List of the first female members of parliament by country
This is a list of the first female members of parliament in each country and territory. Princess Isabel of Brazil could have become the first female parliamentarian in 1871, as the Brazilian constitution reserved a seat in the Senate for the heir presumptive to the throne once they reached 25 years of age. However, she did not take the seat she was entitled to.[1] Instead, the first female parliamentarians came from the Grand Duchy of Finland, where 19 women were elected to the Eduskunta in 1907.[2] The first female parliamentarian in a fully-independent country was Anna Rogstad of Norway, who took her seat in the Storting as a substitute in 1911,[3] while the first woman directly elected to parliament in an independent country was Jeannette Rankin of the United States, who was elected to the House of Representatives in 1916, taking office the following year.
In some cases – such as Grace Schneiders-Howard of Suriname – women were elected before they had the right to vote, having been granted the right to stand as candidates but not active suffrage.[4] In many cases, the first female parliamentarians were appointed rather than elected members. Two sovereign countries – Micronesia and Vatican City – have never had a female parliamentarian. Membership of the Vatican legislature, the Pontifical Commission, is limited to cardinals, all of whom are men. Parliamentary elections have been held in Micronesia since the 1960s, but no woman has ever been elected.[5]
List of the first female members of parliament by country[]
Members are listed by when they took office. The list excludes members of provisional, non-elected legislatures constituted during or following conflicts.
Country | Year | Member | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 1965 | Roqia Abubakr Khadija Ahrari Masuma Esmati-Wardak Aziza Gardizi Anahita Ratebzad Homeira Seljuqi[6] |
|
Albania | 1945 | Naxhije Dume Liri Gega Ollga Plumbi[7] |
|
Algeria | 1945 | Alice Sportisse Gomez-Nadal | |
American Samoa | 1953 | Zilpher Jennings Mabel Reid[8] |
|
Andorra | 1984 | Mercè Bonell[9] | |
Angola | 1980 | 19 women[10] | |
Anguilla | 1972 | Idalia Gumbs | Gumbs was an appointed member of the House of Assembly. She and Albena Lake-Hodge became the first elected members in 1976[11][12] |
Antigua and Barbuda | 1958 | Bertha Higgins[13] | Higgins was an appointed member of the West Indies Federal Senate. Jacqui Quinn-Leandro was the first woman elected to the House of Representatives in 2004[14] |
Argentina | 1952 | Judith Elida Acuña Generosa Aguilar Magdalena Álvarez de Seminario Celia Argumedo Josefa Biondi Josefa Brigada María Rosa Calviño de Gómez Hilda Nélida Castañeira María Elena Casuccio María Caviglia Angélica Esperanza Dacunda Elena Di Girolamo Paulina Escardo Juana Alicia Espejo Esther Fadul Elena Aída Fernicola Francisca Ana Flores Matilde Gaeta Juanita Larrauri Ana Carmen Macri Dominga Ortiz Delia Parodi Hilda Leonor Pineda de Molins Mafalda Piovano Zulema Noemí Pracánico Elvira Rodríguez Leonardi Celina Rodríguez Seferina Rodríguez Carmen Salaber María Urbelina Tejada Isabel Torterola Otilia Villa Maciel[15][16] |
|
Armenia | 1919 | Perchuhi Partizpanyan-Barseghyan Varvara Sahakyan Katarine Zalyan-Manukyan[17] |
|
Aruba | 1963 | Maria Irausquin-Wajcberg[18] | |
Australia | 1943 | Enid Lyons Dorothy Tangney[19] |
|
