List of predecessors of sovereign states in North America

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This is a list of all present sovereign states in North America and their predecessors. The division between North and South America is unclear, generally viewed as lying somewhere in the Isthmus of Panama, however, the Caribbean Islands, Central America including the whole of Panama is considered to be part of North America as its southernmost nation. The continent was colonized by the Europeans: Mainly by the Spaniards, the French, the English and the Dutch. The United States of America gained its independence in American Revolutionary War; most of nations in Central America gained independence in the early 19th century; Canada and many other island countries in the Caribbean Sea (most of them were British colonies) gained their independence in 20th century. Today, North America consists of twenty-two sovereign states with common government system being some form of presidential republic.

Sovereign state Predecessors
Antigua and Barbuda Flag of Leeward Islands (1871–1956).svg Colony of Antigua (1671–1816; 1833–1958) (part of British Leeward Islands)
Flag of Leeward Islands (1871–1956).svg Colony of Barbuda (1671–1816; 1833–1958) (part of British Leeward Islands)
Flag of the West Indies Federation.svg Part of West Indies Federation (1958–1962)
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg Colony of Antigua (1962–1981) (Associated State since 1967)
 Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present) (Commonwealth realm)
Bahamas, The Kingdom of England Colony of the Bahamas (1648–1717)
Flag of the Bahamas (1953-1964).svg Flag of the Bahamas.svg Colony of the Bahamas (1717–1973)
 Commonwealth of the Bahamas (1973–present)
Barbados Flag of the British Windward Islands (1903-1958).png Colony of Barbados (1625–1885) (part of British Windward Islands)
Flag of Barbados (1870–1966).svg Colony of Barbados (1885–1958; 1962–1966) (separated Crown colony)
Flag of the West Indies Federation.svg Part of West Indies Federation (1958–1962)
 Barbados (1966–present)
Belize Flag of British Honduras (1919–1981).svg British Honduras (1862–1973)
Flag of British Honduras (1919–1981).svg Belize (1973–1981) (British self-governing colony)
 Belize (1981–present) (Commonwealth realm)
Canada Royal Standard of King Louis XIV.svg New France (1535–1763) (a French colony)
Flag of Great Britain.svg Province of Quebec (1763–1791)
Province of Upper Canada (1791–1841)
Province of Lower Canada (1791–1841)
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Province of Canada (1841–1867)
Hudsons Bay Company Flag.svg Rupert's Land (1670–1870) (a territory of the Hudson's Bay Company)
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg North-Western Territory (1859–1870)
Flag of the Colony of British Columbia.svg Colony of British Columbia (1858–1871) (included the Colony of Vancouver Island and former British Columbia since 1866)
Provisional Government of Saskatchewan (1885) (unrecognized Métis republic defeated in the North-West Rebellion)
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Newfoundland Colony (1610–1907)
Dominion of Newfoundland Red Ensign.svg Dominion of Newfoundland (1907–1949) (a dominion within British Empire 1907–1934, a dependency of United Kingdom 1934–1949)
Canadian Red Ensign 1868-1921.svg Canadian Red Ensign 1921-1957.svg Canadian Red Ensign (1957-1965).svg  Canada (1867–present) (before the Second World War the terms Confederation of Canada or Dominion of Canada were also used)
Costa Rica Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Part of Real Audiencia of Guatemala (1543–1609) (part of New Spain)
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Part of Captaincy General of Guatemala (1609–1821) (part of New Spain)
Bandera del Primer Imperio Mexicano.svg Part of Mexican Empire (1821–1823)
Flag of the Federal Republic of Central America.svg Part of Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1838)
Flag of Costa Rica (1840-1842).svg Flag of Costa Rica (1842-1848).svg  Republic of Costa Rica (1838–present)
Cuba Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Part of Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (1512–1607)
Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg Captaincy General of Cuba (1607–1898)
Flag of the United States (1896-1908).svg United States Military Government in Cuba (1898–1902)
Flag of Cuba (sky blue).svg Republic of Cuba (1902–1959) (1902–1959)
 Republic of Cuba (1959–present)
Dominica Flag of Leeward Islands (1871–1956).svg Colony of Dominica (part of British Leeward Islands 1871–1958) (1763–1958)
Flag of the West Indies Federation.svg Part of West Indies Federation (1958–1962)
Flag of Dominica.svg Dominica (1962–1978) (Associated State since 1967)
 Commonwealth of Dominica (1978–present)
Dominican Republic Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (1492–1795)
Royal Standard of King Louis XIV.svg Flag of France.svg Colony of Saint-Domingue (1795–1809)
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (1809–1821)
Flag of Spanish Haiti.svg Republic of Spanish Haiti (1821–1822)
Flag of Haiti.svg Occupied by Haiti (1822–1844)
Flag of the Dominican Republic (up to 1844).svg Dominican Republic (1844–1861)
Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg Occupied by Spain (1861–1865)
 Dominican Republic (1865–present)
El Salvador Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Part of Real Audiencia of Guatemala (1543–1609) (part of New Spain)
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Part of Captaincy General of Guatemala (1609–1821) (part of New Spain)
Bandera del Primer Imperio Mexicano.svg Part of Mexican Empire (1821–1823)
Flag of the Federal Republic of Central America.svg Part of Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1841)
Flag of Costa Rica (1840-1842).svg Flag of Costa Rica (1842-1848).svg Flag of El Salvador (1875-1877).svg  Republic of El Salvador (1841–present) (before 1890 referred to as Republic of Salvador in English)
Grenada Royal Standard of King Louis XIV.svg French Grenada (1649–1763)
Flag of Grenada (1875-1903).svg British Grenada (1763–1958) part of Flag of the British Windward Islands (1903-1953).svg British Windward Islands 1833– 958)
Flag of the West Indies Federation.svg Part of West Indies Federation (1958–1962)
Flag of Grenada (1903–1967).svg Flag of Grenada (1967-1974).svg British Grenada (1962–1974)
(Associated State (since 1967)
 Grenada (Commonwealth realm) (1974–present)
Guatemala Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Part of Real Audiencia of Guatemala (1543–1609)
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Part of Captaincy General of Guatemala (1609–1821)
Bandera del Primer Imperio Mexicano.svg Part of Mexican Empire (1821–1823)
Flag of the Federal Republic of Central America.svg Part of Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1839)
Flag of Guatemala (1838-1843).svg Flag of Guatemala (1843-1851).svg Flag of Guatemala (1851-1858).svg Flag of Guatemala (1858–1871).svg  Republic of Guatemala (1839–present)
Haiti Royal Standard of King Louis XIV.svg Flag of France.svg Colony of Saint-Domingue (1625–1804)
Flag of Haiti 1964 (civil).svg Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)
Flag of Haiti (1806-1811).svg State of Haiti (1806–1811) (northern Haiti)
Flag of Haiti (1814-1820).svg Kingdom of Haiti (1811–1820)
Flag of Haiti.svg Republic of Haiti (1806–1849) (included northern Haiti since 1820; with Dominican Republic annexed 1822–1844)
Flag of Haiti (1849-1859).png Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)
Flag of Haiti (1964-1986).svg  Republic of Haiti (1859–present) (occupied by United States 1915–1934)
Honduras Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Part of Real Audiencia of Guatemala (1543–1609)
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Part of Captaincy General of Guatemala (1609–1821)
Bandera del Primer Imperio Mexicano.svg Part of Mexican Empire (1821–1823)
Flag of the Federal Republic of Central America.svg Part of Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1838)
 Republic of Honduras (1838–present)
Jamaica Flag of Jamaica (1875–1906).svg Flag of Jamaica (1906–1957).svg Flag of Jamaica (1957–1962).svg Flag of Jamaica (1962).svg Colony of Jamaica (1655–1962)
 Jamaica (1962–present) (Commonwealth realm)
Mexico Aztec Empire
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Viceroyalty of New Spain (1521–1821)
