Māori Party

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Māori Party
Te Pāti Māori
PresidentChe Wilson
Co-leadersDebbie Ngarewa-Packer[1]
Rawiri Waititi
Founded7 July 2004 (2004-07-07)
Split fromNew Zealand Labour Party
IdeologyMāori rights
Political positionCentre-left[2]
ColorsBlack, red and white
MPs in the House of Representatives
2 / 120
Website
maoriparty.org.nz

The Māori Party (Māori: Te Pāti Māori) is a political party in New Zealand advocating indigenous rights and centre-left policies.[2] It contests the Māori electorates, in which its main rival is the centre-left Labour Party.

Tariana Turia founded the Māori Party in 2004 after resigning from the governing Labour Party, in which she served as a minister, over the foreshore and seabed ownership controversy. She and Pita Sharples, a high-profile academic, became the first co-leaders. The party won four Māori seats in the 2005 election and went into Opposition. After the 2008, 2011 and 2014 elections, where the party won five, three and two Māori seats respectively, it supported a government led by the centre-right National Party,[2] with the Māori Party co-leaders serving as ministers outside cabinet.

The Māori Party failed to win seats in the 2017 election,[3] but at the 2020 election, the party returned to Parliament when Rawiri Waititi won the Waiariki electorate. Although the Māori Party share of the country-wide party vote declined from 1.18% in 2017 to 1.17% in 2020, winning Waiariki gave it the right to bring a second MP into Parliament.[4] As of 2021, the party's two MPs, Rawiri Waititi and Debbie Ngarewa-Packer, are also its co-leaders.

Principles and policies[]

Māori are the indigenous people of New Zealand. Increasingly since the beginning of colonisation, the group has been marginalised and is now a minority within New Zealand alongside Pacific Islanders.[5] In providing an independent Māori voice, the Māori Party's focus on affordable housing,[6] Māori recruitment into tertiary institutes[7] and a living wage for all workers[8] is based on the premise that Māori are among the low-socio economic communities in New Zealand who are the most disadvantaged when it comes to national inequality.[9]

The Māori Party was formed in response to the 2004 foreshore and seabed controversy, a debate about whether Māori have legitimate claim to ownership of part or all of New Zealand's foreshore and seabed. Tariana Turia resigned as a member of parliament for the Labour Party to form a party that would give Māori an independent voice from the two major parties. The party believed that:

  • Māori owned the foreshore and seabed before British colonisation;
  • The Treaty of Waitangi made no specific mention of foreshore or seabed;
  • No-one has subsequently purchased or otherwise acquired the foreshore or the seabed; and
  • Māori should therefore still own the seabed and the foreshore today.[10][11]

The kaupapa (policy) of the Māori Party includes four primary principles:[12]

  • Whānau (includes policies regarding affordable housing,[13] strengthening employment-support for Māori beneficiaries[14] and Te Reo Māori)[15]
  • Te Tiriti o Waitangi (includes holding the Crown accountable to their obligations under Te Tiriti O Waitangi and policies on Immigration)[16]
  • Rangatiratanga (includes policies on climate change in the Pacific and scholarships for Māori and Pasifika education to advance Māori and Pasifika as a collective)[17]
  • Kāwanatanga (includes policies on growing iwi economic resources[18] and to protect freshwater as a tāonga)[19]

These principles enable the Māori Party to be held accountable for the maintenance and furthering of Māori concepts in the decision-making process. These concepts are not reflected in the traditional Westminster system and Māori customary law is excluded from the New Zealand general legal system.[20] The Māori Party aims to advance the status of Māori people by advocating policies that restore Māori cultural foundations to New Zealand's political system by providing an independent Māori voice.