Austria | 1919 | Anna Boschek Hildegard Burjan Emmy Freundlich Adelheid Popp Gabriele Proft Therese Schlesinger Amalie Seidel Maria Tusch[20] |
|
Bahamas | 1967 | Doris Sands Johnson | Johnson was an appointed member of the Senate. Janet Bostwick was the first woman elected to the House of Assembly in 1982[21] |
Bahrain | 2000 | Mariam Al Jalahma Bahia Al Jishi Alees Samaan Mona Al-Zayani[22] |
The four were appointed members.[23] Lateefa Al Gaood became the first elected member of the Consultative Council in 2006 |
Bangladesh | 1947 | Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah | Ikramullah was indirectly elected to the Constituent Assembly of India,[24] subsequently representing East Bengal in the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan].[25] |
Barbados | 1949 | Muriel Hanschell | Hanschell was an appointed member of the Legislative Council. Edna Ermyntrude Bourne became the woman elected to the House of Assembly in 1951[26] |
Belgium | 1921 | Marie Janson | Janson was an indirectly-elected member of the Senate. Lucie Dejardin was the first directly-elected member of the Chamber of Representatives in 1929[27] |
Belize | 1961 | Gwendolyn Lizarraga[28] | |
Benin | 1979 | 28 women[29] | |
Bermuda | 1948 | Hilda Aitken Edna Watson[30] |
|
Bhutan | Hiranyamayee Lama[31] | ||
Bolivia | 1956 | Lidia Gueiler Tejada[32] | |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1945 | ||
Botswana | 1974 | Gaositwe K. T. Chiepe Kebatshabile Disele |
Chiepe became the first female directly-elected member in a 1977 by-election[33] |
Brazil | Carlota Pereira de Queirós[34] | ||
British Virgin Islands | 1965 | Emogene Creque[35] | Creque was an appointed member of the Legislative Council. Eileene L. Parsons and Ethlyn Smith became the first two women elected in 1995[35] |
Brunei | 2011 | Zasia binti Sirin Salbiah binti Sulaiman[36] |
Sirin and Sulaiman were both appointed; Brunei has not held parliamentary elections since 1965. |
Bulgaria | 1945 | Ekaterina Avramova Tsola Dragoycheva Mara Kinkel Rada Todorova Vera Zlatareva[37] |
|
Burkina Faso | 1959 | Célestine Ouezzin Coulibaly[38] | |
Burundi | 1982 | Colette Samoya Kirura Four others |
|
Cambodia | 1958 | Tong Siv Eng[39] | |
Cameroon | 1955 | Dorcas Idowu[40][41] | Idowu was an appointed member of the Southern Cameroons House of Assembly. Julienne Keutcha was the first elected member of the National Assembly in 1960[41] |
Canada | 1921 | Agnes Macphail[42] | |
Cape Verde | 1975 | Isaura Gomes[43] | |
Cayman Islands | 1961 | Annie Huldah Bodden[44] | Bodden was an appointed member of the Legislative Assembly. Mary Evelyn Wood became the first elected member in [45] |
Central African Republic | 1964 | Marthe Matongo[46] | |
Chad | 1962 | Bourkou Louise Kabo[47] | |
Chile | 1951 | Inés Enríquez Frödden[48] | |
China | 1928 | Soong Mei-ling Tao Hsuan Tcheng Yu-hsiu[49][50] |
The Legislative Yuan was fully appointed until 1948, when 83 women became the first elected female members: Bai Lianzhen, Amina Bughra , Chang Ping-chiang, Chang Wei-chen, Chao Mao-hua, Chen Jianchen, Chen Jiujing, Chen Mingxian, Chen Yi Yun, Cheng Xiaofu, Cheng Xiu, Cheng Yizhi, Chou Hui-ying, Chou Min, Cui Puzhen, Cui Renqiu, Deng Jixing, Ding Chengfang, Fang Jida, Fei Hsia, Fu Ching-yen, Fu Yan, Hsieh Er, Hsing Shu-yen, Hu Manqi, Huang Jiewen, Huang Peilan, Huang Zhiquan, Huang Chen-hua, Ji Qingyi, Lee Hsiu-fen, Li Hui-min, Li Man-kuei, Li Tianlin, Li