Bandera del Primer Imperio Mexicano.svg Mexican Empire (1821–1823)
Flag of Mexico (1823-1864, 1867-1893).svg Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–1824)
Bandera Histórica de la República Mexicana (1824-1918).svg United Mexican States (1824–1835)
Flag of Mexico (1823-1864, 1867-1893).svg Mexican Republic (1835–1846)
Bandera Histórica de la República Mexicana (1824-1918).svg United Mexican States (1846–1863)
Bandera del Segundo Imperio Mexicano (1864-1867).svg Mexican Empire (1863–1867)
 United Mexican States (1867–present)
Nicaragua Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Part of Real Audiencia of Guatemala (1543–1609)
Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Part of Captaincy General of Guatemala (1609–1821)
Bandera del Primer Imperio Mexicano.svg Part of Mexican Empire (1821–1823)
Flag of the Federal Republic of Central America.svg Part of Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1838)
Flag of Nicaragua (1839-1858).svg Flag of Nicaragua (1858-1889 and 1893-1896).svg  Republic of Nicaragua (1838–present)
Saint Kitts and Nevis Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Colony of Saint Christopher (1623–1882) (since 1833 part of Flag of Leeward Islands (1871–1956).svg British Leeward Islands)
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Colony of Nevis (1628–1882) (since 1833 part of Flag of Leeward Islands (1871–1956).svg British Leeward Islands)
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Colony of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1882–1958) (part of Flag of Leeward Islands (1871–1956).svg British Leeward Islands; Anguilla separated from 1882 to 1951)
Flag of the West Indies Federation.svg Part of West Indies Federation (1958–1962)
Flag of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla.svg Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla (1962–1983) (Associated State since 1967; Anguilla separated since 1980)
 Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present) (also known as the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis)
Saint Lucia Royal Standard of King Louis XIV.svg Colony of Sainte Lucie (1674–1814)
Flag of Saint Lucia (1939–1967).svg Colony of Saint Lucia (1814–1958) (since 1838 part of Flag of the British Windward Islands (1903-1958).png British Windward Islands)
Flag of the West Indies Federation.svg Part of West Indies Federation (1958–1962)
Flag of Saint Lucia (1939–1967).svg Flag of Saint Lucia (1967-1979).svg Colony of Saint Lucia (1962–1979) (Associated State since 1967)
 Saint Lucia (Commonwealth realm) (1979–present)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1907-1979).svg Colony of Saint Vincent (1763–1958) (since 1838 part of Flag of the British Windward Islands (1903-1958).png British Windward Islands)
Flag of the West Indies Federation.svg Part of West Indies Federation (1958–1962)
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1907-1979).svg Colony of Saint Vincent (1962–1979) (Associated State since 1967)
Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979-1985).svg Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1985).svg  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present) (Commonwealth realm)
United States Flag of Great Britain (1707-1800).svg Thirteen Colonies (1732–1776)
-Province of New Hampshire
-Province of Massachusetts Bay
-Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
-Connecticut Colony
-Province of New York
-Province of New Jersey
-Province of Pennsylvania
-Delaware Colony
-Province of Maryland
-Colony of Virginia
-Province of Carolina
-Province of North Carolina
-Province of South Carolina
-Province of Georgia
Flag of Vermont Republic.svg Vermont Republic (1777–1791)
West Florida Flag.svg Republic of West Florida (1810)
Republic of Indian Stream (1832–1835)
Flag of Texas.svg Republic of Texas (1836–1846)
1stBearFlag.svg California Republic (1846)
Flag of Hawaii.svg Kingdom of Hawaii (1795–1893), Republic of Hawaii (1894–1898)
Grand Union Flag.svg US flag 13 stars – Betsy Ross.svg Star-Spangled Banner flag.svg Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg  United States of America (1776–present)

See also[]

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