Several key party policies have included:

  • The upholding of indigenous values[21]
  • Compulsory "heritage studies" in schools[22]
  • Māori ownership of the foreshore and the seabed[citation needed]

Hate Speech Task Force[]

The Maori Party called for a Joint Task force between the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service and Police targeting right-wing extremists and rising anti-Maori hate speech following a YouTube Video featuring a masked man calling for the slaughter of Maoris and for a civil war, the video was later pulled down by YouTube for a breech of its policies.[23] In a tweet by The Maori Party it said that the video contained threats against its Members of Parliament, Marae and Maori.[24] Police arrested a man after Police received multiple complaints about the video and a day after the Maori Party laid a complaint with the Independent Police Conduct Authority (IPCA).[25] A 44-year-old male was charged with making an objectionable publication.[25]

In the complaint to the IPCA the Maori Party accused the Police of having double standards when it came to responding to death threats made against Pakeha and Maori [26] comparing the Police response to death threats made against National Party MP Simeon Brown. Maori Party Co-Leader Debbie Ngarewa-Packer stated that they were more than disappointed by the Police's response to their complaint saying "Communication and response time was inadequate, the police have continued to minimise the nature of the threat against us and our people".[26]

History[]

Formation[]

Tariana Turia resigned from the Labour government in 2004, becoming a founding co-leader of the Māori Party.

The Māori Party's origins can be traced back to the 2004 foreshore and seabed controversy, a debate about whether the Māori have legitimate claim to ownership of part or all of New Zealand's foreshore and seabed, that arose during the Fifth Labour Government. A court judgement stated that some Māori appeared to have the right to seek formal ownership of a specific portion of seabed in the Marlborough Sounds. This prospect alarmed many sectors of New Zealand society however, and the Labour Party foreshadowed legislation in favour of state ownership instead. This angered many Māori, including many of Labour's Māori MPs. Two MPs representing Māori electorates, Tariana Turia and Nanaia Mahuta, announced an intent to vote against the legislation.[27]

Turia, a junior minister, after being informed that voting against the government would appear "incompatible" with holding ministerial rank, announced on 30 April 2004 her intention to resign from the Labour Party. Her resignation took effect on 17 May, and she left parliament until she won a by-election in her Te Tai Hauauru seat two months later. After leaving the Labour Party, Turia, later joined by Sharples, began organizing a new political party. They and their supporters agreed that the new organisation would simply use the name of "the Māori Party". They chose a logo of black and red – traditional Māori colours – incorporating a koru design, also traditional. The leaders of the Māori Party indicated that they wished to unite "all Māori" into a single political movement.[27] The party was formally established on 7 July 2004.[28]

2005 election[]

In the 2005 election, the Māori Party won four out of seven Māori seats and 2.12% of the party vote. The latter entitled the party to only three list seats, so the fourth electorate seat caused an overhang seat. In the election night count, the party vote share was under 2% and the Māori Party would have got two overhang seats; when the overhang was reduced to one, National lost a list seat that they appeared to have won on election night. Tariana Turia held Te Tai Hauauru; Pita Sharples won the Tamaki Makaurau electorate; Hone Harawira, son of Titewhai Harawira, won Te Tai Tokerau; and Te Ururoa Flavell won Waiariki.[29]

First term, 2005–2008[]

In the post-election period the Māori Party convened a series of hui to decide whether to support Labour or National, though some party leaders indicated they preferred to deal with Labour. That day, however, Turia and Prime Minister Helen Clark met privately and ruled out a formal coalition. Coupled with the support of the New Zealand First, Greens and Progressives, Māori Party support would have given Clark just enough support to govern without the support of other parties. However, in the end, no deal was done and the Māori Party stayed in Opposition, citing that they were not prepared to compromise their positions.[30]

Gerry Brownlee, Deputy Leader of the National Party, claimed after the election that Labour and National each could rely on "57 seats" out of the 62 required in the 2005 election to govern. This implied that National had received support from United Future (3), Act (2) and the Māori Party (4) in addition to National's own 49 seats.[31] Brash himself later supported this statement and claimed he had witnesses to it.[32] This came after the National Party tried to woo the Māori Party in attempts to both see if a coalition arrangement was feasible and to counter any attempts which may have been made by Helen Clark.[33] Tariana Turia denied this claim.