Xiangheng, Lin Shen, Ling Yingzhen, Liu Heng-ching, Liu Muzhen, Liu Puren, Liu Woying, Liu Yuzhong, Lou Yiwen, Lu Yun-chang, Luo Heng, Ma Runmin, Ma Shucheng, Mao Tan-yun, Ni Yujie, Pao Yi-min, Pi Yi-shu, Qian Ying, Qiao Jiafu, Rashida, Shih Min-chi, Sun Chi-hsu, Suo Zhaoshiya, Tan Tiwu, Tang Gouzhen, Tcheng Yu-hsiu, Tung Tao-yun, Wang Ai-fen, Wang Chang-hui, Wang Chunbi, Wang Der-zheng, Wang Hsiao-hua, Wang Hsiao-ying, Wang Lubing, Wang Tung-chen, Wei Pei-lan, Wong Tsun-yin, Wu Chi-mei, Wu Jingbin, Wu Lin, Wu Yunfang, Xia Jingru, Xiang Runkun, Yang Pao-lin, Yang Chongrui, Yeh Yeh-chin, Yu Ruzhou, Zhang Guangren and Zhuang Jing. He Meizhi and Nie Yanghua had also been elected, but their election was overturned |
Colombia | 1958 | Esmeralda Arboleda Cadavid Anacarsis Cardona de Salonia María Paulina Nieto de Caro[51] |
|
Comoros | 1993 | Sittou Raghadat Mohamed[52] | |
Congo | 1963 | Mambou Aimée Gnali Micheline Golengo Pierrette Kombo[53] |
|
Cook Islands | 1947 | Tararo Jane Ariki[54] | Tararo was an indirectly-elected member of the Legislative Council; the first directly-elected women were Poko Ingram and Teupoko'ina Utanga Morgan in 1961[55] |
Costa Rica | 1953 | Ana Rosa Chacón María Teresa Obregón Zamora Estela Quesada[56] |
|
Croatia | 1945 | ||
Cuba | 1936 | Rosa Anders Causse María Caro Más María Gómez Carbonell María Antonia Quintana Herrero Balbina Remedios Herminia Rodríguez Fernández Consuelo Vázquez Bello[57] |
|
Curaçao | 1949 | Angela Altagracia de Lannoy-Willems[58] | |
Cyprus | 1960 | Kadriye Hulusi Hacıbulgur[59] |
Hacıbulgur and Varda were elected to the Communal Chambers, legislative bodies for the Greek and Turkish communities that sat alongside the House of Representatives. Ayla Halit Kazım became the first female member of the House of Representatives in 1963. |
Czech Republic | 1920 | Fanny Blatny Anna Chlebounová Maria Deutsch Božena Ecksteinová Emma Maria Herzig Betty Karpíšková Irene Kirpal Luisa Landová-Štychová Anna Malá Ludmila Pechmanová-Klosová Anna Perthen Eliška Purkyňová Augusta Rozsypalová Františka Skaunicová Fráňa Zemínová[60] |
Božena Viková-Kunětická had been elected to the Bohemian Diet in 1912, but was not allowed to take her seat[61] |
DR Congo | 1970 | 12 women[10] | |
Denmark | 1918 | Karen Ankersted Nina Bang Marie Christensen Inger Gautier Schmit Marie Hjelmer Olga Knudsen Helga Larsen Elna Munch Mathilde Malling Hauschultz[62] |
Ankersted, Larsen, Munch and Malling Hauschultz were elected to the Folketing on 22 April 1918, while Christensen, Bang, Hjelmer, Knudsen and Gautier Schmidt were elected to the Landsting on 11 May 1918. Both houses of parliament were sworn in on 28 May 1918.[63] |
Djibouti | 2003 | Hawa Ahmed Youssouf Ismahan Abdi Douksieh Hasna Hassan Ali Mariam Ibrahim Farah Kadidja Mohamed Ali Hasna Mohamed Dato Aïcha Mohamed Robleh[64] |
|
Dominica | 1940 | Elma Napier[65] | |
Dominican Republic | 1942 | Milady Félix de L'Official Isabel Mayer Josefa Sánchez de González[66] |
|
Ecuador | 1945 | Nela Martínez[67] | |
Egypt | 1957 | Rawya Ateya Amina Shukri[68] |
|
El Salvador | 1956 | Rosa Amelia Guzmán Inés Inocente González Blanca Ávalos de Méndez María Isabel Rodríguez[69] |
|
Equatorial Guinea | 1968 | Cristina Makoli Lorenza Matute[70] |
|
Estonia | 1917 | Anna Leetsmann[71] | |
Eswatini | 1967 | Mary Mdziniso[72][73] | Mdziniso was an appointed member of the Senate. Lomasontfo Dludlu was the first elected member of the House of Assembly in 1993[74] |
