List of proxy wars
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War |
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This is a list of proxy wars. Major powers have been highlighted in bold.
A proxy war is defined to be "a war fought between groups of smaller countries that each represent the interests of other larger powers, and may have help and support from these".
The United Nations does not wage war (or proxy war): its peacekeeping military actions are instead police actions.[1]
![]() | This list is incomplete; you can help by . (August 2008) |
Pre-World War I proxy wars[]
War | Dates | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
Egyptian–Ottoman War | 1839–1841 | Egypt-aligned powers:![]() ![]() ![]() |
Allied powers:![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
|
Compromise |
Uruguayan Civil War | 1839–1851 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() ![]() |
Colorado victory |
Mahdist War | 1881–1899 | ![]()
Supported by: |
![]() Supported by: |
British-Egyptian-Italian victory |
First Samoan Civil War | 1886–1894 | ![]() ![]() |
![]() Supported by: |
Stalemate |
Second Samoan Civil War | 1898–1899 | ![]() ![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() |
Stalemate |
Venezuelan crisis of 1902–03 | 1902–1903 | ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
![]() Supported by:
|
Compromise |
Somaliland Campaign | 1910–1920 | ![]() Supported by: |
![]() ![]() |
Collapse of the Dervish State |
Inter-war period proxy wars[]
War | Dates | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
Finnish Civil War | 1918[4][5] | ![]() Supported by: ![]() |
Red Guards[4][5]
Supported by: ![]() |
Combatant 1 Won[4][5] |
Revolutions and interventions in Hungary | 1918–1920 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() |
Combatant 1 Won |
Turkish War of Independence | 1919–1923 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Combatant 2 Won[13][14][15] |
Chinese Civil War | 1929–1937, 1945–1949[16][17] | ![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() |
![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() |
Combatant 2 Won[16][17] |
Chaco War | 1932–1935 | ![]() Supported by: Standard Oil (alleged)[18] |
![]() Supported by: ![]() Royal Dutch Shell (alleged)[18] |
Combatant 2 Won |
Spanish Civil War | 1936–1939[23][24] | ![]() Supported by: ![]()
|
![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() France (1936)[26] |
Combatant 1 Won |
Cold War proxy wars[]
War | Dates | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chinese Civil War | 1944–1949[27] | ![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() |
![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() |
Combatant 1 Won |
Greek Civil War | 1944–1949[28][29] | Greek communists (Democratic Army of Greece, National Liberation Front, Greek People's Liberation Army, Communist Party of Greece)[28][29]
Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() |
Combatant 2 Won |
Iran crisis of 1946 | 1945–1946 | ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
First Indochina War | 1946–1954[30][31] | ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() |
Combatant 1 Won[30][31] |
Paraguayan Civil War | 1947 | ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Malayan Emergency | 1948–1960 | Communist forces:![]()
Supported by: |
Anti-communist forces:![]()
Supported by:
|
Combatant 2 Won |
Korean War | 1950–1953[44][45][46][47][48][49] | ![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Commonwealth of Nations[51] ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Stalemate[44][45][49] |
Mau Mau Uprising | 1952–1960 | Mau Mau rebels[A]
Supported by: |
![]()
Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Second Indochina War (Vietnam War) | 1953–1975[59][60][61][62][63] | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Combatant 1 Won[59] |
First Taiwan Strait Crisis | 1954–1955 | ![]() Supported by: ![]() |
![]() ![]() |
Stalemate |
Algerian War | 1954–1962 | ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() |
![]() Supported by: ![]() |
Combatant 1 Won |
First Sudanese Civil War | 1955–1972 | ![]() ![]() ![]() (1955–1956) ![]() (1956–1969) ![]() (1969–1972) Supported by: |
Southern Sudan Liberation Movement
Equatorial Corps (1955–1963) |
Stalemate |
Suez Crisis | 1956–1957[75] | ![]()
Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() |
Territory unchanged. French and UK power in area weakened[75] |
Second Taiwan Strait Crisis | 1958 | ![]() Supported by: ![]() |
![]() ![]() |
Stalemate |
1958 Lebanon crisis | 1958 | ![]()
Supported by: |
![]() ![]() |
Combatant 2 Wins |
1959 Tibetan uprising | 1959–1962[76] | ![]() |
![]() Supported by:
|
Combatant 1 Won |
Central American crisis | 1960–1996[81] | EGP[81]![]() ORPA ![]() ![]()
Supported by ![]() ![]()
|
![]() ESA[81] White Hand[81] and other paramilitary groups[81]
Contras (1981–90) Supported by ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Combatant 1 Won |
Congo Crisis | 1960–1965 | 1960–62:
1964–65: Supported by: |
1960–63:
1964–65: Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Portuguese Colonial War | 1960–1974[98] | ![]() Supported by: |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Combatant 2 Won[66] |
First Iraqi–Kurdish War | 1961–1970 | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() Supported by: |
Stalemate |
Eritrean War of Independence | 1961–1974 | ![]() Supported by: ![]() (until 1977) ![]() (until 1974) ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() Supported by: ![]() |
Stalemate |
1974–1991 | ![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() ![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won | |
North Yemen Civil War | 1962–1970 | ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
![]() ![]() |
Combatant 1 Won |
Dhofar Rebellion | 1962–1976 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Sarawak Communist Insurgency | 1962–1990 | Communist forces:![]()
Supported by: |
Anti-communist forces:![]()
Supported by:
|
Stalemate |
Sand War | 1963 | ![]() Supported by: |
![]() Supported by: |
Stalemate |
Aden Emergency | 1963–1967 | ![]() FLOSY Supported by |
![]()
Supported by |
Combatant 1 Won |
Rhodesian Bush War | 1964–1979 | ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by:
Supported by: |
![]() (until 1 June 1979) ![]() (from 1 June 1979) Supported by: |
Stalemate |
Dominican Civil War | 1965 | ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
![]() ![]() ![]()
|
Combatant 2 Won |
Chadian Civil War | 1965–1979 | ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
![]() ![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 1 Won |
Communist insurgency in Thailand | 1965–1983 | ![]() Thai United Patriotic Front ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by:
|
![]()
Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Bolivian Campaign | 1966–1967 | Ejército de Liberación Nacional![]() Supported by: |
![]() ![]()
|
Combatant 2 Won |
Korean DMZ Conflict (1966–1969) | 1966–1969 | ![]() Supported by: |
![]() ![]() |
Combatant 2 Won |
South African Border War | 1966–1990 | African nationalist forces:
Supported by: |
Anti-communist forces:
Supported by: |
Stalemate |
Nigerian Civil War | 1967–1970 | ![]() Supported by: |
![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 1 Won |
Years of Lead | 1968–1982 | Far-left terrorist groups:![]() Front Line October 22 Group PAC Continuous Struggle PO-AO Supported by: |
![]()
Supported by: Far-right terrorist groups: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Communist insurgency in Malaysia | 1968–1989 | Communist forces:![]()
|
Anti-communist forces:![]() ![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Operation Condor | 1968–1989 | Opponents to the military juntas and right-wing governments in South America.
Supported by: |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Al-Wadiah War | 1969 | ![]() Supported by: |
![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Bangladesh Liberation War | 1971 | ![]() Supported by: |
![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Yemenite War of 1972 | 1972 | ![]() National Democratic Front Supported by: |
![]() Supported by: |
Stalemate |
Angolan Civil War | 1974–2002 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 1 Won |
Ethiopian Civil War | 1974–1991 | ![]() Supported by: |
Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front
Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Lebanese Civil War | 1975–1990 | ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by:
Supported by: Islamic Unification Movement (from 1982)
|
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Tigers Militia (until 1980) Marada Brigades (left LF in 1978; aligned with Syria)
Neutral Parties: Armenian Revolutionary Federation |
Stalemate |
Western Sahara War | 1975–1991 | ![]()
Supported by: |
![]() Supported by: |
Stalemate |
Indonesian occupation of East Timor | 1975–1999 | ![]()
Supported by: |
![]()
Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Shaba I | 1977 | ![]() Supported by: |
![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Combatant 2 Won |
Ogaden War | 1977–1978 | ![]() Supported by: |
![]() ![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 1 Won |
Cambodian-Vietnamese War | 1977–1991 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
![]() Supported by: Post invasion: Supported by: Spillover conflict: |
