List of the prehistoric life of South Dakota

This list of the prehistoric life of South Dakota contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of South Dakota.

Precambrian[]

The Paleobiology Database records no known occurrences of Precambrian fossils in Alabama.

Paleozoic[]

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• †Agnostogonus
  • † – or unidentified comparable form
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  Assemblage of fossils of the Cambrian trilobite Agnostus
  †Agnostus
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• †Arcuolimbus
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• †Blountiella
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  • † – or unidentified comparable form
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  Life restoration of the Carboniferous Chimaera relative Caseodus
  †Caseodus
  • †Caseodus eatoni – or unidentified related form
• †Cedaria
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• †Cladodus – or unidentified comparable form
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• †Coosella
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• †Coosia
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• †Coosina
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• †Crepicephalus
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• †Cyrtogomphoceras
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• †Dikelocephalus
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• †Dresbachia
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  Life restoration of the Late Devonian-Carboniferous Chimaera relative Edestus
  †Edestus
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• †Endoceras
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• †Homagnostus
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  Fossilized shells of the Cambrian-Permian brachiopod relative Hyolitha
  †Hyolithes
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  Restoration of the Carboniferous-Permian ray-like cartilaginous fish Janassa (top and left)
  †Janassa
• †Kingstonia
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• †Komaspidella
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• †Lambeoceras – tentative report
• †Lingulella
• †Lingulepis
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  Restoration of the Carboniferous-Early Triassic cartilaginous fish Listracanthus
  †Listracanthus
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• †Llanoaspis
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• †Meteoraspis
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• †Pemphigaspis
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• †Saukiella
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• †Spyroceras
• †Syspacheilus
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• †Terranovella
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  Fossil of the Cambrian trilobite Tricrepicephalus
  †Tricrepicephalus
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• †Uncaspis
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  • † – informal
  • † – informal
• †Westonoceras
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• †Winnipegoceras

Mesozoic[]

Selected Mesozoic taxa of South Dakota[]

• Acipenser – or unidentified comparable form
• †Actinocamax
• †Adocus
• †Agerostrea
• 

