United States of Venezuela
United States of Venezuela Estados Unidos de Venezuela (Spanish) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1864–1953 | |||||||||
| Motto: "Dios y Federación" (Spanish) ("God and Federation") | |||||||||
| Anthem: Gloria al Bravo Pueblo ("Glory to the Brave People") (since 1881) | |||||||||
 United States of Venezuela in 1890 | |||||||||
| Capital | Caracas | ||||||||
| Common languages | Spanish | ||||||||
| Religion | None | ||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Venezolano (male) Venezolana (female) | ||||||||
| Government | Federal Republic | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
• 1864-1868 | Juan Crisóstomo Falcón (first) | ||||||||
• 1952-1953 | Marcos Pérez Jiménez (last) | ||||||||
| Legislature | Unicameral Congress | ||||||||
| Historical era | Mid 19th – Mid 20th centuries | ||||||||
• Established | 22 April 1864 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 11 April 1953 | ||||||||
| Currency | Venezuelan peso (until 1871) Venezuelan venezolano (1871 – 1879) Venezuelan bolívar (since 1879) | ||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | VE | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of |  Venezuela Guyana Brazil | ||||||||
The United States of Venezuela (Spanish: Estados Unidos de Venezuela) was the official name of Venezuela, adopted in its 1864 constitution under the Juan Crisóstomo Falcón government. This remained the official name until 1953, when the constitution of that year renamed it the Republic of Venezuela. In 1999 under newly elected president Hugo Chavez and his modification to the Constitution, Venezuela's official name became the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.[1]
Flag[]
The United States of Venezuela used three official flags in its time:
1863 – 1905
Decree of Juan Crisóstomo Falcón
1905 – 1930
Decree of Cipriano Castro
1930 – 1954
Decree of Juan Vicente Gómez
History[]
Original name[]
From 1830 to 1857 the official name of the country was Spanish: Estado de Venezuela ("State of Venezuela").[2] The 1858 constitution gave it the official name Spanish: República de Venezuela ("Republic of Venezuela").[3] After the Liberal Party (Partido Liberal) won power in the Federal War it called for a constitutional convention, to establish the constitution on federal principles. On 28 March 1864, members of the convention met in Caracas to sign it. President Falcón ordered its publication and circulation on 13 April, and on 22 April it was finally ratified by the Ministers of the Interior and Justice, Finance, Development, and War and Sea.[4]
Change of name[]
The 1953 constitution included a transitional provision to change the official name from Estados Unidos de Venezuela ("United States of Venezuela") to República de Venezuela ("Republic of Venezuela").[5] The next constitution, of 1961, confirmed the new name.[6] Venezuela is currently, under the new Constitution of 1999, officially known as the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela),[1]
Geography[]
Borders[]
The 1864 constitution established the borders of the United States of Venezuela to be the same of those of the 1810 Captaincy General of Venezuela.[4] This statement has been preserved throughout subsequent constitutions.
Because of long-running territorial dispute between the United States of Venezuela and the United Kingdom over Guayana Esequiba several countries called for an international court of justice to settle the matter, which was held in Paris in 1899, and ruled in the UK's favour. From 1900 to 1905, Venezuela participated in the Joint Committee of the British-Venezuelan Border for the final demarcation between the two countries, which was signed in September 1907. In 1932, Juan Vicente Gómez agreed a point on the summit of Mount Roraima as the three-way boundary between Brazil, British Guiana and Venezuela.
In 1941 President Eleazar López Contreras and the Colombian President signed the Tratado de Límites de 1941 entre Colombia and Venezuela, the border treaty between the two countries, which ceded 108,000 square kilometres (42,000 square miles) of territory to Colombia.
Subdivisions[]
1864[]
The 1864 constitution gave these former provinces the status as states:
It was stated that the boundaries would remain as in 1856.[4]
1881[]
The 1881 constitution merged the states created in 1864 into eight, larger states:[7]
- : comprising Barcelona, Cumaná and Maturín.
- : comprising Bolívar, Guzmán Blanco (Aragua), Guárico and Nueva Esparta.
- Carabobo: comprising Carabobo and Nirgua.
- : comprising Cojedes, Portuguesa and Zamora (Barinas).
- : comprising Barquisimeto and Yaracuy, except for Nirgua.
- : comprising Guzmán (Mérida), Trujillo and Táchira.
- Bolívar: comprising Guayana and Apure.