On 24 January 2006 the Māori Party's four MPs were jointly welcomed to Rātana pā with the leader of the National Party, Don Brash, together with his delegation of eight MPs. They had been intended to be welcomed on half an hour apart but agreed to be welcomed and sit together. Turia disputed claims that this was pre-arranged, saying: "We're here for a birthday. We're not here for politics."[34] However critics said this would have reminded onlookers of how the Māori Party and National were said to be in coalition or confidence and supply talks. This may also have served to reinforce the Labour Party's election campaign statement that a 'vote for the Māori Party is a vote for National'. One Ratana kaumatua (elder) said this was deliberate and deserved after the talks.[35]

2008 election[]

In the 2008 general election the Māori Party retained all four of the seats it won in 2005, and won an additional seat, when Rahui Katene won Te Tai Tonga from Labour. Two seats were overhang seats. The party's share of the party vote rose slightly to 2.39%.[36] The Labour Party won the party vote by a large majority in every Māori electorate, meaning that the typical Māori voter had split their vote, voting for a Māori Party candidate with their electorate vote and the Labour Party with their party vote.[37]

The National Party won the most seats overall and formed a minority government with the support of the Māori Party, ACT New Zealand and United Future. Sharples was given the Minister of Māori Affairs portfolio and became an Associate Minister of Corrections and Associate Minister of Education. Turia became Minister for the Community and Voluntary Sector, Associate Minister of Health and Associate Minister for Social Development and Employment.[38] Hone Harawira was critical of the alliance with the National Party and was suspended from the Māori Party in February 2011. He left the party and formed the radical left-wing Mana Party in April 2011.[39]

2011 election[]

In the 2011 general election the Māori Party was reduced from five seats to three, as the party vote split between it and Harawira's Mana Party. The Māori Party won three electorate seats. With 1.43% of the party vote, the party was entitled to two seats, resulting in an overhang of one seat. The three MPs were Pita Sharples in Tāmaki Makaurau, Tariana Turia in Te Tai Hauāuru and Te Ururoa Flavell in Waiāriki. Rahui Katene lost the Te Tai Tonga seat to Labour's Rino Tirikatene, and Hone Harawira won the Te Tai Tokerau seat for the Mana Party. The National Party again formed a minority government with the support of the Māori Party, ACT New Zealand and United Future. Pita Sharples again became Minister of Māori Affairs, and Sharples and Turia were ministers outside cabinet. With the retirement of Pita Sharples in 2014, Te Ururoa Flavell became the male co-leader of the party. Tariana Turia also retired in 2014.[40]

2014 election[]

Further information: 51st New Zealand Parliament

Final results from the 2014 general election gave the Māori Party two seats in Parliament. Te Ururoa Flavell won the Waiāriki electorate seat, and the party was entitled to one further list seat (to be occupied by the next person on the party list, Marama Fox) as they received 1.32% of the party vote.[41]

2017 election[]

Prior to the 2017 general election, the Māori Party formed an electoral pact with the Mana Movement leader and former Māori Party MP Hone Harawira. The Māori Party agreed not to contest Te Tai Tokerau as part of a deal to regain the Māori electorates from the Labour Party.[42] During the 2017 election on 23 September, the Maori Party failed to take any seats, with Labour capturing all seven of the Māori electorates.[3][43] Party co-leader Te Ururoa Flavell expressed sadness at the loss of seats and announced he would be resigning from politics.[44] Fellow co-leader Marama Fox expressed bitterness at the party's defeat, remarking that New Zealand had chosen to return to the "age of colonization" and attacked the two major parties, National and Labour, for their alleged paternalism towards Māori.[45] Fox commented that Māori have "gone back like a beaten wife to the abuser" in regards to Labour's sweep of the Māori seats.[46]

2020 election[]