Ethiopia | 1957 | Senedu Gebru[75] | |
Falkland Islands | 1950 | Madge Biggs[76] | Biggs was an appointed member of the Legislative Council. Marjorie Vinson became the first elected member in 1964[77] |
Faroe Islands | 1964 | Malla Samuelsen[78] | |
Fiji | 1966 | Loloma Livingston Irene Jai Narayan Losalini Raravuya Dovi[79] |
|
Finland | 1907 | Ida Aalle-Teljo Eveliina Ala-Kulju Hedvig Gebhard Aleksandra Gripenberg Lucina Hagman Anni Huotari Hilda Käkikoski Mimmi Kanervo Liisi Kivioja Sandra Lehtinen Dagmar Neovius Alli Nissinen Maria Paaso-Laine Hilja Pärssinen Hilma Räsänen Maria Raunio Miina Sillanpää Jenny Upari Iida Vemmelpuu[80] |
|
France | 1945 | Denise Bastide Madeleine Braun Germaine Degrond Marie-Madeleine Dienesch Eugénie Éboué-Tell Germaine François Mathilde Gabriel-Péri Émilienne Galicier Denise Ginollin Lucie Guérin Rose Guérin Solange Lamblin Irène Laure Marie-Hélène Lefaucheux Francine Lefebvre Rachel Lempereur Madeleine Léo-Lagrange Jeanne Léveillé Mathilde Méty Raymonde Tillon Marie Oyon Germaine Peyroles Germaine Poinso-Chapuis Renée Prévert Gilberte Roca Simone Rollin Marcelle Rumeau Hélène Solomon-Langevin Alice Sportisse Gomez-Nadal Hélène de Suzannet Marie Texier-Lahoulle Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier Jeannette Vermeersch[81] |
|
French Polynesia | 1961 | Céline Oopa[82] | |
Gabon | 1961 | Virginie Ambougou Antoinette Tsono[83] |
|
Gambia | 1968 | Lucretia St. Clair Joof | St. Clair Joof was an appointed member of the House of Representatives. Nyimasata Sanneh-Bojang became the first elected member in 1982[84] |
Georgia | 1919 | Liza Nakashidze-Bolkvadze Minadora Orjonikidze Kristine Sharashidze Anna Sologashvili Eleonora Ter-Parsegova-Makhviladze[85] |
|
Germany | 1919 | Lore Agnes Marie Baum Gertrud Bäumer Margarete Behm Anna Blos Clara Bohm-Schuch Minna Bollmann Elisabeth Brönner Hedwig Dransfeld Wilhelmine Eichler Elise Ekke Anna von Gierke Frieda Hauke Else Höfs Anna Hübler Marie Juchacz Wilhelmine Kähler Katharina Kloss Frida Lührs Ernestine Lutze Clara Mende Agnes Neuhaus Antonie Pfülf Johanna Reitze Elfriede Ryneck Elisabeth Röhl Minna Schilling Käthe Schirmacher Maria Schmitz Louise Schroeder Anna Simon Johanna Tesch Christine Teusch Helene Weber Marie Zettler Luise Zietz[86][87] |
|
Ghana | 1954 | Mabel Dove Danquah[75] | |
Gibraltar | 1959 | Dorothy Ellicott[88] | |
Greece | Eleni Skoura[89] | ||
Grenada | 1952 | Eva Sylvester[90] | |
Guam | 1946 | Rosa Aguigui Reyes[91] | |
Guatemala | 1956 | Rosa Castañeda de Mora[92] | |
Greenland | Elisabeth Johansen[93] | ||
Guinea | 1963 | 14 women[10] | |
Guinea Bissau | 1972 | Carmen Pereira Nine others |
|
Guernsey | Marie Randall[94] | ||
Guyana | 1953 | Jessie Burnham Janet Jagan Jane Phillips-Gay[95] |
|
Haiti | 1961 | Madame Max Adolphe Aviole Paul-Blanc[96] |
|
Honduras | 1957 | Herlinda Blanco de Bonilla Carmen Griffin de Lefreve Carmen Meléndez de Cálix[97] |
|
Hong Kong | 1965 | Ellen Li | Li was an appointed member of the Legislative Council. Emily Lau became the first directly-elected female member in 1991[98] |
Hungary | 1920 | Margit Slachta[99] | |
Iceland | 1922 | Ingibjörg H. Bjarnason[100] | |
India | 1938 | Radhabai Subbarayan[101] | |
Indonesia | 1935 | Cornelia Razoux Schultz-Metzer[102] | Razoux Schultz-Metzer was an appointed member of the Volksraad. 17 women were elected to the People's Representative Council in 1955, including , Salawati Daud, , , , , , , , , , , , |