  Restoration of the Late Jurassic theropod dinosaur Allosaurus
  †Allosaurus
• †Alphadon
  • †Alphadon marshi
• †Anatotitan
  • †Anatotitan copei
• †Anomia
• †Anzu – type locality for genus
  • †Anzu wyliei – type locality for species
• †Apatosaurus
• †Araucarioxylon
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  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous sea turtle Archelon
  †Archelon – type locality for genus
  • †Archelon ischyros – type locality for species
• †Artocarpus – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
• Aspideretes
• †Asplenium
• †Baculites
  • †Baculites clinolobatus
  • †Baculites compressus
  • †Baculites grandis
  • †Baculites larsoni
  • †Baculites ovatus
  • †Baculites yokoyamai
• †Bananogmius
• †Baptornis
  • †Baptornis varneri – type locality for species
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  Restoration of the Late Jurassic sauropod dinosaur Barosaurus rearing to defend itself against a pair of the theropod Allosaurus
  †Barosaurus – type locality for genus
  • †Barosaurus lentus – type locality for species
• †Basilemys
• †Belemnitella
  • †Belemnitella bulbosa
• Beryx – or unidentified related form
• †Bolodon
  • †Bolodon hydei – type locality for species
• †Borealosuchus
  • †Borealosuchus sternbergii
• Brachidontes
• †Brachychampsa
  • †Brachychampsa montana
• †Brodavis
  • †Brodavis baileyi – type locality for species
• †Caenagnathus
• †Calycoceras
  • †Calycoceras boreale – type locality for species
  • †Calycoceras dromense – or unidentified comparable form
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  Life restoration of a herd of the Late Jurassic sauropod dinosaur Camarasaurus
  †Camarasaurus
• Campeloma
• †Caturus
• †Champsosaurus
• †Cimexomys
• †Cimolodon
  • †Cimolodon nitidus
• †Cimolomys
  • †Cimolomys gracilis
• †Claosaurus
  • †Claosaurus affinis – type locality for species
• †Clidastes
  • †Clidastes propython
• †Cocculus
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  Fossilized shell of the Late Cretaceous ammonoid Collignoniceras
  †Collignoniceras
  • †Collignoniceras collisniger – type locality for species
  • †Collignoniceras jorgenseni – type locality for species
  • †Collignoniceras percarinatum
  • †Collignoniceras praecox
  • †Collignoniceras vermilionense
  • †Collignoniceras woolgari
  • †Collignoniceras woollgari
• †Compsemys
• Corbula
• †Corbulamella
• †Crenella
  • †Crenella elegantula
• †Cretolamna
  • †Cretolamna appendiculata
• †Cteniogenys
• Cucullaea
• †Cuspidaria
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  Fossil of the Jurassic-Cretaceous cycad relative Cycadeoidea
  †Cycadeoidea
  • †Cycadeoidea aspera – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea cicatricula – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea colei – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea colossalis – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea dacotensis
  • †Cycadeoidea excelsa – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea formosa – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea furcata – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea ingens – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea insolita – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea jenneyana
  • †Cycadeoidea Jenneyana
  • †Cycadeoidea marshiana – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea mcbridei – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea McBridei – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea minnekahtensis – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea nana – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea occidentalis – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea paynei – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea pulcherrima – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea stillwelli – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea turrita – type locality for species
  • †Cycadeoidea Wellsii – type locality for species
• †Dakotadon
  • †Dakotadon lakotaensis
• †Dakotaraptor – type locality for genus
  • †Dakotaraptor steini – type locality for species
• †Desmatochelys
• †Didelphodon
• †Diplodocus
• †Discoscaphites
  • †Discoscaphites conradi
  • †Discoscaphites gulosus
  • †Discoscaphites rossi – type locality for species
• †Dolichorhynchops
  • †Dolichorhynchops bonneri
  • †Dolichorhynchops osborni
• †Edmontonia
  • †Edmontonia longiceps
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  Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous duck-billed dinosaur Edmontosaurus annectens
  †Edmontosaurus
• †Elasmosaurus
  • †Elasmosaurus intermedius – type locality for species
• †Enchodus
• †Eubostrychoceras
• †Eucalycoceras
• †Eutrephoceras
• †Geosternbergia
  • †Geosternbergia maiseyi – type locality for species
