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List of sculptures of Ludwig van Beethoven
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Beethoven_bust_statue_by_Hagen.jpg/220px-Beethoven_bust_statue_by_Hagen.jpg)
The German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) is among the most admired composers in the history of Western music,[1] and has been the subject of many private and public sculptures, including busts, reliefs, statues and others. The first, a bust by Franz Klein, was commissioned by Johann Andreas Streicher and created in 1812, while the composer was still alive.[2] After Beethoven's death in 1827, his hometown, Bonn, immediately began planning a monument for the following year,[3] though a cholera outbreak delayed this.[4] A design competition was eventually held, in which a submission by Ernst Julius Hähnel beat ones from Friedrich von Amerling, Gustav Blaeser and Friedrich Drake. In 1845, Hähnel's monument was erected, due to finances given by Robert Schumann, Charles Hallé, George Thomas Smart and especially Franz Liszt.[3][5] While the monument's height and simplicity were criticized, the reliefs surrounding the base were met with public approval.[5] The statue's representation of a figure standing on a decorated base with its legs slightly apart was popular at the time, and later inspired Theodore Baur's statue of c. 1895 in the Library of Congress.[6]
Despite this, the Beethoven monuments that followed Hähnel's, while retaining a high pedestal,[7] began to portray the composer in a less simplistic and increasingly heroic light.[8] The most significant representative of this, and the most famous Beethoven monument from the second half of the 19th century, was Kaspar von Zumbusch's 1880 monument in , Vienna.[9] The city had intended to erect a monument for Beethoven since his death,[3] but serious action to do so began only in the 1870s, when a competition for a design was held and Zumbusch's winning design was created with financial support from Liszt and Brahms.[10]
In the early 20th century, the glorified portrayals of Beethoven reached their peak, with god-like representations such as Max Klinger's monument (1902), unveiled at the Vienna Secession[11] (now in the Museum der bildenden Künste),[12] and Fidus's unexecuted design for a 'Beethoven temple' (1903).[13] The 20th century also saw a brief return to the simplistic style of the 19th century, such as Robert Weigl's statue at the in Vienna (1910) and statue in Karlsbad (1929).[14] Also at this time, Antoine Bourdelle and Naoum Aronson, both students of Auguste Rodin, began creating busts of the composer; Bourdelle was especially prolific.[15] As the century progressed, ideas on depicting Beethoven became largely ununified, and were often especially allegorical, such as Theodor von Gosen's monument in Alameda Central, Mexico City (1921).[16] In 1926, Berlin hosted a monument competition in preparation for the composer's 100th anniversary the following year; the entire competition was controversial and was eventually canceled due to criticism from the press and the committee's inability to form a consensus.[17] There had been submissions from famous sculptors including Ernst Barlach, Peter Breuer and Georg Kolbe, although Breuer and Kolbe eventually had their designs constructed in 1938 and 1948 respectively.[17] After World War II, experimentation in portraying Beethoven increased even further, exemplified by three-dimensonal reproduction (1986) of Joseph Karl Stieler's painted portrait and Markus Lüpertz's controversial abstract portrayal (2014).[18][19]
There is a large collection of busts in the Beethoven House, a museum and cultural institution based in Bonn that studies Beethoven's life and legacy, including ones by an unknown artist based on a sculpture by Josef Danhauser (c. 1890);[20] Fernando Cian (first quarter of the 20th century);[21] Pierre Félix Masseau (1902);[22] Aronson (1905);[15] a mask supposedly by (1920–1927);[23] Eduard Merz (1945/46);[24] (1981);[25] and Cantemir Riscutia (1998).[26]
Sculptures[]
Image | Type | Location | Date[a] | Sculptor | Ref(s) | ||||
