2002 2012 2002–2011 A left-wing party with a focus on job creation and regional development, formed by Jim Anderton after his split from the Alliance.
Pacific Party 2008 2010 2008 A small party established by Taito Phillip Field aimed at advancing Pacific Peoples, as well as Christian and family values and social justice.
NZ Independent Coalition 2014 2016 2012–2014 A party emphasising local electorate representation, formed by MP Brendan Horan who became independent from New Zealand First in 2012.

Parties that never held seats[]

Because New Zealand does not require political parties to be registered, any person can announce a political party, though may not receive media coverage or go on to contest an election. It can also be difficult to determine when such parties have ceased operating or moved away from politics. The list below is limited to notable parties understood to no longer be operating.

Parties listed by date of founding:

Party Existed Description
Socialist Party 1901–1913 One of the more prominent Marxist parties in early New Zealand, strongly associated with the Federation of Labour (the "Red Fed"). It eventually merged with the more moderate United Labour Party to form the Social Democratic Party.
Communist Party 1929–1994 Probably New Zealand's most prominent and long-lived communist organisation. The party generally pursued hard-line doctrines, successively following Stalin's Soviet Union, Mao Zedong's China, and Enver Hoxha's Albania. In 1993, the party moderated its stance, adopting Trotskyism. It later merged with another party to form the group now known as Socialist Worker.
New Zealand Legion 1930–1934? A short-lived crypto-fascist political movement advocating conservative political reform and opposition to party politics and state bureaucracy. It was associated with John Ormond and later Robert Campbell Begg and did not see itself as a political party.
World Socialist Party 1930–1996 A party established by former members of the , a Marxist group. Its founders created it as an alternative to the mainstream labour movement, claiming that the Labour Party had moved too far from its left-wing roots. The World Socialist Party was rebranded from its founding name; the Socialist Party.
Democrat Party 1934–1936 A party established to promote the interests of the commercial sector and to oppose "socialist" legislation. The party contested the 1935 election, but failed to win any seats. Ironically, the votes which the Democrats took from the governing coalition may have assisted the victory of the left-wing Labour Party that year. The Democrat Party should not be confused with the modern Democratic Party.
People's Movement 1940–? A right-wing organisation which supported reductions in the size of government and a reform of the party system. It was a strong supporter of individualism, saying that the government of the time was advocating the subordination of the individual to the state.
Real Democracy Movement 1942–? A Social Credit theory based party which advocated economic security combined with individual liberty. It also advocated that all returned servicemen should be paid the average wage until they were re-integrated into civil employment.
Co-operative Party 1942–1943? A short-lived party established by Albert Davy, a prominent anti-socialist political organiser. It was primarily a breakaway from the larger People's Movement, and Davy rejoined the Movement the year after the Co-operative Party was established.
Phoenix Party 1960s–1970s A small Dunedin-based grouping, founded by Gerald Williams, who saw the then Labour Party as moribund and in need of a phoenix-like resurrection. Williams became an effective propagandist, penning campaign literature disguised as parodies of well-known songs. He later transferred his efforts to the Values Party.
Liberal Party 1962–? A party which campaigned in the 1963 election on a platform of reducing the size of the government, introducing a written constitution, and restoring the upper house of Parliament.
Socialist Unity Party 1966–? A splinter group of the Communist Party (see above). It was formed by Communist Party members who rejected their party's decision to take China's side in the Sino-Soviet split. The Socialist Unity Party became one of the more prominent communist parties in New Zealand.
Republican Party 1967–1974 A party established to promote the creation of a New Zealand Republic. It was founded by left-wing activist Bruce Jesson, and was the product of the Republican Association, an anti-royal protest group founded by Jesson in 1966.
National Front 1968–? A far-right, ultranationalist and white nationalist organisation.[26] It acted as a political party around the 2000s.
Country Party 1969–1972? A revival of the earlier Country Party from the 1920s and 1930s established by Clifford Stanley Emeny to contest the 1969 election advocating for rural interests. The party was rebranded the Liberal Reform Party in 1970 and contested the 1972 election under this name.
National Socialist Party 1969–? A party founded by prominent far-right activist Colin King-Ansell. It is sometimes considered the first noteworthy far-right party in New Zealand.
Values Party 1972–1990 Sometimes called the world's first national-level green party. Elements of the Values Party eventually contributed to the formation of the modern Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand.