The party announced John Tamihere as its candidate for the Tāmaki Makaurau electorate in March 2020. Tamihere had held the electorate from 2002 to 2005, but for the Labour Party. He had also run for Mayor of Auckland in 2019 without success.[47] Tamihere's mayoral campaign was more right-wing, and he said the Māori Party could happily work with the National Party. This contradicted Māori Party President Che Wilson, who had set out a clear preference to work with Labour and had said "if we ever do talk to National it will have to be a big deal for us to move that way again."[48]

On 15 April 2020, the party announced that John Tamihere and Debbie Ngarewa-Packer were the new party co-leaders.[49]

The party received a broadcasting allocation of $145,101 for the 2020 election.[50]

At the 2020 general election, held in October, the Māori Party's Rawiri Waititi captured the Waiariki electorate, defeating Labour MP Tamati Coffey by a margin of 836 votes. This allowed the Māori Party to enter Parliament, and with its party vote of 1.2%, it was entitled to two MPs.[51] After Waititi, Debbie Ngarewa-Packer entered Parliament as the highest-ranked person on the party list.[4]

Under the Māori Party's constitution, its co-leaders must be drawn from its MPs first, and one must be female and one male.[52] As the only male Māori Party MP, Waititi replaced Tamihere as a co-leader.[53][54][55]

On 11 November, former party co-leader Tamihere requested a vote recount in the Māori electorates of Tāmaki Makaurau and Te Tai Hauāuru, alleging Māori voters had encountered discrimination during the 2020 election. Tamihere claimed that the recount was intended to expose discriminatory laws such as the five-yearly Māori Electoral Option (which limited the ability of Māori to switch between the general and Māori rolls for a period five years). He also alleged longer wait times for Māori voters at election booths and some Māori not being allowed to vote on the Māori roll.[56]

On 26 November, Māori Party MPs Waititi and Ngarewa-Packer walked out of Parliament after the Speaker of the House Trevor Mallard did not allow them to speak due to parliamentary procedures limiting the speaking time by smaller parties. Waititi had attempted to pass a motion that their party leaders be allowed to give a 15-minute "address in reply" but Mallard had blocked the motion on the grounds that MPs from smaller parties were not scheduled to give their maiden speeches until the following week. Waititi described Mallard's decision as unfair while Ngarewa-Packer claimed that this was "another example of the Māori voice being silenced and ignored."[57]

On 12 April 2021, the Electoral Commission referred the Māori Party to the Police for failing to disclose about NZ$320,000 worth of donations within the retired timeframe. These donations came from several individuals and organisations including former party co-leader Tamihere (NZ$158,223.72), the Urban Māori Authority (NZ$48,879.85), and the Aotearoa Te Kahu Limited Partnership (NZ$120,000). Party President Che Wilson attributed the late disclosure to the fact that the party was staffed by volunteers and rookies who were unfamiliar with electoral finance laws.[58] On 29 April, the Police referred the investigation into the Māori Parry's undeclared donations to the Serious Fraud Office.[59]

Electoral results[]

Parliament[]

Election # of candidates nominated
(electorate/list) 		# of seats won # of party votes % of popular vote (PR) Government or opposition
2005 42 / 51
4 / 121
 48,263 2.12% Crossbenches
2008 7 / 19
5 / 122
 55,980 2.39% Supported Fifth National Government
2011 11 / 17
3 / 121
 31,982 1.43%
2014 24 / 24
2 / 121
 31,850 1.32%
2017 17 / 17
0 / 120
 30,580 1.18% Extra-parliamentary
2020 7 / 21
2 / 120
 33,632 1.17% Crossbenches

Leadership[]

As of 2020, the Māori Party's constitution states that it must have two leaders, that its co-leaders must be drawn from its MPs first, and that one must be female and one male.[52] These requirements have been in place since at least 2013.[60]

The party's first leaders were Tariana Turia and Pita Sharples. In December 2012, Tariana Turia announced she would resign as party co-leader before the 2014 election. Te Ururoa Flavell announced his interest in a leadership role, but as the Māori Party constitution required male and female co-leaders, he could not take Turia's place.[60] Shortly after this, in July 2013, Sharples resigned as co-leader, saying he would quit politics altogether come the next general election in 2014. He went on to say that "Our supporters deserve a unified party" which indicated that the leadership tension influenced his decision to resign as party co-leader.[61] Flavell replaced him as the party's male co-leader. In the 2014 general election, Marama Fox became the party's first List MP, and – as the party's only female Member of Parliament – under the party rules automatically became female co-leader.