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Bust | Kunsthistorisches Museum Vienna, Austria ![]() |
1812 | Franz Klein | [2] | ||||
|
Bust | La Scala Milan, Italy ![]() |
First half of the 19th century | Anton Dietrich | [27] | ||||
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Statue | Bonn, Germany ![]() |
12 August 1845 | Ernst Julius Hähnel | [3][5][28] | ||||
Relief | Liceu Barcelona, Spain ![]() |
March 1847 | Agapit Vallmitjana i Barbany | [29] | |||||
|
Relief | Conservatoire de Musique de Genève Geneva, Switzerland ![]() |
1856–58 | Louis Dorcière | [30] | ||||
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Bust | Beethovengang, Heiligenstadt Vienna, Austria ![]() |
15/23 June 1863 | Anton Dominik Fernkorn | [31] | ||||
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Bust | Walhalla Donaustauf, Germany ![]() |
1866 | Arnold Hermann Lossow after Anton Dietrich | [32] | ||||
|
Bust | Royal Philharmonic Society London, United Kingdom ![]() |
1871 | Johann Nepomuk Schaller | [33][34] | ||||
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Relief | Frieze of Parnassus Albert Memorial London, United Kingdom ![]() |
1872 | Henry Hugh Armstead | [35] | ||||
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Statue | Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp, Belgium ![]() |
1874 | [36][37] | |||||
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Other sculpture | Galleria d'Arte Moderna Milan, Italy ![]() |
1874 | Giuseppe Grandi | [38] | ||||
|
Other sculpture | Galleria Civica d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea Turin, Italy ![]() |
1874 | Giuseppe Grandi | [39] | ||||
|
Bust | Grand Théâtre de Genève Geneva, Switzerland ![]() |
1879 | Bertheauld? | [40] | ||||
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Statue | Vienna, Austria ![]() |
1 May 1880 | Kaspar von Zumbusch | [9] | ||||
|
Relief | Alte Oper Frankfurt, Germany ![]() |
1880 | Unknown | [41] | ||||
Bust | Central Park New York, New York, US ![]() |
22 July 1884 | Henry Baerer | [42][43][44] | |||||
|
Bust | Tower Grove Park St. Louis, Missouri, US ![]() |
1884 | Ferdinand Freiherr von Miller | [45] | ||||
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Bust | Concertgebouw Amsterdam, Netherlands ![]() |
1888 | Johannes French | [46] | ||||
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Bust | Beethoven House Bonn, Germany ![]() |
c. 1890 | Unknown (based on a sculpture by Josef Danhauser) |
[20] | ||||
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Bust | Library of Congress Washington, D.C., US ![]() |
1892 | Hugo Hagen | [47] | ||||
Bust | Prospect Park New York, New York, US ![]() |
20 October 1894 | Henry Baerer | [48] | |||||
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Statue | Naples, Italy ![]() |
1895 | Francesco Jerace | [49] | ||||
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Statue | Library of Congress Washington, D.C., US ![]() |
c. 1895 | Theodore Baur | [6] | ||||
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Bust | ?[b] Last seen in Lincoln Park Chicago, Illinois, US ![]() |
1897 | Johannes Gelert | [50] | ||||
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Relief | Helenental Baden bei Wien, Austria ![]() |
1899 | [51] | |||||
|
Statue | New England Conservatory of Music Boston, Massachusetts, US ![]() |
1900 | Thomas Crawford | [52] | ||||
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Bust | Garden of the Beethoven House Bonn, Germany ![]() |
First quarter of the 20th century | Fernando Cian[c] | [21] | ||||
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Bust | Garden of the Beethoven House Bonn, Germany ![]() |
1902 | Pierre Félix Masseau | [22] | ||||
Statue | Museum der bildenden Künste Leipzig, Germany ![]() |
1902 | Max Klinger | [12][53][54] | |||||
|
Relief (architectural) | Eisenach, Germany ![]() |
1902 | Unknown | [55] | ||||
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Other sculpture | Museum of Fine Arts Boston, Massachusetts, US ![]() |
After 1902 | Max Klinger | [56] | ||||