New Democratic Party 1972–1973 A short-lived splinter group of the Social Credit Party, founded by ousted Social Credit leader John O'Brien. It placed fifth in the 1972 election, but failed to win any seats.
Imperial British Conservative Party 1974–? A joke party founded by Ian Brackenbury Channell, better known as "The Wizard of New Zealand". True to its name, it claimed to support imperialism, British people, and conservatism.
Mana Motuhake 1979–2005 The most prominent Māori-based party until the creation of the modern Māori Party. Mana Motuhake held a number of seats as part of the Alliance (see above), but most of its support has now been incorporated into the Māori Party.
McGillicuddy Serious Party 1983–1999 A joke party intended to satirise politics in general. Among other deliberately absurd policies it advocated the "Great Leap Backwards", a project to reverse the industrial revolution and to re-establish a medieval way of life.
New Zealand Party 1983–1987 A party established by property tycoon Bob Jones to promote free market economic policies and liberal social policies. It gained twelve percent of the vote in its first election, but then vanished almost completely. Some regard the modern ACT party as the New Zealand Party's ideological successor, but not everyone accepts this view.
Socialist Party of Aotearoa 1990–? Formed in 1990 through a split in the Socialist Unity Party, the party was best known through the influence of its late founder Bill Andersen, a well-known trade unionist who served as president of the Auckland Trades Council, national secretary of the Socialist Unity Party, and president of the National Distribution Union.
Mana Māori Movement 1993–2005? A party that addresses the concerns of New Zealand's indigenous Māori inhabitants, founded by Eva Rickard, a prominent Māori activist and a former Mana Motuhake candidate.
Natural Law Party 1993–2001? A party which based its principles on the concept of natural law as promoted by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in his theory of Transcendental Meditation. It drew most of its support from the New Age movement.
Advance New Zealand 1995–1997 A party that advocated for multiculturalism and the interests of ethnic minorities, with a substantial segment of its membership came from New Zealand's Pacific Islander communities.[27][28] Advance New Zealand merged into United New Zealand in 1997.[27][28][29] Not to be confused with the unrelated party of the same name founded in 2020.
Libertarianz 1995–2014 A libertarian party dedicated to laissez-faire capitalism and keeping government as small as possible.
Republican Party 1995–2002 A party established to promote the creation of a New Zealand Republic. The party contested the 1999 election, but only won 250 votes. Should not be confused with The Republic of New Zealand Party or the Republican Movement of Aotearoa New Zealand.
Progressive Green Party 1995–? An environmentalist party established in opposition to the generally left-wing policies of the larger Green Party. It contested only one election before vanishing, although many of its members became active in the National Party.
Christian Coalition 1996–1997 A brief alliance of the Christian Democrats and the Christian Heritage Party. It narrowly missed entering Parliament in the 1996 election, and disbanded shortly afterwards.
Animals First 1996–2000 A party dedicated to animal rights and animal welfare. It received 0.17% of the vote in 1996[30] and 0.16% of the vote in 1999,[31] deregistered in 2000.
Nga Iwi Morehu Movement 1996–2011 A small Maori-based party which has been active in a number of elections
Ethnic Minority Party 1996–1997 A party that addresses the concerns of New Zealand's immigrant community, particularly Chinese and Indians. The popularity of New Zealand First, a party which opposed immigration, was a significant factor in its creation. It merged into United New Zealand, but little trace of it remains today.
Asia Pacific United Party 1996–1999 A party which attempted to gain support from Asian and Pacific Islander immigrants. It contested the 1996 election, but has since dissolved.
Green Society 1996–2001 A small environmentalist party. The Green Society believed that a true green party needed to be focused solely on the environment, and believed that the Green Party (then part of the Alliance) and the Progressive Green Party were both mistaken to take sides in economic and social debates.
Future New Zealand 1998–2002 A reconfiguration of the former Christian Democrat Party. Future New Zealand retained the same family values principles as the Christian Democrats, but abandoned the explicit religious basis. Future New Zealand merged with United New Zealand to form the modern United Future New Zealand.
South Island Party ?–2002 A regionalist party which called for more autonomy for the South Island, the less populous of New Zealand's two main islands. It drew support predominantly from Otago and Southland.
Aotearoa NZ Youth Party 1998–2011 A platform for campaigner Robert Terry, who stood for electorate seats four times under this banner.
Freedom Movement 1999–1999? A registered party which contested the 1999 general elections, receiving 454 party votes.[32]