Following Rawiri Waititi's successful campaign for Waiariki at the 2020 New Zealand general election, he was confirmed as male co-leader, replacing John Tamihere, at a special general meeting of the Māori Party on 28 October.[62]

Female co-leader Male co-leader
Name Portrait Term of Office Parliamentary seat Name Portrait Term of Office Parliamentary seat
1 Tariana Turia
Tariana Turia NZgovt (cropped).jpg
  		7 July 2004 September 2014 Te Tai Hauāuru 1 Pita Sharples Pita Sharples 2012 (cropped).jpg 7 July 2004 13 July 2013 Tāmaki Makaurau
(from 5 October 2005)
2 Te Ururoa Flavell Te Ururoa Flavell, 2012.jpg 13 July 2013 July 2018 Waiariki
(until 23 September 2017)
2 Marama Fox 2015 Portrait of Marama Fox 01 Cropped.jpg September 2014 August 2018 List MP
(until 23 September 2017)
Offices vacant
3 Debbie Ngarewa-Packer 15 April 2020[1] Incumbent List MP
(from 17 October 2020) 		3 John Tamihere 15 April 2020[1] 28 October 2020 —
4 Rawiri Waititi 28 October 2020 Incumbent Waiariki

The party also has a president:

Name Portrait Term of office
1 Whatarangi Winiata 2004 2009
2 Pem Bird Pem Bird MNZM (cropped).jpg 2010 2013
3 Naida Glavish Naida Glavish DNZM (cropped).jpg 2013 2016
4 Tuku Morgan Tukoroirangi Morgan UNDP Clark 2009.jpg 2016 2017
5 Che Wilson Che Wilson 2012 (cropped).jpg 2018 present

See also[]

References[]