Iran | 1963 | Mehrangiz Dowlatshahi Nayereh Ebtehaj-Samii Showkat Malek Jahanbani Mehrangiz Manouchehrian Shams ol-Moluk Mosahab Nezhat Nafisi Farrokhroo Parsa Hajar Tarbiat[103] |
|
Iraq | 1980 | 16 women[10] | |
Republic of Ireland | 1919 | Constance Markievicz | Markievicz had been elected to the British House of Commons, but did not take her seat. Instead she attended the first session of the Dáil Éireann, the breakaway Irish parliament, in January 1919. |
Isle of Man | 1933 | Marion Shimmin[104] | |
Israel | 1949 | Rachel Cohen-Kagan Hasya Drori Beba Idelson Fayge Ilanit Hannah Lamdan Ada Maimon Golda Meir Dvora Netzer Shoshana Persitz Esther Raziel-Naor Yehudit Simhonit[105] |
|
Italy | 1946 | Adele Bei Bianca Bianchi Laura Bianchini Filomena Delli Castelli Elisabetta Conci Maria Federici Nadia Gallico Spano Angela Gotelli Angela Maria Guidi Cingolani Nilde Iotti Maria Maddalena Rossi Teresa Mattei Lina Merlin Angiola Minella Rita Montagnana Maria Nicotra Teresa Noce Ottavia Penna Buscemi Elettra Pollastrini Vittoria Titomanlio Maria De Unterrichter Jervolino[106] |
|
Ivory Coast | 1965 | Hortense Aka-Anghui Gladys Anoma Jeanne Gervais[107] |
|
Jamaica | 1944 | Iris Collins[108] | |
Japan | 1946 | Hatsu Ando Michiko Fujiwara Hanako Honda Hatsu Imai Toshiko Karasawa Shidzue Katō Chiyo Kimura Tsuruyo Kondo Mitsu Kōro Haru Koshihara Toshiko Matsuo Kiyoko Miki Hideko Mogami Yone Moriyama Kiyo Murashima Tama Nakayama Ito Niizuma Misu Nomura Kimi Ohashi Yoshie Ōishi Tei Saito Chiyo Sakakibara Hisa Sawada Tenkoko Sonoda En Sugawara Keiko Sugita Kiyo Takeda Utako Takeuchi Shigeyo Takeuchi Tatsu Tanaka Satoko Togano Fusa Tomita Haru Wazaki Shizue Yamaguchi Harue Yamashita Tsuko Yamashita Hisa Yoneyama Fumiko Yoneyama Sei Yoshida[109][110] |
|
Jersey | Ivy Forster[111] | ||
Jordan | 1989 | Leila A. Sharaf[112] | Sharaf was an appointed member of the Senate. Toujan al-Faisal became the first elected member of the House of Representatives in 1993[113] |
Kenya | 1938 | Sidney Farrar[114] | |
Kiribati | 1971 | Tekarei Russell[115] | |
Kuwait | 2009 | Aseel al-Awadhi Rola Dashti Salwa al-Jassar Massouma al-Mubarak[116] |
|
Laos | 1958 | Khampheng Boupha[117] | |
Latvia | 1920 | Aspazija Zelma Cēsniece-Freidenfelde Klāra Kalniņa Apolonija Laurinoviča Valērija Seile Berta Vesmane[118] |
|
Lebanon | Myrna Bustani[119] | ||
Lesotho | 1965 | Ellen 'Maposholi Molapo | Molapo was an appointed member of the Senate. The first women elected to Parliament were 'Mamoshebi Kabi, Mats'eliso Moshabesha and Khauhelo Deborah Raditapole in 1993[120] |
Liberia | 1960 | Ellen Mills Scarbrough[121][122] | |
Liechtenstein | 1986 | Emma Eigenmann[123] | |
Lithuania | 1920 | Magdalena Galdikienė Ona Muraškaitė-Račiukaitienė Gabrielė Petkevičaitė-Bitė Emilija Spudaitė-Gvildienė Salomėja Stakauskaitė[124] |
|
Luxembourg | 1919 | Marguerite Thomas-Clement[125] | |
Madagascar | 1964 | Elise Rasoamampionona[126] | |
Malawi | 1964 | Rose Chibambo[127] | |
Malaysia | 1955 | Halimahton Abdul Majid[128] | |
Maldives | 1953 | Fatima Ibrahim Didi | Didi was an appointed member of the Senate. Moomina Haleem became the first elected member of the People's Majlis in 1975[129] |
Mali | 1959 | Aoua Kéita[130] | |
Malta | 1947 | Agatha Barbara[131] | |
Marshall Islands | 1974 | Carmen Bigler[132] | |
Mauritania | 1975 | 2 women[10] | |