NMP 1999–2003 NMP sought to abolish all political parties, among other policies.[33][non-primary source needed] It contested two elections before disbanding.[34]
Te Tawharau 1999–2007 A Māori party which split off from the Mana Māori Movement. It lapsed with the formation of the Māori Party.
One New Zealand Party 1999–2006 A small party modelled on Pauline Hanson's One Nation Party in Australia. It opposes all special policies towards Māori.
People's Choice Party 1999–2002 A small party which was registered for the 1999 election, but which is currently unregistered. It campaigned against MMP and in favour of reducing the size of Parliament.
Outdoor Recreation NZ 2001–2007 A party dedicated to promoting the interests of the hunting, fishing, and shooting communities. Outdoor Recreation New Zealand contested the 2005 election under the banner of the United Future party, although the parties did not actually merge. This working arrangement met with disappointing results.
Workers Party 2002–2011 Formerly known as the Anti-Capitalist Alliance. A coalition of socialists and anti-globalisation activists.
Destiny New Zealand 2003–2007 A party based in the Destiny Church, a Christian religious organisation. The party mostly campaigned on a family values platform, and strongly opposed legislative changes such as the creation of same-sex civil unions and the legalisation of prostitution.
Residents Action Movement 2003–2010 A left-wing party aiming to bring together social liberals, community activists, social democrats and left-wing radicals.
WIN Party 2004–2006 A single-issue party devoted to overturning the recently introduced smoking ban in bars and restaurants.
Patriot Party ?–2005 A small Auckland-based party established by , a senior member of the National Front. The party later merged back into the Front.
99 MP Party 2005–2006 A party primarily focused on reducing the total number of MPs from 120 to 99. It also believed that all constitutional changes should be put to a referendum.
Direct Democracy Party 2005–2009 A party which seeks to increase the participation of ordinary citizens in the political process. It advocates a system of referendums similar to that used by Switzerland.
Family Rights Protection Party 2005–2007 A party established by a group of Pacific Islanders who claim that larger parties are taking the support of Pacific Islanders for granted, and do not do enough to help them.
The Republic of New Zealand Party 2005–2009 A party focused on establishing a Republic in New Zealand. It also supports the adoption of a written constitution, the holding of referendums on major issues, and the abolition of race-specific government institutions.
Freedom Party 2005–2005 A party established by two former members of ACT New Zealand. Its policies were intended to be similar to those of ACT, but the party's founders said that the Freedom Party will be more democratic and accountable to its members.
Equal Values Party 2005–2008 A left-wing party active during the 2005 election. It supported free education and healthcare, an increase to social welfare benefits, and the establishment of compulsory superannuation schemes.
Family Party 2007–2010 A small Christian party established by the former Destiny New Zealand.
Kiwi Party 2007–2012 A revival of the Christian Democrats / Future New Zealand brand. The party advocates
more representative direct democracy through referendums and a return to the "Judeo-Christian ethic in democracy".
Hapu Party 2008–2008 A Māori-based party established to challenge the Māori Party.
Bill and Ben Party 2008–2010 A joke party run by Bill and Ben, hosts of the TV show Pulp Sport.
New World Order Party 2008–2011 A party promoting global peace through a unified World Government
Representative Party 2008–2010 The New Zealand Representative Party was led by Reg Turner, a former candidate for the ACT Party. The party claimed to have no policies, favouring seeking the opinions of voters on issues, and opposed traditional left-right politics.[35] However, it also promoted populist referenda, deregulation, compulsory military service, "stopping the culture for young unmarried women to have babies", and restricting the welfare state.[36] The party ran only a single candidate, Turner, in the 2008 election. By 2010, its website was defunct and it did not run any candidates in the 2011 election.
No Commercial Airport at Whenuapai Airbase Party 2008–2008 A local party which grew out of the movement opposing a commercial airport at Auckland's Whenuapai airbase.
New Zealand Liberals 2008–? A small party modelled on the old New Zealand Liberal Party and the UK Liberal Democrats. It advocates constitutional reform, republicanism, and civil rights.
Pirate Party of New Zealand 2009–2017? A copyright reform party based on the Swedish Pirate Party, with a focus on technological issues, like net neutrality.
New Citizen Party 2010–2012 A short-lived party formed to represent Chinese New Zealanders. It came third in the 2011 Botany by-election, but dissolved before contesting a general election.
Join Australia Movement Party 2011 A party advocating union with Australia.
Sovereignty Party 2011–? A nationalist party which contest the 2011 election
Reform New Zealand 2011–2011 A right-wing party advocating free market economics, low taxation, and reduced government.

