Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) एकीकृत नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी) | |
---|---|
Abbreviation | UCPN (Maoist) |
Chairman | Puspa Kamal Dahal[1] |
General Secretary | Ram Bahadur Thapa Posta Bahadur Bogati Krishna Bahadur Mahara |
Vice-president | Baburam Bhattarai Mohan Baidya Narayan Kaji Shrestha |
Founded | 13 January 2009 |
Dissolved | 19 May 2016 |
Merger of | CPN (Maoist) CPN (Unity Centre–Masal) |
Succeeded by | Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) |
Headquarters | Parisdanda, Kathmandu |
Political position | Left-wing to far-left |
Colours | |
Election symbol | |
The Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre), abbreviated UCPN (Maoist), (Nepali: एकीकृत नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी)), was a political party in Nepal. It was founded in 2009 after merging with minor Communist parties including the Janamorcha Nepal.[2] On May 19, 2016, it merged with ten other breakaway factions and minor parties to form Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre).[3][4]
History[]
Formation[]
On 13 January 2009, the CPN (Maoist) and CPN (Unity Centre–Masal) merged to form the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist).[5] The election front of CPN (Unity Centre–Masal), Janamorcha Nepal also merged into the party and with its 8 seats took the Maoists' total strength to 237 in the Constituent Assembly.
First Constituent Assembly[]
The Maoist government fell after its coalition partners withdrew support from the government after Dahal tried to sack the army chief, Rookmangud Katuwal.[6] President Ram Baran Yadav rejected Dahal's proposal to sack the army chief and he resigned on 4 May 2009.[7] After the Maoist government fell, a faction under Matrika Prasad Yadav split from the party and reformed the former CPN (Maoist). Matrika Prasad Yadav and Jagat Prasad Yadav resigned from the Constituent Assembly who were replaced from among the party list.[8]
In February 2011 the Maoists formed a coalition with the CPN (Unified Marxist-Leninist) leading to formation of government under Jhala Nath Khanal.[9]
The government could not agree a deal to complete the integration of former Maoist combatants and Khanal resigned on 15 August 2011 to pave the way for a formation of a national consensus government.[10] Almost two weeks later, Baburam Bhattarai was elected prime minister defeating Ram Chandra Paudel from the Nepali Congress 340–235. The government under Bhattarai was able to get finalize a deal to integrate the former Maoist guerrillas and a deal was signed with all major parties on 1 November 2011. Hardliner factions inside the party, like party vice-chairman Mohan Baidya, were however unsatisfied with the decision.[11]
The government however failed to agree a consensus on the drafting of the new constitution and on 28 May 2012, Baburam Bhattarai requested President Ram Baran Yadav to dissolve the Constituent Assembly and call for fresh elections.[12]
On 18 June 2012, party vice-chairman Mohan Baidya split the party and formed the Communist Party of Nepal—Maoist. He accused the party of being filled with opportunists and the leadership of destroying the achievements of the People's War. He also termed accepting the line of "democratic republic" in 2005 and signing the Comprehensive Peace Accord in 2006 as major mistakes by the Maoist leadership.[13] Baburam Bhattrai resigned as prime minister and on 14 March 2013, Chief Justice Khil Raj Regmi was appointed as an interim prime minister to hold the elections.[14][15]
Second Constituent Assembly, 2013–2015[]
In the 2013 Constituent Assembly election, held on 19 November 2013, the UCPN (Maoist) won just 80 seats and an additional 3 seats were nominated from the party to the 2nd Constituent Assembly compared to 237 in the 1st Constituent Assemby. The result meant that the Maoists were dropped to be the third largest party in the Constituent Assembly from first in past.[16] Nepali congress became the largest party obtaining 226 seats. The party rejected the results and blamed it on an "international and national" conspiracy and warned that the party would sit out of the newly elected Constituent Assembly.[17][18]
The party later agreed to join the new constituent assembly and Onsari Gharti Magar from the party was elected as the vice-chairman of the Constituent Assembly on 26 February 2014.[19][20] Nepali Congress president Sushil Koirala became the new prime minister of Nepal but the Maoists did not join his government. The new Constituent Assembly was finally able to deliver a constitution and on 17 September 2015, the Constitution of Nepal, 2015 was approved by 507 members under the leadership of Nepali Congress.[21][22] Baburam Bhattarai resigned from the newly formed Legislature Parliament of Nepal and the party following the announcement of the constitution and formed Naya Shakti Party, Nepal.[23][24]
Federal Republic and dissolution[]
Pushpa Kamal Dahal became prime minister for the second time on 3 August 2016, before resigning on 25 May 2017 to make way for Sher Bahadur Deuba to become prime minister as per an agreement with Nepali Congress.[25][26] On 19 May 2016, ten Maoist parties including pro-unity factions from the Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist) and Communist Party of Nepal and the Matrika Yadav-led Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) merged with the party. The party renamed itself to Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) following the merger.[27][28]
Electoral performance[]
Legislative elections[]
Election | Leader | Votes | Seats | Position | Resulting government | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | +/– | ||||
2013 | Pushpa Kamal Dahal | 1,439,726 | 15.21 | 80 / 575
|
140 | 3rd | In opposition |
Leadership[]
Chairmen[]
- Pushpa Kamal Dahal, 2009–2016
General secretaries[]
- Post Bahadur Bogati, 2013–2014
- Krishna Bahadur Mahara, 2014–2016
- 2018
Prime Ministers of Nepal[]
No. | Prime Minister | Portrait | Term in office | Legislature | Cabinet | Constituency | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Start | End | Tenure | ||||||
1 | Pushpa Kamal Dahal | 18 August 2008 | 25 May 2009 | 280 days | 1st Constituent Assembly | Dahal, 2008 | Kathmandu 10 | |
2 | Baburam Bhattarai | 29 August 2011 | 14 March 2013 | 1 year, 197 days | 1st Constituent Assembly | Bhattarai, 2011 | Gorkha 2 |
Sister organizations[]
- Young Communist League, Nepal
- All Nepal National Independent Students' Union (Revolutionary)
- All Nepal Women's Association Revolutionary
- Press Centre Nepal
- All Nepal Trade Union Federation (Revolutionary)
- Nepal National Civil Servants Employees Association
- Newa Rastriya Mukti Morcha, Nepal
See also[]
- Communist Party of Nepal (Unity Centre)
- United People's Front of Nepal
- Communist Party of Nepal (Revolutionary Maoist)
- Naya Shakti Party, Nepal
References[]
- ^ "कान्तिपुर - नेपालको राष्ट्रिय दैनिक, Online News and articles from Kantipur Daily".