- Falcón Zulia: comprising Zulia and Coro.
1891[]
The 1891 constitution established new state boundaries:[8]
- : comprising Barcelona, Cumaná and Maturín.
- Miranda: comprising Bolívar, Guzmán Blanco, Guárico and Nueva Esparta.
- Carabobo: comprising Carabobo and Nirgua.
- : comprising Cojedes, Portuguesa and Zamora.
- Lara: comprising Barquisimeto and Yaracuy, but excluding the Nirgua department.
- : comprising Guzmán, Trujillo and Táchira.
- Bolívar: comprising Guayana and Apure.
- Zulia: unitary state.
- Falcón: unitary state.
1901[]
The 1901 constitution established new divisions of the states:[9]
- Apure
- Aragua
- Bolívar (previously Guayana)
- Barcelona
- Carabobo
- Cojedes
- Falcón (previously Coro)
- Guárico
- Lara (previously Barquisimeto)
- Mérida
- Miranda (previously Caracas)
- Maturín
- Sucre (previously Cumaná)
- Nueva Esparta (previously Margarita)
- Portuguesa
- Táchira
- Trujillo
- Yaracuy
- Zamora (previously Barinas)
- Zulia (previously Maracaibo)
1904[]
New division of territory:[10]
- Aragua
- Bermúdez
- Bolívar
- Carabobo
- Falcón
- Guárico
- Lara
- Mérida
- Miranda
- Táchira
- Trujillo
- Zamora
- Zulia
1909[]
Another division of territory, and new names for some of the states:[11]
- Distrito Federal
- Anzoátegui
- Apure
- Aragua
- Bolívar
- Carabobo
- Cojedes
- Falcón
- Guárico
- Lara
- Mérida
- Miranda
- Monagas
- Nueva Esparta
- Portuguesa
- Sucre
- Táchira
- Trujillo
- Yaracuy
- Zamora
- Zulia
- Federal territories: Amazonas and Delta Amacuro
1925[]
Creation of the Federal Dependencies of Venezuela (Spanish: Dependencias federales), shore islands belonging to Venezuela in the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Venezuela.
However, Margarita Island (Spanish: Isla Margarita or Isla de Margarita) became part of the State of Nueva Esparta.[12]
1928[]
Coche Island (Spanish: Isla de Coche) was incorporated into the State of Nueva Esparta. [13]
Minor changes under Juan V. Gòmez.
1947[]
The state of Zamora was renamed to Barinas and the island of Cubagua (Spanish: Isla de Cubagua) was incorporated into Nueva Esparta. [14]
Politics and government[]
Constitutions[]
After the 1864 Constitution of the United States of Venezuela, there were several revisions under different governments.
These were in 1874, 1881, 1891, 1893–94, 1901, 1909, 1914, 1922, 1925, 1928, 1929, 1931, 1936, 1945.
After a Decree of the Revolutionary Government, the constitution was revised further in 1947 and 1953.
Presidents[]
| Legend: | Partido Liberal | Military dictatorship | Independent | Partido Democrático | Acción Democrática |
|---|
| President | Time in Office | Means of Appointment | Title | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Juan Crisóstomo Falcón | 1863 – 1865 | Victory in the Federal War (first term) | General |
|
Juan Crisóstomo Falcón | 1865 – April 1868 | Indirect election (second term) | General |
 |
Manuel Ezequiel Bruzual | 1868 – 1868 | President-elect | soldier |
 |
Guillermo Tell Villegas | 1868 – 1869 | President-elect | Lawyer and soldier |
 |
José Ruperto Monagas | 1869 – 1870 | Revolution | General |
|
Guillermo Tell Villegas | 1870 | President-elect | Lawyer and soldier |
 |
Antonio Guzmán Blanco | 1870 – 1877 | Revolution (first term) | Lawyer and General |
|
Antonio Guzmán Blanco | 1870 – 1877 | Indirect election (second term) | Lawyer and General |
 |
Francisco Linares Alcántara | 1877 – 1878 | Indirect election | General |
 |
José Gregorio Varela | 1878 – 1878 | President-elect by Congress | Soldier and politician |
|
Antonio Guzmán Blanco | 1879 – 1880 | Election by the Federal States | Lawyer and General |
|
Antonio Guzmán Blanco | 1880 – 1882 | Election by the Federal States | Lawyer and General |
|
Antonio Guzmán Blanco | 1882 – 1884 | Election by the Federal States | Lawyer and General |
 |
Joaquín Sinforiano de Jesús Crespo | 1884 – 1886 | Election by the Federal States | General |
|
Antonio Guzmán Blanco | 1886 – 1887 | Election by the Federal States | Lawyer and General |
 |
Hermógenes López | 1887 – 1888 | Interim President | General |
 |
Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl | 1888 – 1890 | Election by the Federal States | Lawyer |