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Other sculpture | Tiergarten Berlin, Germany ![]() |
1904 | Rudolf and Wolfgang Siemering | [57] | ||||
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Bust | Garden of the Beethoven House Bonn, Germany ![]() |
1905 | Naoum Aronson | [15] | ||||
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Other sculpture | Museum der bildenden Künste Leipzig, Germany ![]() |
1907 | Max Klinger | [58] | ||||
Statue | Aston Webb Building, University of Birmingham Birmingham, United Kingdom ![]() |
1907 | Henry Alfred Pegram | [59] | |||||
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Statue | Döbling, Vienna, Austria ![]() |
1910 | Robert Weigl | [14][60] | ||||
Bust | Golden Gate Park San Francisco, California, US ![]() |
6 August 1915 | Henry Baerer | [61] | |||||
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Bust | Parque de la Independencia Rosario, Argentina ![]() |
1917 | Erminio Blotta | [62] | ||||
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Mask | Garden of the Beethoven House Bonn, Germany ![]() |
1920–1927 | [d] | [23] | ||||
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Statue | Alameda Central Mexico City, Mexico ![]() |
1921 | Theodor von Gosen | [16] | ||||
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Relief | Ungargasse 5 Vienna, Austria ![]() |
7 May 1924 | [63] | |||||
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Relief | Malá Strana Prague, Czech Republic ![]() |
March 1927 | Otakar Španiel | [64] | ||||
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Bust | Baden bei Wien, Austria ![]() |
10 May 1927 | [65] | |||||
Bust | Martonvásár, Hungary ![]() |
1927 | Jànos Pàsztor | [66] | |||||
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Statue | Nuremberg, Germany ![]() |
1927 | Konrad Roth | [67] | ||||
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Statue | Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic ![]() |
29 September 1929 | [68] | |||||
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Statue | Budapest, Hungary ![]() |
1932 | János Horvay | [69][70] | ||||
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Statue | Pershing Square Los Angeles, California, US ![]() |
14 October 1932[e] | Unknown | [71] | ||||
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Relief | Rostock, Germany ![]() |
1934 | Paul Wallat | [72] | ||||
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Bonn, Germany ![]() |
1938 | Peter Breuer | [73] | |||||
Other sculpture | Buenos Aires, Argentina ![]() |
15 November 1944 | José Fioravanti | [74] | |||||
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Bust | Garden of the Beethoven House Bonn, Germany ![]() |
1945/46 | Eduard Merz | [24] | ||||
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Statue(s) | Frankfurt, Germany ![]() |
1948 | Georg Kolbe | [75] | ||||
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Bust | Redoute, Bad Godesberg Bonn, Germany ![]() |
1955 | Franz Rotter | [76] | ||||
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Other sculpture | Doblhoff Park Baden bei Wien, Austria ![]() |
1969 | Matija Vuković | [77] | ||||
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Bust | Graz Opera Graz, Austria ![]() |
1969 | Fred Pirker | [78] | ||||
Relief | Hegyvidék (District XII) Budapest, Hungary ![]() |
1970 | László Csontos | [79] | |||||
Other sculpture | Hlohovec, Slovakia ![]() |
c. 1970 | Unknown | [80] | |||||
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Statue | Jan Kochanowski Park Bydgoszcz, Poland ![]() |
1970s | Witold Marciniak | [77] | ||||
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Statue | Siolim Goa, India ![]() |
1 May 1976 | Cypriano Fernandes | [81] | ||||
Bust | Parque de Berlín Madrid, Spain ![]() |
1981 | Unknown | [82] | |||||
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Bust | Garden of the Beethoven House Bonn, Germany ![]() |
1981 | [25] | |||||
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Other sculpture | Beethovenhalle Bonn, Germany ![]() |
1986 | after Joseph Karl Stieler |
[18] | ||||