• Gleichenia
• †Globidens
  • †Globidens alabamensis
  • †Globidens dakotensis – type locality for species
  • †Globidens schurmanni – type locality for species
• †Glyptops
• Glyptostrobus
  • †Glyptostrobus europaeus
• †Gorgosaurus
• †Hainosaurus
• †Hamites
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  Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous toothed bird Hesperornis
  †Hesperornis
  • †Hesperornis regalis – or unidentified comparable form
• Hiatella – tentative report
• †Hoplitosaurus
  • †Hoplitosaurus marshi – type locality for species
• †Hoploparia
• †Hoploscaphites
  • †Hoploscaphites comprimus
  • †Hoploscaphites melloi – type locality for species
  • †Hoploscaphites nicolletii
• †Hulettia
• †Hypsilophodon
  • †Hypsilophodon wielandi – type locality for species
• †Ichthyodectes
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  Fossilized shell of the Early Jurassic-Late Cretaceous marine bivalve Inoceramus with a human indicating its size
  †Inoceramus
  • †Inoceramus apicalis
  • †Inoceramus ginterensis
  • †Inoceramus tenuis – or unidentified related form
  • †Inoceramus tenuistriatus – tentative report
• †Ischyodus
  • †Ischyodus rayhaasi
• Isurus
• †Jeletzkytes
  • †Jeletzkytes dorfi
  • †Jeletzkytes nebrascensis
  • †Jeletzkytes spedeni – type locality for species
• Lamna
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  Fossilized skull of the Late Cretaceous alligator relative Leidyosuchus
  †Leidyosuchus
• †Lemnaceae
• †Lepidotes – tentative report
• Lepisosteus
• †Leptalestes
  • †Leptalestes cooki
  • †Leptalestes krejcii
• †Lucina – tentative report
• †Melvius
• †Meniscoessus
  • †Meniscoessus robustus
• †Mesodma
  • †Mesodma formosa
  • †Mesodma hensleighi
  • †Mesodma thompsoni
• †Modiolus
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  Life restoration of two of the Late Cretaceous Mosasaurus
  †Mosasaurus
  • †Mosasaurus missouriensis – type locality for species
• †Myledaphus
  • †Myledaphus bipartitus
• †Nelumbo
• †Neocardioceras
  • †Neocardioceras transiens – type locality for species
• Nucula
  • †Nucula percrassa
• †Ophiomorpha
• †Ornithomimus
• †Osmakasaurus
  • †Osmakasaurus depressus – type locality for species
• Ostrea
• †Otoscaphites
• †Oxytoma
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  Fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous dome-headed dinosaur Pachycephalosaurus
  †Pachycephalosaurus – type locality for genus
  • †Pachycephalosaurus wyomingensis – type locality for species
• †Pachyrhizodus
• †Pahasapasaurus – type locality for genus
  • †Pahasapasaurus haasi – type locality for species
• †Palmoxylon
• Panopea
• †Paronychodon
  • †Paronychodon lacustris
• Pholadomya
• †Pistia – report made of unidentified related form or using admittedly obsolete nomenclature
• †Placenticeras
  • †Placenticeras pseudoplacenta
• Platanus
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  Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous mosasaur Platecarpus
  †Platecarpus
  • †Platecarpus somenensis – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Platecarpus tympaniticus
• †Plesiobaena
• †Plioplatecarpus
  • †Plioplatecarpus primaevus – type locality for species
• †Prognathodon
  • †Prognathodon overtoni – type locality for species
• †Proplacenticeras
• †Protocardia
• †Protosphyraena
• †Protostega
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  Life restoration of the Late Cretaceous pterosaur Pteranodon
  †Pteranodon
  • †Pteranodon longiceps
• †Ptychodus
  • †Ptychodus occidentalis
• Quercus
• †Rhamnus
• †Richardoestesia
  • †Richardoestesia isosceles
• Sassafras
• †Scaphites
• †Sequoia
• Solemya
• Sphaerium
• †Sphenobaiera
• †Sphenodiscus
  • †Sphenodiscus beecheri – tentative report
  • †Sphenodiscus lobatus
  • †Sphenodiscus pleurisepta
• Squalicorax
  • †Squalicorax falcatus
• Squalus
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  Animated life restoration of the Late Cretaceous plesiosaur Styxosaurus
  †Styxosaurus
  • †Styxosaurus browni
  • †Styxosaurus snowii – type locality for species
• †Tatankaceratops – type locality for genus
  • †Tatankaceratops sacrisonorum – type locality for species
• Taxodium
• †Thescelosaurus
  • †Thescelosaurus neglectus
• †Thespesius – type locality for genus
  • †Thespesius occidentalis – type locality for species
• †Torosaurus
  • †Torosaurus latus
• †Toxochelys
  • †Toxochelys latiremis
• †Trachodon
• †Tragodesmoceras
  • †Tragodesmoceras carlilense
  • †Tragodesmoceras carlilensis
• †Triceratops
  • †Triceratops horridus
• †Tylosaurus
  • †Tylosaurus proriger
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  Fossilized skeleton of the Late Cretaceous tyrannosaur Tyrannosaurus
  †Tyrannosaurus
  • †Tyrannosaurus rex
• Viviparus
• †Yezoites
• Yoldia
• Ziziphus