was established by dissatisfied members of ACT New Zealand, and advocates similar policies of low taxation, privatisation, and reduced government. It never attempted to register with the New Zealand Electoral Commission and did not stand any candidates.

OurNZ Party 2011–2011? A party advocating a new currency, binding referenda, and a written constitution.
New Economics Party 2011–? A party advocating substantial economic reform such as a universal basic income and multiple currencies. It stood a single candidate in one election.
Thrive New Zealand 2012–2013 Party logo registered in August 2013. Advocated Direct Democracy via an online tool called RealVoice.
Focus NZ 2012–2016 A party aimed at representing rural New Zealand.
1Law4All Party 2013–2015 A party aimed at overturning the Treaty of Waitangi
Civilian Party 2013–2015 A joke party which arose from a popular New Zealand satirical website.
Expatriate Party 2014–2014? A party related to issues facing New Zealanders outside New Zealand
NZ Climate Party 2014–2017? A party which advocated greater action on climate change.
Ban 1080 Party 2014–2018 A party that opposed the use of sodium fluoroacetate (1080) poison.
Internet Party 2014–2018? A party advocating for less surveillance, copyright reform and cheap internet. The Internet Party contested the 2014 general election in an alliance called Internet Party and Mana Movement, and contested the 2017 election on its own.
GOdsownNZ 2017–2018? A "non-PC" Christian conservative party.
New Zealand Public Party 2020–2021 A component party of Advance New Zealand.[25] Founded in June 2020 by Billy Te Kahika Jr. At its launch, Te Kahika said that the COVID-19 pandemic would enable globalist leaders to implement UN agendas that would totally control people's lives, and that billionaires had developed weaponised viruses and patented treatments for the viruses they had made, in order to enslave humanity.[37][38][39][40][41] It merged with Advance New Zealand in July 2020.[42]
Advance New Zealand 2020–2021 A party founded by former National Party MP Jami-Lee Ross.

See also[]

  • Politics of New Zealand
  • List of political parties by country
  • Socialism in New Zealand
  • Liberalism in New Zealand

Notes[]

References[]

  1. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Curtin, Jennifer; Miller, Raymond (21 July 2015). "The party system develops, 1891 to 1935". Te Ara. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  2. ^ Wilson, John (1 April 2020). "Liberal to Labour". Te Ara. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  3. ^ Raymond, Miller (2005). Party Politics in New Zealand. Australia: Oxford University Press. p. 32.
  4. ^ Curtin, Jennifer; Miller, Raymond (21 July 2015). "Small parties under MMP". teara.govt.nz. Retrieved 15 July 2020.
  5. ^ "Parliamentary parties". New Zealand Parliament. 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  6. ^ "2017 General Election - Preliminary Count". Electionresults.govt.nz. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  7. ^ "Our Policies". NZ Labour Party. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  8. ^ Sadler, Rachel (14 July 2020). "Judith Collins announced as new National Party leader". Newshub. Retrieved 14 July 2020.
  9. ^ "Party profile: National Party — NZ Election 2020". Your complete guide to NZ Election 2020 — Policy. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  10. ^ "For people and planet". Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  11. ^ author., Miller, Raymond, 1953-. Democracy in New Zealand. ISBN 978-1-77558-808-5. OCLC 910880026.
  12. ^ "Principles". ACT. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  13. ^ "Party profile: ACT Party — NZ Election 2020". Your complete guide to NZ Election 2020 — Policy. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  14. ^ "Party profile: Māori Party — NZ Election 2020". Your complete guide to NZ Election 2020 — Policy. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  15. ^ "Register of political parties". elections.nz. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  16. ^ "Party profile: Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis — NZ Election 2020". Your complete guide to NZ Election 2020 — Policy. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  17. ^ James Baker (17 July 2020). "New rural Heartland party challenges climate change and water restrictions". Stuff. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  18. ^ "Our Story". nzfirst.nz. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  19. ^ "Party profile: Social Credit — NZ Election 2020". Your complete guide to NZ Election 2020 — Policy. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  20. ^ "Vernon Tava's centrist 'Sustainable New Zealand' Party gets a website". Newshub. 2 November 2019. Retrieved 1 October 2019.
  21. ^ "John Hong takes tilt at national politics through Tea Party". 16 June 2020.
  22. ^ Melanie Earley (23 May 2019). "Destiny Church launches political party, promising 'politics with teeth'". Stuff. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
  23. ^ "Attica Project has launched, aiming at changing the political game in New Zealand". thisquality. 26 July 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
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