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Statue | Naruto, Tokushima, Japan ![]() |
1997 | [83] | |||||
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Bust | Garden of the Beethoven House Bonn, Germany ![]() |
1998 | Cantemir Riscutia | [26] | ||||
|
Bust | Jintai Art Museum Beijing, China ![]() |
2004 | Yuan Xikun | [84] | ||||
|
Bust | Bad Godesberg Bonn, Germany ![]() |
before 2008 | [85] | |||||
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Other sculpture | Bonn, Germany ![]() |
30 March 2014 | Markus Lüpertz | [19][86] | ||||
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Statue(s) | Martonvásár, Hungary ![]() |
31 December 2014 | Nagy János | [87] |
Bourdelle's sculptures[]
The French sculptor Antoine Bourdelle (1861–1929) greatly admired Beethoven, of whom he created at least 45 sculptures from 1893 to the end of his life.[88][89][f]
Image | Type | Location | Date | Ref(s) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bust (a study) |
Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden Washington, D.C., US ![]() |
1889 | [90] | ||||
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Bust | Cleveland Museum of Art Cleveland, Ohio, US ![]() |
1891 | [91] | ||||
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Bust | Musée Ingres Montauban, France ![]() |
1891 | [92][93] | ||||
|
Mask | List Visual Arts Center Cambridge, Massachusetts, US ![]() |
1901 | [94] | ||||
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Bust | Musée Ingres Montauban, France ![]() |
1901–1902 | [95][96] | ||||
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Bust | Beethovenhalle Bonn, Germany ![]() |
1902 | [97] | ||||
|
Bust | Beethoven House Bonn, Germany ![]() |
1902 | [98] | ||||
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Bust | Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art Strasbourg, France ![]() |
1903 | [99] | ||||
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Bust | Musée d'Orsay Paris, France ![]() |
1903 | [100] | ||||
|
Statue | Musée Bourdelle Paris, France ![]() |
1904–1908 | [101] | ||||
|
Bust | Metropolitan Museum of Art New York, New York, US ![]() |
c. 1926 [1902] | [102] | ||||
|
Bust | Montevideo, Uruguay ![]() |
25 December 1927 | [103] | ||||
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Other sculpture | Musée Ingres Montauban, France ![]() |
1927–1928 | [104] | ||||
|
Statue | Princeton University Art Museum Princeton, New Jersey, US ![]() |
1929 | [105] | ||||
Bust | Jardin du Luxembourg Paris, France ![]() |
1978 [1902] | [106] | |||||
|
Bust | Ohara Museum of Art Kurashiki, Japan ![]() |
Undated | [107] |
Unexecuted sculptures[]
Sketch | Date | Sculptor | Ref(s) |
---|---|---|---|
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c. 1840 | Gustav Blaeser | [8] |
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1840s | Friedrich von Amerling | [3] |
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c. 1840–1845 | Friedrich Drake | [7] |
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c. 1890 | [8] | |
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1903 | Fidus | [13] |
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1926 | Ernst Barlach | [17][108] |
See also[]
- Beethoven Frieze – 1901 painting by Gustav Klimt
- Beethoven (Mähler) – Two portraits of Beethoven by Joseph Willibrord Mähler
Notes[]
- ^ For public monuments the approximate date the work was unveiled is given if available; for other works the approximate time of creation is given.
- ^ The bust was stolen in 1970; only fragments remain.[50]
- ^ The portrait bust is based on a sculpture by and is presumed to have been executed by Cian himself.[21]
- ^ is the presumed creator of the mask.
- ^ Installed to honor William Andrews Clark Jr., founder of the Los Angeles Philharmonic[71]
- ^ So as not to overwhelm the list with sculptures by Bourdelle, the sculptures have been put in a separate section and limited.
References[]
- General
- Comini, Alessandra (2008). The Changing Image of Beethoven: A Study in Mythmaking. Santa Fe, New Mexico: Sunstone Press. ISBN 978-0-86534-661-1.