Cenozoic[]

Selected Cenozoic taxa of South Dakota[]

• †Aelurodon
• †Aepycamelus
• †Agnotocastor
• †Agriochoerus
• Alligator
  • †Alligator prenasalis – type locality for species
• †Ambystoma
  • †Ambystoma tigrinum
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  Life restoration of the Miocene elephant relative Amebelodon. Margret Flinsch (1932).
  †Amebelodon
• †Ampelopsis
• †Amphechinus
• †Anchitherium
• Antilocapra
  • †Antilocapra americana
• Apalone
• †Aphelops
• †Archaeocyon
• †Archaeohippus
• †Archaeotherium
• †Arctodus
  • †Arctodus simus
• †Arctonasua
• Azolla
• †Barbourofelis
  • †Barbourofelis whitfordi
• †Bathornis
  • †Bathornis veredus
• Bison
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    Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene Bison latifrons, or long-horned bison
    †Bison latifrons
• Blarina
  • †Blarina carolinensis – or unidentified comparable form
• †Bothriodon
• †Brachypsalis
• †Brachyrhynchocyon
• †Brontops
• Bufo
  • †Bufo woodhousei
• Buteo
• †Calippus
• †Camelops
• Canis
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    Modern mounted skeleton of Canis lupus, the grey wolf, to scale with a fossilized skeleton of the Pleistocene wolf Canis dirus, or dire wolf
    †Canis dirus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Canis latrans
  • †Canis lupus
• †Carpocyon
• Castor
  • †Castor canadensis – or unidentified comparable form
• †Catostomus
• Celtis
• Cercidiphyllum
• Charina
• Chrysemys
• Cnemidophorus
• †Colodon
• †Cormocyon
• †Cormohipparion
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  Fossilized skull of the Miocene pronghorn Cosoryx
  †Cosoryx
  • †Cosoryx furcatus
• †Cranioceras
• Crotalus
• †Cynarctoides
  • †Cynarctoides acridens
  • †Cynarctoides lemur
  • †Cynarctoides roii
• †Cynarctus
• †Cynodesmus
• Cynomys
• †Daphoenus
• †Desmatippus
• †Desmatochoerus
• †Desmocyon
• †Diceratherium
• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene-Miocene false saber-toothed cat Dinictis. Robert Bruce Horsfall (1913).
  †Dinictis
• †Dinohyus
• †Dipoides
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• †Duchesnehippus
• †Duchesneodus
• †Ectopocynus
• †Ekgmowechashala
  • †Ekgmowechashala philotau – type locality for species
• Elaphe
  • †Elaphe vulpina
• †Elomeryx
• †Enhydrocyon
• †Entelodon
• †Eopelobates
• †Epicyon
• Equus
  • †Equus francisci
  • †Equus giganteus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Etheostoma
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene elephant relative Eubelodon
  †Eubelodon
• †Eucastor
• †Eucommia
• Eumeces
  • †Eumeces septentrionalis
• †Eusmilus
• Ficus
• Geomys
• †Gigantocamelus
• Glyptostrobus
• †Gomphotherium
• Graptemys
• 

  Fossilized lower jaw of the Miocene-Pleistocene llama relative Hemiauchenia
  †Hemiauchenia
• †Hemicyon
• †Herpetotherium
  • †Herpetotherium fugax
• †Hesperocyon
• †Hesperotestudo
• Heterodon
• †Heteromeryx
• †Hipparion
• †Hippotherium
• †Homotherium – or unidentified comparable form
• †Hoplophoneus
• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene-Miocene creodont mammal Hyaenodon
  †Hyaenodon
  • †Hyaenodon crucians
  • †Hyaenodon horridus
  • †Hyaenodon montanus – or unidentified comparable form
  • †Hyaenodon mustelinus – type locality for species
• Hyla
• †Hypertragulus
• †Hypisodus
• †Hypohippus
• †Hypolagus
• †Hyporhina – type locality for genus
  • †Hyporhina antiqua – type locality for species
• †Hyracodon
• Ictalurus
• †Ischyrocyon
• †Ischyromys
• †Lambdoceras
• Lampropeltis
• Lepisosteus
• Lepomis
• †Leptauchenia
• †Leptictis
• 