Mauritius | 1948 | Emilienne Rochecouste Denise De Chazal |
|
Mexico | 1954 | Aurora Jiménez de Palacios[133] | Elvia Carrillo Puerto was elected to Congress in 1924 but was not allowed to take her seat[134] |
Micronesia | – | – | No women have been elected to Congress |
Monaco | 1963 | Roxane Noat-Notari[135] | |
Montserrat | 1961 | Margaret Rose Kelsick[136] | |
Morocco | 1993 | Latifa Bennani-Smires Badia Skalli[137] |
|
Mozambique | 1977 | Alcinda Abreu Maria Arruvaia Monica Chitupila Carlota Chiwanga Cecilia Chongo Celeste Cossa Justina Gaspar Helena da Gloria Melita Guambe Maria Laice Rosinha Lisboa Graça Machel Celeste Manhica Isabel Martins Salomé Moiane Felipa Muniveda Esperança Muthemba Teresa Nhalingue Marina Pachinuapa Felizarda Paulino Maria Rafael Ana Sansão Leopoldina dos Santos Cristina Tembe Teresa Tembo Maria Veloso[138] |
|
Myanmar | 1932 | Hnin Mya[139] | |
Nauru | 1986 | Ruby Thoma[140] | |
Nepal | 1959 | Dwarika Devi Thakurani Kamal Rana[141] |
Four women had been members to the fully-appointed Advisory Assembly in 1952.[142] |
Netherlands | 1918 | Suze Groeneweg[62] | |
New Caledonia | 1977 | Edwige Antier Marie-Paule Serve[143] |
|
New Zealand | 1933 | Elizabeth McCombs[144] | |
Nicaragua | 1957 | Olga Núñez Abaunza[145] | |
Niger | 1989 | Roukayatou Abdou Issaka Bibata Adamou Dakaou Souna Hadizatou Diallo Aïssata Karidjo Mounkaïla Marie Lebihan[146] |
|
Nigeria | 1960 | Wuraola Esan[147] | Esan was an appointed member of the Senate. Esther Soyannwo was elected to the House of Representatives in 1964 but was forced to give up her seat before she sat in Parliament due to the controversy her election caused. Abiola Babatope, Justina Eze and Veronica Nnaji became the first elected members in 1979.[148] |
Niue | 1975 | Lapati Paka Patricia Rex[149] |
|
North Korea | 1948 | 69 women[10] | |
North Macedonia | 1945 | ||
Northern Mariana Islands | 1977 | Felicidad Ogumoro[8] | |
Norway | 1911 | Anna Rogstad[3] | Rogstad was a substitute member.[3] Karen Platou became the first woman elected to the Storting in 1921[150] |
Oman | 1994 | Shakour bint Mohammed al-Ghamari Taiba al-Mawali[151] |
Al-Ghamari and al-Mawali were indirectly elected to the Consultative Assembly. Rahila Al Riyami and Lujaina Mohsin Darwish were the first women directly elected in 2000[152] |
Pakistan | 1947 | Shaista Suhrawardy Ikramullah Jahanara Shahnawaz |
Ikramullah and Shahnawaz were indirectly elected to the Constituent Assembly.[24] Although Nasim Wali Khan was the first woman directly elected to the National Assembly in 1977, she did not take her seat.[153] Abida Hussain was the first directly elected woman to take her seat in 1985[154] |
Palau | Akiko Sugiyama[155] | ||
Palestine | 1996 | Hanan Ashrawi Dalal Salameh Jamila Saidam Rawya Shawa Intissar al-Wazir[156] |
|
Panama | 1945 | Esther Neira de Calvo Gumercinda Páez[157] |
|
Papua New Guinea | 1951 | Doris Booth[158] | Booth was an appointed member of the Legislative Council. Josephine Abaijah became the first woman elected to the House of Assembly in 1972. |
Paraguay | 1963 | Dolores de Miño Bienvenida de Sánchez[159] |
|
Peru | 1956 | Manuela Billinghurst Alicia Blanco Montesinos Lola Blanco Montesinos María Colina Lozano Matilde Pérez Palacio Carlota Ramos de Santolaya Irene Silva de Santolalla María Eleonora Silva Silva Juana Ubilluz de Palacios[160] |
|
Pitcairn Islands | 1974 | Thelma Brown Carol Warren[161] |
|