- Specific
- ^ Kerman, Joseph; Tyson, Alan; Burnham, Scott G. (2001). "Ludwig van Beethoven". Grove Music Online. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40026. Retrieved 17 March 2021. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Beginning and precursors". Beethoven House. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "The first Beethoven monument". Beethoven House. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ Comini 2008, p. 316.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "The Beethoven monument on the Münsterplatz in Bonn". Beethoven House. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Further development of the Bonn type of monument". Beethoven House. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "The time of the great Beethoven monuments". Beethoven House. Archived from the original on 6 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "Beethoven becomes an 'Olympian figure'". Beethoven House. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Caspar Zumbusch's Beethoven monument". Beethoven House. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ "Caspar Zumbusch's Beethoven monument – II". Beethoven House. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
- ^ "From Apollo to Jupiter". Beethoven House. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Scala Archives – Images details". Scala Archives. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Beethoven monuments of the Reform Movements in the early 20th century". Beethoven House. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Searching for new forms". Beethoven House. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "Beethoven depictions influenced by Auguste Rodin". Beethoven House. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Beethoven monuments between tradition and modernity". Beethoven House. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "A Beethoven monument in Berlin". Beethoven House. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "A time for experiments – I". Beethoven House. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Two-headed Beethoven statue causes controversy". Classic FM. Archived from the original on 21 September 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Beethoven-Büste – Gipsabguß nach der Plastik von Josef Danhauser" [Beethoven bust – plaster cast based on the sculpture by Josef Danhauser] (in German). Beethoven House. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "Beethoven-Büste – Bronzeguß von Fernando Cian" [Beethoven bust – bronze casting by Fernando Cian] (in German). Beethoven House. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Beethoven, Ludwig van". Schubertiade. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Beethoven-Maske – Bronzeguß einer Maske von Wilhelm Hüsgen" [Beethoven mask – bronze casting of a mask by Wilhelm Hüsgen] (in German). Beethoven House. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Beethoven-Büste – Skulptur von Eduard Merz" [Beethoven bust – sculpture by Eduard Merz] (in German). Beethoven House. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Beethoven-Büste – Anonyme Fotografie nach einem Original-Bronzegruß von Levon Lazarev" [Beethoven bust – anonymous photograph based on an original bronze salute by Levon Lazarev] (in German). Beethoven House. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Beethoven-Büste – Originalbronzeguß von Cantemir Riscutia" [Beethoven bust – original bronze casting by Cantemir Riscutia] (in German). Beethoven House. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
- ^ "Copy of the bust of the composer Ludwig Van Beethoven (1770-1827)". Google Arts & Culture. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
- ^ "Beethoven. Die Denkmäler" [Beethoven. The monuments]. bonn.de (in German). City of Bonn. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ "Medallions and Bust on the Opera House". w10.bcn.es. Ajuntament de Barcelona. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
- ^ "Statues et portraits à la Conservatoire Conservatoire de Musique". Statues – Hither & Thither. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ "Beethovendenkmal (19, Beethovengang)" [Beethoven Monument (19, Beethoven Walk)]. geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Vienna History Wiki. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
- ^ Steiger, Simone (2011), Die Bildnisbüsten der Walhalla bei Donaustauf: Von der Konzeption durch Ludwig I. von Bayern zur Ausführung (1807–842) (PDF) (in German), p. 299
- ^ "Beethoven Bust". Royal Philharmonic Society. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
- ^ "Beethoven 2020 : 250th anniversary of Beethoven's birth". Royal Society of Musicians of Great Britain. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
- ^ "Statue: Frieze of Parnassus – Beethoven". London Remembers. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- ^ "De componist Ludwig von Beethoven" [The composer Ludwig van Beethoven]. vanherck.collectionkbf.be (in Dutch). King Baudouin Foundation. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ^ "De componist Ludwig von Beethoven" [The composer Ludwig van Beethoven]. arthub.vlaamsekunstcollectie.be (in Dutch). Flanders State of the Art. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ^ "Beethoven fanciullo". Google Arts & Culture. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
- ^ "Young Beethoven". Google Arts & Culture. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
- ^ "Statues et bustes au Grand Théâtre". Statues – Hither & Thither. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ "Skulpturen am Alten Oper". Statues – Hither & Thither. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ "Beethoven Statue". Central Park. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- ^ "Ludwig Van Beethoven". nycgovparks.org. The City of New York. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- ^ "Ludwig van Beethoven". Central Park Conservancy. Archived from the original on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- ^ "Statues & Busts". Tower Grove Park. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ "Busts Concert Hall". Statues – Hither & Thither. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ "Ludwig van Beethoven – studied from the death mask [i.e. life mask]". loc.gov. Library of Congress. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
- ^ "Ludwig Van Beethoven". nycgovparks.org. The City of New York. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ "An Eminent Italian Sculptor: Francesco Jerace". The Art Journal. London, UK: Virtue and Company: 108. 1899.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Ludwig van Beethoven Monument, Lincoln Park, Chicago, early 20th century". CARLI Digital Collections Home. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
- ^ "Beethoven-Gedenkplatte – Fotografie einer 1900 enthüllten reliefierten Gedenkplatte von Joseph Kassin am Beethovenstein im Helenental in Baden" [The Beethoven stele in Hlohovec – photograph of an anonymous monument]. katalog.beethoven.de (in German). Beethoven House. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
- ^ "Beethoven Statue". New England Conservatory of Music. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ "Max Klinger (1857–1920)". Mahler Foundation. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ Hickley, Catherine (3 March 2020). "Topless Beethoven to take centre stage in Leipzig survey of Symbolist artist Max Klinger". The Art Newspaper. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ "Burschenschaftsdenkmal". Statues – Hither & Thither. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ "Figure of Beethoven". collections.mfa.org. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
- ^ "Beethoven-Haydn-Mozart-Denkmal". Statues – Hither & Thither. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ^ "Scala Archives – Images details". Scala Archives. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
- ^ "'Pantheon of the Immortals'". Statues – Hither & Thither. Retrieved 23 March 2021.