  Illustration of a fossilized skull of the Oligocene-Miocene dog Leptocyon
  †Leptocyon
• †Leptomeryx
• Lepus
  • †Lepus americanus – or unidentified comparable form
• †Longirostromeryx
• †Macrorhineura – type locality for genus
  • †Macrorhineura skinneri – type locality for species
• †Mammacyon
• †Mammuthus
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    Life restoration of a herd of Mammuthus columbi, or Columbian mammoths. The extent of the fur depicted is hypothetical. Charles R. Knight (1909).
    †Mammuthus columbi
• Martes
• †Megacerops
• †Megachoerus – tentative report
• †Megaleptictis
  • †Megaleptictis altidens
• †Megalictis
  • †Megalictis ferox – type locality for species
• †Megalonyx
  • †Megalonyx leptostomus
  • †Megalonyx wheatleyi
• †Megapaloelodus – type locality for genus
• †Menoceras
• †Menops
• †Merychippus
• 

  Restoration of a herd of the Eocene-Miocene oreodont mammal Merychyus
  †Merychyus
• †Merycochoerus
• †Merycodus
• †Merycoides
• †Merycoidodon
• †Mesocyon
• †Mesohippus
• †Mesoreodon
• †Metamynodon
  • †Metamynodon planifrons
• †Michenia
• Microtus
• †Miniochoerus
• †Miohippus
  • †Miohippus grandis
• †Monosaulax
• 

  Life restoration of the Miocene chalicothere mammal Moropus threatening a pair of the bear-dog Daphoenodon. Jay Matternes (1964).
  †Moropus
• Mustela
• †Mylagaulus
• †Nannippus
• †Nanotragulus
• †Neohipparion – type locality for genus
• Neotoma
• Nerodia
  • †Nerodia sipedon
• †Nexuotapirus
• †Niglarodon
• †Nimravus
• Notophthalmus
• †Nototamias
• †Notropis
• †Noturus – tentative report
• Ondatra
• Onychomys
• †Oreodontoides
• Ortalis
• †Osbornodon
• †Otarocyon
• †Oxetocyon
• †Oxydactylus
• 

  Spiral-shaped fossilized burrow and associated skeleton of the Oligocene-Miocene beaver Palaeocastor
  †Palaeocastor
• †Palaeogale
• †Palaeolagus
• †Paracrax
• †Paradaphoenus
• †Paraenhydrocyon
• †Parahippus
• †Paramys
• †Paratomarctus
• †Paratylopus
• †Parictis
• †Peltosaurus
  • †Peltosaurus granulosus
• †Peraceras
• Perognathus
• Peromyscus
• †Philotrox
  • †Philotrox condoni
• †Phlaocyon
  • †Phlaocyon minor
• Phrynosoma
  • †Phrynosoma douglassi
• †Planera
• †Platygonus
• †Pliauchenia
• †Pliohippus
• 

  Life restoration of the Eocene-Oligocene camel Poebrotherium
  †Poebrotherium
• †Pogonodon
• †Procamelus
• †Procastoroides
• †Promartes
• †Promerycochoerus
• †Proscalops
• †Protapirus
• †Proterix
• †Protoceras
• †Protohippus
• †Protolabis
• Pseudacris
• 

  Restoration of the Miocene cat Pseudaelurus
  †Pseudaelurus
• †Pseudhipparion
• †Pseudoprotoceras
• Querquedula
• †Rana
  • †Rana catesbeiana
  • †Rana pipiens
• Reithrodontomys
• Rhineura
• Salvadora
• Scaphiopus
• †Sespia
• Sorex
  • †Sorex cinereus
• Spea
• Spermophilus
• 

  Mounted fossilized skeleton of the Pliocene-Pleistocene elephant relative Stegomastodon
  †Stegomastodon
  • †Stegomastodon mirificus
• †Steneofiber
• Strix
• †Stylemys
• †Subhyracodon
• †Sunkahetanka
  • †Sunkahetanka geringensis
• Sylvilagus
  • †Sylvilagus floridanus
• Tapirus
• 

  Restoration of the Miocene-Pliocene rhinoceros Teleoceras
  †Teleoceras
  • †Teleoceras major
• Thamnophis
  • †Thamnophis sirtalis
• Thomomys
• †Titanotylopus
• †Trigenicus
• †Trigonias
• Tympanuchus
• †Ursavus
• †Ustatochoerus
• Zapus
• Zelkova

References[]

• Various Contributors to the Paleobiology Database. "Fossilworks: Gateway to the Paleobiology Database". Retrieved 17 December 2021. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)