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  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c Marsh, Ian; Miller, Raymond (2012). Democratic Decline and Democratic Renewal: Political Change in Britain, Australia and New Zealand. Cambridge University Press. p. 284. ISBN 9781139537018.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b "2017 General Election – Official Result". New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b "Special votes: National loses two MPs, one each to Labour, Māori Party". Radio New Zealand. 6 November 2020. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  5. ^ Pearson, David (5 May 2011). "Ethnic Inequalities in New Zealand". Te Ara. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
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  8. ^ "Māori Party Employment Policy 2017". Māori Party. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
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  12. ^ "Māori Party Kaupapa". Māori Party. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  13. ^ "Māori Party Housing Policy 2017". Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  14. ^ "Māori Party Employment Policy 2017". Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  15. ^ "Māori Party Te Reo Māori Policy 2017". Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  16. ^ "Māori Party Immigration Policy 2017". Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  17. ^ "Māori Party Pasefika Policy 2017". Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  18. ^ "Māori Party Economic Policy 2017". Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  19. ^ "Māori Party Environment Policy". Retrieved 9 May 2018.
  20. ^ Jackson, Moana (1990). "Criminality and the Exclusion of Māori". Victoria University of Wellington Law Review. 20: 27–29.
  21. ^ "Election Policy 2008". Māori Party. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2011. Our commitment to you is that we will uphold indigenous values, to ensure our country maintains its natural beauty for all who call this land home.
  22. ^ "Election Policy 2008". Māori Party. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2011. Primary and secondary schools will be required to teach heritage studies, which will include a history of the Pacific, in line with the aspirations of Pacific people.
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  24. ^ "https://twitter.com/maori_party/status/1399918936343269382". Twitter. Retrieved 8 June 2021. External link in |title= (help)
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  28. ^ Ngatai, George (16 July 2013). "George Ngatai – Standing for President of Maori Party – Speech" (Press release). Scoop.co.nz. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
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  31. ^ Crewdson, Patrick (16 October 2005). "Coalition talks in chaos as Nats accuse Clark of failure". The New Zealand Herald.
  32. ^ Young, Audrey (19 October 2005). "Brash: I had the 57 votes". The New Zealand Herald.
  33. ^ Tony Gee, Audrey Young and Ruth Berry (7 October 2005). "National courts the Maori Party". The New Zealand Herald.
  34. ^ Dewes, Haydon (25 January 2006). "Taking partners for Ratana waltz". The Dominion Post.
  35. ^ Stokes, Jon (25 January 2006). "Parties forced to share stage at Ratana marae". The New Zealand Herald.
  36. ^ "Chief Electoral Office: Official Count results: Overall status".
  37. ^ See Māori electorate results at Chief Electoral Office: Official Count results: Electorate details.
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  40. ^ Morgan Godfery, "Chapter 4.4: The Māori Party," pp. 247–248.
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  43. ^ Graham, Charlotte (23 September 2017). "Center-Right Party Hangs on in New Zealand Election". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 September 2017. A major upset in Saturday's results was the vanquishing of the Maori Party, a group which grew out of protest action about indigenous rights to New Zealand's foreshore and seabed. Formed in 2004, the party won two seats at the 2014 election; in the next Parliament, it will have none.
  44. ^ Trevett, Claire (24 September 2017). "Maori Party leader Te Ururoa Flavell leaving politics". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  45. ^ Satherley, Dan (24 September 2017). "NZ voted for return to 'the age of colonisation' – Marama Fox". Newshub. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
  46. ^ "Māori have 'gone back like a beaten wife to the abuser', defiant Marama Fox says". Stuff. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
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  48. ^ "Power play: Māori Party strategy already undermined by Tamihere". Radio New Zealand. 9 March 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
  49. ^ Forbes, Stephen (15 April 2020). "John Tamihere and Debbie Ngarewa-Packer selected as new Māori Party co-leaders". Stuff. Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  50. ^ "2020 Broadcasting Allocation Decision Released". Electoral Commission. 29 May 2020. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  51. ^ "2020 General Election and Referendums - Official Result". Electoral Commission. 6 November 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  52. ^ Jump up to: a b "Māori Party Constitution" (PDF). 12 October 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  53. ^ "Māori Party's Rawiri Waititi replaces John Tamihere as co-leader". RNZ. 29 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  54. ^ @KiwiPoll (17 October 2020). "John Tamihere confirms that Rawiri Waititi will take over the co-leadership. #MaoriPol #nzpol #Decision20 #YourVote2020" (Tweet). Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020 – via Twitter.
  55. ^ "NZ Election 2020: Waiariki's Rawiri Waititi will become Māori Party co-leader". Newshub. 19 October 2020. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2020.
  56. ^ Burrows, Matt (13 November 2020). "NZ Election 2020: Māori Party asks for recount in two electorates, pushes for Electoral Act reform". Newshub. Archived from the original on 13 November 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
  57. ^ Patterson, Jane (26 November 2020). "Māori Party MPs walk out of Parliament in protest". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 29 November 2020. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  58. ^ Trevett, Claire (12 April 2021). "Election donations: Māori Party referred to police over $320,000 in undeclared donations". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
  59. ^ Manch, Thomas (29 April 2021). "Police refer Māori Party to Serious Fraud Office over $328,000 in undeclared donations". Stuff. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  60. ^ Jump up to: a b "Ratana unveiling for Turia's successor?". DominionPost. 13 January 2013
  61. ^ "Pita Sharples stands down, Flavell likely successor". One News. 2 July 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
  62. ^ "Māori Party's Rawiri Waititi replaces John Tamihere as co-leader". RNZ News. 29 October 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2020.

Further reading[]

External links[]

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