- ^ "Das Beethoven-Denkmal in Heiligenstadt, um 1910 – Fotografie der Plastik von Robert Weigl". Beethoven House. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ Whiting, Sam (14 February 2015). "Panama-Pacific International Expo: Tracking down the artifacts". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ "Cuando el río se vincula con la ciudad" [When the river meets the city]. (in Spanish). 5 June 2011. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
- ^ "Beethoven-Gedenktafel (3, Ungargasse 5)" [Beethoven memorial plaque (3, Ungargasse 5)]. geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at (in German). Vienna History Wiki. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
- ^ "Bleibt gesund!" [Stay Healthy!]. kozterkep.hu (in German). Radio Prague International. 12 January 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
- ^ "Badener Zukerln: Aus der Arbeit des Stadarchivs" [Badener Zukerln: From the work of the city archive] (PDF) (in German). Rollett Museum. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
- ^ "Beethoven-szobor" [Beethoven-statue]. kozterkep.hu (in Hungarian). Köztérkép Mozgalom. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
- ^ "Nürnberg – Ludwig van Beethoven". Statues – Hither & Thither. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- ^ "Ludwig Van Beethoven's Monument". karlovyvary.cz. Information centre Karlovy Vary. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
- ^ Pap, Miklós; Székely, László; Vitéz, András; Aradi, Nóra (1964). Budapest; a guide to the capital of Hungary. Budapest, Hungary: Corvina Press. p. 160. OCLC 80881.
At present a statue of Beethoven by János Horvay (1932), and the statue of the “Tyrolese Sharpshooter" by Zsigmond Kisfaludi Strobl (1940), ornament the park
- ^ "Beethoven szobra a Városmajorban, 1933-35-ös éve". gallery.hungaricana.hu (in Hungarian). Hungaricana. Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Harrison, Scott (25 September 2018). "From the Archives: 'Know Your City' No. 4 – Beethoven statue". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ "Ludwig van Beethoven". Statues – Hither & Thither. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
- ^ "Peter Christian Breuer's Beethoven monument". Beethoven House. Archived from the original on 9 October 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
- ^ Manual informativo de la ciudad de Buenos Aires [Information manual of the city of Buenos Aires] (in Spanish). Buenos Aires, Argentina: Instituto Histórico de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. 1991. p. 370.
- ^ "Dem Genius Beethoven". Frankfurt Tourism. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ "Beethoven-Büste (von Rotter)". Statues – Hither & Thither. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Buja, Maureen (17 November 2020). "Monumental Beethoven". Interlude. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
- ^ "Graz – Ludwig van Beethoven". Statues – Hither & Thither. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- ^ "XII. kerület" [XII. district]. budapestgaleria.hu (in Hungarian). Beethoven House. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
- ^ "Die Beethoven-Stele in Hlohovec – Fotografie eines anonymen Denkmals" [The Beethoven stele in Hlohovec – photograph of an anonymous monument] (in German). Beethoven House. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
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External links[]
- A slideshow of depictions of Beethoven from the Deutsches Historisches Museum on Google Arts & Culture
- Lists of sculptures
- Sculptures of Ludwig van Beethoven