 |
Raimundo Andueza Palacio | 1890 – 1892 | Election by the Federal States | Lawyer |
|
Guillermo Tell Villegas | 1892 – 1892 | Interim President | Lawyer and soldier |
|
Joaquín Sinforiano de Jesús Crespo | 1892 – 1894 | Revolution | General |
|
Joaquín Sinforiano de Jesús Crespo | 1894 – 1898 | Revolution | General |
 |
Ignacio Andrade | 1898-1899 | Direct election | Politician |
 |
Cipriano Castro Ruiz | 1899-1908 | Revolution | General |
 |
Juan Vicente Gómez | 1908 – 1914 | Coup d'etat | General |
 |
Victorino Márquez Bustillos | 1915 – 1922 | President-elect | Lawyer/politician |
|
Juan Vicente Gómez | 1922 – 1929 | Election by the National Congress | General |
 |
Juan Bautista Pérez | 30 May 1929 – 13 June 1931 | Election by the National Congress | Lawyer/judge |
|
Juan Vicente Gómez | 1931 – 1935 | Election by the National Congress | General |
 |
Eleazar López Contreras | 1935 – 1936 | Interim president (first term) | General |
|
Eleazar López Contreras | 1936 – 1941 | Indirect election (second term) | General |
| Isaías Medina Angarita | 1941 – 1945 | Indirect election | General | |
 |
Rómulo Ernesto Betancourt Bello | 1945 – 1948 | Coup d'etat | Politician |
 |
Rómulo Gallegos reire | 1948 – 1948 | Direct election | Writer/Novelist |
 |
Carlos Delgado Chalbaud | 1948 – 1950 | Coup d'etat | Soldier |
 |
Germán Suárez Flamerich | 1950 – 1952 | Interim President | Lawyer |
| Marcos Pérez Jiménez | 1952-1958 | Coup d'etat (election declared invalid) | Soldier |
References[]
 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. (November 2014) |
- ^ a b "Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela" (PDF). Ministry of Education. 15 December 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2013. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
- ^ "Constitución del Estado de Venezuela de 1830". Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (in Spanish). Index. Archived from the original on 2012-06-29.
- ^ "Constitución de 1858". Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (in Spanish). I. 1. Archived from the original on 2014-11-30.
- ^ a b c "Constitución de 1864". Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (in Spanish). I. 1. Archived from the original on 2014-11-30.
- ^ "Constitución de los Estados Unidos de Venezuela de 1953". Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (in Spanish). I. 34. Archived from the original on 2014-11-30.
- ^ "Constitución de la República de Venezuela de 1961". Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (in Spanish). Index. Archived from the original on 2012-06-29.
- ^ "Constitución de 1881". Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (in Spanish). I. 3. Archived from the original on 2014-11-30.
- ^ "Constitución de 1891". Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (in Spanish). I. 4. Archived from the original on 2014-11-30.
- ^ "Constitución de los Estados Unidos de Venezuela de 1901". Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (in Spanish). I. 2. Archived from the original on 2014-11-30.
- ^ "Constitución de 1904". Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (in Spanish). I. 2. Archived from the original on 2014-11-30.
- ^ "Constitución de los Estados Unidos de Venezuela de 1909". Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (in Spanish). I. 5. Archived from the original on 2014-11-30.
- ^ "Constitución de 1925". Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (in Spanish). I. 3. Archived from the original on 2014-11-30.
- ^ "Constitución de los Estados Unidos de Venezuela de 1928". Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (in Spanish). I. 3. Archived from the original on 2014-11-30.
- ^ "Constitución de los Estados Unidos de Venezuela de 1947". Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (in Spanish). I. 3. Archived from the original on 2014-11-30.
- History of Venezuela
- 19th century in Venezuela
- 20th century in Venezuela
- 1864 establishments in South America
- 1953 disestablishments in South America
- Former countries of the Cold War
- States and territories disestablished in 1953
- States and territories established in 1864