Combatant 1 Won |
Mozambican Civil War | 1977–1992 | ![]() Supported by: |
![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 1 Won |
Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict | 1977–1997 | ![]()
|
![]() |
Stalemate |
Shaba II | 1978 | ![]() Supported by |
![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Uganda–Tanzania War | 1978–1979 | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() |
Combatant 1 Won |
NDF Rebellion | 1978–1982 | ![]() Supported by: |
![]()
Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Chadian–Libyan conflict | 1978–1987 | ![]()
Supported by: |
![]()
|
Combatant 2 Won |
Yemenite War of 1979 | 1979 | ![]() Supported by: |
![]() Supported by: |
Stalemate |
Soviet–Afghan War | 1979–1989 | ![]()
|
![]()
Supported by: Shia Mujahedeen:
Supported by: Small Maoist groups: Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Sino-Vietnamese War | 1979 | ![]() Supported by: |
![]() |
Stalemate |
Ethiopian–Somali Border War | 1982 | ![]() Somali rebels |
![]() |
Combatant 2 Won |
Sri Lankan Civil War | 1983–2009 | ![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Thai–Laotian Border War | 1987–1988 | ![]() ![]() Supported by |
![]() Supported by |
Stalemate |
Afghan Civil War | 1989–1992 | ![]() Supported by |
![]() Supported by |
Combatant 2 Won |
Modern proxy wars[]
War | Dates | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
Angolan Civil War | 1974–2002 | ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Indonesian occupation of East Timor[citation needed] | 1975–1999 | ![]()
Supported by: |
![]()
Supported by: |
Combatant 1 Won |
Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict | 1977–1997 | ![]()
|
![]() |
Stalemate |
Afghan Civil War | 1989–1992 | ![]() Supported by |
![]() Supported by |
Combatant 1 Won |
Transnistria War | 1991–1992 | ![]() Supported by: |
![]() Supported by |
Combatant 2 Won |
Georgian Civil War | 1991–1993 | ![]() Supported by: |
![]()
|
Combatant 2 Won |
Yugoslav Wars[citation needed] | 1991-2001 | ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
|
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]()
|
Combatant 1 Won |
Tajikistani Civil War[citation needed] | 1992–1997 | United Tajik Opposition
|
![]() Supported by: |
Stalemate |
Second Afar insurgency | 1995–2018 | ![]() Supported by: ![]() |
RSADO EPLF SPDM Supported by: ![]() |
Combatant 2 Won |
First Congo War | 1996–1997 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Nepalese Civil War | 1996-2006 | ![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Combatant 2 Won |
Second Republic of the Congo Civil War | 1997–1999 | ![]() Ninja Militia ![]() Supported by: |
![]() Cobra Militia ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 2 Won |
Guinea-Bissau Civil War | 1998–1999 | ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() |
![]() Supported by: ![]() |
Combatant 2 Won |
First Ivorian Civil War | 2002-2007 | ![]() ![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Stalemate |
Iraqi insurgency | 2011–2014 | ![]()
Supported by: |
Shi'a factions:
|
Stalemate |
First Libyan Civil War | 2011-2011 | ![]() Supported by: |
![]() Supported by: |
Combatant 1 Won |
Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon | 2012–17 | ![]()
Supported by: |
Pro-Syrian government militias:
Supported by: Other militias: |
Combatant 1 Won |
Ongoing proxy wars[]
War | Dates | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|
Internal conflict in Myanmar | 1948–present | ![]()
Supported by: |
Opposition forces
...and others Supported by: |
Ongoing |
Balochistan conflict | 1948–present | Baloch separatist groups
Supported by: Sectarian groups
|
![]()
|
Ongoing |
Arab–Israeli conflict | 1948–present | ![]()
Supported by: |
![]() Supported by: |
Ongoing |
Xinjiang conflict | 1960s–present | ETPRP (1969–1989) URFET (1969–1989) Supported by: |
![]() |
Ongoing |
Insurgency in Northeast India | 1963–present | ACF![]() BKI DHD (until 2013) GNLA HNLC ![]() IRF KCP ![]() ![]() KYKL MULTA Supported by: |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
Ongoing |
Civil conflict in the Philippines | 1969–present | Communist forces:![]()
Supported by: |
Anti-communist forces:![]()
Supported by: |
Ongoing |
Cabinda War | 1975–present | ![]() Supported by: |
![]()
Supported by: |
Ongoing |
Insurgency in Laos | 1975–present | ![]() Supported by: |
Hmong insurgents
Ethnic Liberation Organization of Laos
Chao Fa (to 1984) Supported by: |
Ongoing |
Civil conflict in Turkey | 1976–present | TAK![]() MKP-HKO-PHG Maoist Party Maoist Party Centre ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
![]() Supported by: |
Ongoing |