Philippines | 1941 | Elisa Ochoa[162] | |
Poland | 1919 | Gabriela Balicka Jadwiga Dziubińska Irena Kosmowska Maria Moczydłowska Zofia Moraczewska[163] |
Three more women – Anna Piasecka, and – were elected the following year in constituencies where elections had been delayed.[164][163] |
Portugal | 1934 | Domitila de Carvalho Maria Guardiola Maria Cândida Parreira[165] |
|
Puerto Rico | 1932 | María Luisa Arcelay[8] | |
Qatar | 2017 | Hessa Sultan al-Jaber Aisha Yousef al-Mannai Reem al-Mansoori Hind Abdul Rahman al-Muftah[166] |
All four were appointed to the Consultative Assembly. Parliamentary elections have never been held in Qatar.[166] |
Romania | 1946 | Florica Bagdasar Constanța Crăciun Ana Pauker Alexandra Sidorovici [167][168] |
|
Russia | 1917 | Yevgenia Bosch Catherine Breshkovsky Vera Figner Alexandra Kollontai Olga Matveevskaya Maria Perveeva Elena Rozmirovich Anastasia Sletova-Chernova Maria Spiridonova Varvara Yakovleva[169] |
|
Rwanda | 1965 | Angèle Mukakayange[170] | |
Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1984 | Constance V. Mitcham[171] | |
Saint Lucia | 1951 | Marie Grace Augustin[172] | Augustin was an appointed member of the Legislative Council. Heraldine Rock was the first woman elected to the House of Assembly in 1974[173] |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1957 | Ivy Joshua[174] | |
Samoa | 1970 | Faimaala Filipo[175] | |
San Marino | 1974 | Clara Boscaglia Anna Maria Casali Fausta Morganti[176] |
Marina Busignani Reffi was also elected, but gave up her seat to allow her husband to enter parliament.[177] |
São Tomé and Príncipe | 1975 | Alda Bandeira Alda Neves da Graça do Espírito Santo Julieta da Graça do Espírito Santo Maria Aurora Lopes Lurdes de Maria Lima Pires dos Santos Fernanda Pontífice[178] |
|
Saudi Arabia | 2013 | 30 women[179] | The Consultative Assembly is a fully appointed body and no elections have ever been held[179] |
Senegal | 1963 | Caroline Faye Diop[180] | |
Serbia | 1945 | ||
Seychelles | 1948 | Marie-Cécile Collet | Collet was an appointed member. Hilda Stevenson-Delhomme became the first elected member in 1951.[181] |
Sierra Leone | 1957 | Ella Koblo Gulama[182] | |
Singapore | 1951 | Elizabeth Choy Vilasini Menon[183] |
|
Slovakia | 1920 | Anna Sychravová[184] | |
Slovenia | 1945 | ||
Solomon Islands | 1965 | Lilly Ogatina Poznanski | Poznanski was indirectly elected. Hilda Kari was the first woman directly elected to the National Parliament in 1989.[185] |
Somalia | 1979 | 18 women[10] | |
South Africa | 1933 | Leila Reitz[186] | |
South Korea | 1946 | Hwang Shin-duk Park Hyun-sook Park Seung-ho Shin Eui-kyung[187] |
The four were appointed members. Louise Yim became the first woman elected to parliament in [188] |
Spain | 1931 | Clara Campoamor
Margarita Nelken |
Thirteen women had previously been members of the fully-appointed National Assembly[189] |
Sri Lanka | 1931 | Adeline Molamure[190] | |
Sudan | 1965 | Fatima Ahmed Ibrahim[191] | |
Suriname | 1938 | Grace Schneiders-Howard[4] | |
Sweden | 1921 | Kerstin Hesselgren Agda Östlund Elisabeth Tamm Nelly Thüring Bertha Wellin[192] |
|
Switzerland | 1971 | Elisabeth Blunschy Tilo Frey Hedi Lang Lise Girardin Josi Meier Gabrielle Nanchen Martha Ribi Hanna Sahlfeld-Singer Liselotte Spreng Hanny Thalmann Lilian Uchtenhagen Nelly Wicky[193] |
|
Syria | 1960 | Widad Haroun Jihan al-Mosli[194] |
