List of space programs of the United States

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The United States has seen several space programs since the beginnings of spaceflight. The criteria for what constitutes spaceflight vary. In the United States, professional, military, and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of 50 miles (80 km) are awarded astronaut wings. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale defines spaceflight as any flight over 62 miles (100 km). This article follows the US definition of spaceflight.

Government programs[]

National[]

Program Timeline Organization(s) Successful flight(s)
above 50 miles (80 km)
X-15 program 1957–1968
  • US Air Force (1957–1968)
  • NASA (1958–1968)
13
Battlefield Aeronautics and Space Organization 1956–1959 Wake Island 3
Explorers Program 1958–present
  • US Army (1958)
  • NASA (1958–present)
91
Pioneer program 1958–1992
  • NASA
  • US Air Force (1958–1960)
  • US Army (1958–1960)
10
Project Mercury 1958–1963 NASA 11
Apollo program 1961–1972 NASA 33
Ranger program 1961–1965 NASA 4
Project Gemini 1961–1966 NASA 10
Mariner program 1962–1973 NASA 7
Manned Orbiting Laboratory program 1962–1969 US Air Force 1
Lunar Orbiter program 1963–1967 NASA 5
Space Shuttle program 1972–2011 NASA 134
Skylab program 1973–1974 NASA 4
Viking program 1975–1982 NASA 2
Voyager program 1977–present NASA 2
Mars Exploration Program 1993–present NASA 8
Constellation program 2000s–2010 NASA 0
X-37B program 2006–present
  • US Air Force (2006–2019)
  • US Space Force (2019–present)
6
Journey to Mars program 2010–2017 NASA 1

International[]

Program Timeline Organizations Successful flight(s)
above 50 miles (80 km)
Spacelab program 1973–2000
32
Apollo–Soyuz Test Project 1975 2
International Space Station program 1984–present
  • Crewed: 99
  • Uncrewed: 131
Shuttle–Mir program 1993–1998 11
Lunar Gateway program 2017–present 0

Private programs[]

Program Timeline Organization(s) Successful flight(s)
above 50 miles (80 km)
SpaceShipOne 2003–2004 Scaled Composites 3
SpaceShipTwo 2010–present Virgin Galactic 2
Space tourism program of Axiom Space 2020–present 0

Public-private partnership programs[]

Program Timeline Organizations Successful flight(s)
above 50 miles (80 km)
Space tourism program of Space Adventures 1998–present 7
Commercial Orbital Transportation Services 2006–2013
3
Commercial Resupply Services
  • Phase 1: 2008–2020
  • Phase 2: 2016–present
  • Phase 1: 29
  • Phase 2: 2
Commercial Crew Program 2011–present 2
Artemis program 2017–present 0
Commercial Lunar Payload Services 2018–present 0

See also[]

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