- ^ "Nepali leading CPN-M unified with minor communist party - People's Daily Online". en.people.cn. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
- ^ "Ten Maoist parties merge to form CPN Maoist Centre". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
- ^ Diwakar (2016-05-19). "Maoist parties unite to form CPN Maoist Centre". The Himalayan Times. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
- ^ "Nepali leading CPN-M unified with minor communist party - People's Daily Online". en.people.cn. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ "Nepal communists quit in protest". 2009-05-03. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ "Nepal's Maoist prime minister resigns after clash with president". the Guardian. 2009-05-04. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ "संबिधानसभाकाे सदस्य रिक्त भएकाे सूचना". rajpatra.dop.gov.np. Retrieved 2020-12-13.
- ^ Jha, Prashant (2011-02-06). "Khanal sworn in Nepal's Premier". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ By Manesh Shrestha, For CNN. "Nepal's prime minister resigns". Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ "Nepal parties agree final part of landmark peace deal". BBC News. 2011-11-01. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ Chapagain, Kiran; Yardley, Jim (2012-05-28). "Legislature in Nepal Disbands in Failure (Published 2012)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ Jha, Prashant (2012-06-18). "Nepal's Maoists split; Kiran faction walks away". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ "How Nepal has come to be ruled by its chief justice". Hindustan Times. 2013-03-14. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ Sharma, Gopal (2013-03-13). "Chief justice to lead Nepal's interim government to elections". Reuters. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ Mallet, Victor (4 December 2013). "Maoists defeated in Nepal election". Financial Times. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ "Nepal's Maoists digest impending electoral wipe-out". BBC News. 2013-11-21. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ Sharma, Gopal (2013-11-21). "Nepal election in shambles as Maoists claim fraud, reject result". Reuters. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ "Nepal Maoists to join new constituent assembly". BBC News. 2013-12-24. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ "Onsari elected CA vice chair". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ "Nepal Parliament Passes Constitution". Time. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ Adkin, Ross (2015-09-20). "Nepal adopts constitution born of bloodshed, compromise". Reuters. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ "Baburam Bhattarai severs ties with UCPN-Maoist, resigns from Parliament also, to remain as independent citizen for now". The Himalayan Times. 2015-09-26. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ "Nepali Times | The Brief » Blog Archive » Bhattarai quits Maoist party". Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ Sharma, Bhadra (2016-08-03). "Nepal Elects Pushpa Kamal Dahal as New Prime Minister". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-07-04.
- ^ "Nepal PM Pushpa Kamal Dahal steps down". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2017-07-04.
- ^ "Maoist parties unite to form CPN Maoist Centre". The Himalayan Times. 2016-05-19. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
- ^ "Ten Maoist parties merge to form CPN Maoist Centre". Retrieved 2018-04-18.
External links[]
- History and statements of Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
- L'Espresso Interview with Prachanda: Our Revolution Won November 2006
- Returned: Child Soldiers of Nepal's Maoist Army Directed by Robert Koenig
- BBC news Video/Transcript Interview with Prachanda
- Interview with Baburam Bhattarai Washington Times, December 14, 2002
- Li Onesto, a journalist who has spent a great deal of time covering the Maoists
- Nepal Maoists, live news feed
- A critical view of the Maoists from Global Security
- National Geographic Slideshow "Inside Nepals Revolution"
- International Road-Building Brigades to Nepal official website
- "From Jungle Fatigues to Sensible Suits: Nepal's Maoists Join Government" World Politics Watch, April 6, 2007
- Waiting for Mao's Maya by Peter J Karthak, Republica, May 21, 2009
- 2009 establishments in Nepal
- 2016 disestablishments in Nepal
- Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)
- Defunct communist parties in Nepal
- Political parties disestablished in 2016
- Political parties established in 2009