Haroun and al-Mosli were appointed members of the National Assembly of the United Arab Republic. , , , and became the first women elected to parliament in 1973.[195] |
Taiwan | 1948 | Hsieh Er Lin Shen |
|
Tanzania | 1955 | Sheroo Keeka Elifuraha Marealle [196] |
The three were appointed. Lady Marion Chesham and Sophia Mustafa became the first elected members in 1958. |
Thailand | 1949 | Orapin Chaiyakan[197] | |
Togo | 1961 | Joséphine Hundt[198] | |
Tonga | Mele Siuʻilikutapu[199] | ||
Trinidad and Tobago | 1946 | Audrey Jeffers[200] | Jeffers was an appointed member of the Legislative Council. Isabel Ursula Teshea became the first elected member of the House of Representatives in 1961[201] |
Tunisia | 1959 | Radhia Haddad[202] | |
Turkey | 1935 | Bahire Bediş Morova Aydilek Mihri Bektaş Hatı Çırpan Nakiye Elgün Sabiha Gökçül Erbay Mebrure Gönenç Hatice Sabiha Görkey Ferruh Güpgüp Seniha Nafız Hızal Ayşe Şekibe İnsel Benal Nevzat İstar Arıman Fatma Şakir Memik Fatma Esma Nayman Huriye Baha Öniz Türkan Örs Baştuğ Fakihe Öymen Meliha Ulaş[203] |
|
Turks and Caicos Islands | 1984 | Rosita Butterfield[204] | |
Tuvalu | 1989 | Naama Maheu Latasi[205] | |
Uganda | 1954 | Alice Boase Barbara Saben[206] |
Boase and Saben were appointed members of the Legislative Council. Florence Alice Lubega and were indirectly elected in 1962, while became the first directly elected woman in 1980.[206] |
Ukraine | 1917 | Yevgenia Bosch Catherine Breshkovsky |
Maria-Ivanna Hrushevska, Zinayida Mirna, Vira Nechayivska, Valeriya O'Connor-Vilinska, Olimpiada Pashchenko, Sofia Rusova, Liudmyla Starytska-Cherniakhivska and Lyubov Yanovska were members of the fully-appointed Central Council of the People's Republic of Ukraine, which was established in March 1917, eight months before the elections in which Bosch and Breshkovsky were elected to the Russian Constituent Assembly from Ukrainian constituencies. |
United Arab Emirates | 2007 | Najla Faisal Al Awadhi Fatima Al Mazrouei Fatma Al Marri Amal Al Qubaisi Aisha Al Roumi Rawiyah Al Samahi Alia Al Suwaidi Nidal Al Tunaiji Maysa Ghadeer[207] |
Amal Al Qubaisi was the only elected member; the other eight were appointed[208] |
United Kingdom | 1919 | Nancy Astor | Constance Markievicz had been elected to parliament in 1918, but did not take her seat. |
United States | 1917 | Jeannette Rankin[62] | |
United States Virgin Islands | Lucinda Sewer Millin[8] | ||
Uruguay | 1943 | Sofía Álvarez Vignoli Magdalena Antonelli Moreno Julia Arévalo de Roche Isabel Pinto de Vidal[209] |
|
Vanuatu | 1965 | Agnes Terei[210] | Terei was an appointed member of the Advisory Council. Tessa Fowler and Mary Gilu were the first women elected to the Representative Assembly in 1975. |
Vatican City | – | – | All members of the Pontifical Commission are cardinals, limiting membership to men. |
Venezuela | 1946 | Mercedes Carvajal de Arocha [211] |
|
Vietnam | 1946 | 10 women[212] | |
Wallis and Futuna | 2 women[213] | ||
Yemen | 1978 | 6 women in South Yemen | Five women had previously been members of the all-appointed Supreme People's Council of South Yemen.[214] |
Zambia | 1963 | Gwendoline Konie | Konie was an appointed member of the Legislative Council; Ester Banda, Margaret Mbeba and Nakatindi Yeta Nganga were the first women elected in 1964 |
Zimbabwe | 1920 | Ethel Tawse Jollie |
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- Lists of female political office-holders
- Lists of women legislators