Internal conflict in Peru | 1980–present | ![]()
Supported by: |
![]()
Supported by: |
Ongoing |
Papua conflict | 1962–present | ![]() Supported by: |
Supported by: |
Ongoing |
Naxalite–Maoist insurgency | 1967–present | ![]() Supported by: Right-wing paramilitary groups: |
![]()
Supported by: |
Ongoing |
Cabinda War | 1975–present | ![]()
Supported by: |
![]() Supported by: |
Ongoing |
Mozambican Civil War | 1977–1992 | ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
![]() Supported by: |
Ongoing |
Iran-Saudi Arabia proxy conflict | 1979–present | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Supported by: |
![]()
Supported by: |
Ongoing |
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict[citation needed] | 1988–present | ![]() ![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() |
![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Ongoing |
Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir | 1989–present | ![]()
Supported by: |
![]()
|
Ongoing |
Georgian-Ossetian conflict | 1989–present | ![]() Supported by: ![]() |
![]() Supported by: ![]() |
Ongoing |
Abkhaz–Georgian conflict | 1989–present | ![]() Supported by: ![]() |
![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() |
Ongoing |
Allied Democratic Forces insurgency | 1995–present | ![]()
Supported by: |
![]()
|
Ongoing |
War in Darfur | 2003–present | ![]()
SARC |
![]()
Supported by: |
Ongoing |
Paraguayan People's Army insurgency | 2005–present | ![]() |
Paraguayan People's Army (EPP) Armed Peasant Association (ACA) Supported by: |
Ongoing |
Yemeni Crisis (part of Iran-Saudi Arabia proxy conflicts) | 2011–present | ![]() ![]() Supported by:
|
![]() Supported by: |
Ongoing |
Syrian Civil War[394][395] | 2011–present | ![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]()
|
Ongoing |
Ukrainian crisis | 2013–present | ![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]()
|
![]()
|
Ongoing |
Second Libyan Civil War | 2014–present | ![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() Supported by: ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Ongoing |
Notes[]
- ^ Known as the National Redemption Front prior to 2011.
A The name Kenya Land and Freedom Army is sometimes heard in connection with Mau Mau. KLFA is not simply another name for Mau Mau: it was the name that Dedan Kimathi used for a coordinating body which he tried to set up for Mau Mau. It was also the name of another militant group that sprang up briefly in the spring of 1960; the group was broken up during a brief operation from 26 March to 30 April.[438]
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The Turkish establishment considered the Kurds' demand for the recognition of their identity a threat to the territorial integrity of the state, the more so because the PKK was supported by countries hostile to Turkey: Soviet Union, Greece, Cyprus, Iran and especially Syria. Syria hosted the organization and its leader for twenty years, and it provided training facilities in the Beka'a Valley of Syrian-controlled northern Lebanon.
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With the explicit supports of some Arab countries for the PKK such as Syria...
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Other groups that have received Libyan support include the Turkish PKK...
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Aliev thanked Pakistan for its support in the Karabakh conflict.
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...Erdoğan noted that Turkey's unconditional support for Azerbaijan...
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But as subsequent events evolved it became all too apparent that Ukraine has steadfastly stood behind Azerbaijan in the Nagorno-Karabagh conflict all along. ...it was reported from Stepanakert that Ukraine had shipped 40 tanks to Azerbaijan. Later that number was raised to 59. Ukraine had also supplied Azerbaijan with Mig-21 attack places.
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:JUAN GONZÁLEZ: And the concerns in some circles that this is really developing into a proxy war with Iran and Hezbollah, rather than actually trying to deal with the situation internally within Syria? :PATRICK COCKBURN: Yeah, it already has turned into a proxy war. You can see that with—Hezbollah and Iran were involved, but also the U.S. was—had already combined with Qatar to send weapons. Qatar has sent up to $3 billion to the rebels, 70 loads of flights of weapons, organized by—with the CIA. - ^ "Resurgent Russia takes on tenacious Turkey". Al Jazeera. 9 December 2015. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
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- Lists of wars
- Proxy wars